Electric Mirror Research Articles

Perancangan Door trim Mobil Sesuai Keinginan Pengguna City Car

Nowadays, product design and development has been driven by market opportunity or known as market pull platform. Aimed to satisfy customer needs, this platform engaged customer at the first stage of the product design and development methods to be represented on the designing stage. The aim of this research is evolve driver door trim design of SmarT EV 2 with customer and ergonomic consideration. The proposed methods, based on combination solution of customers need, has arised four alternative design concepts to be assessed and selected. The choosen design as result is alternative design number four consist of power window and locks feature to enhace safety driving, retractable and electric mirror using knob, side pocket indue cup holder inside, gives dynamical sense by streamline-spherical countour design,and warped arm rest design with its panels layout that used and reached easily.

Metamaterial mirrors in optoelectronic devices

The phase reversal that occurs when light is reflected from a metallic mirror produces a standing wave with reduced intensity near the reflective surface. This effect is highly undesirable in optoelectronic devices that use metal films as both electrical contacts and optical mirrors, because it dictates a minimum spacing between the metal and the underlying active semiconductor layers, therefore posing a fundamental limit to the overall thickness of the device. Here, we show that this challenge can be circumvented by using a metamaterial mirror whose reflection phase is tunable from that of a perfect electric mirror (φ=π) to that of a perfect magnetic mirror (φ=0). This tunability in reflection phase can also be exploited to optimize the standing wave profile in planar devices to maximize light-matter interaction. Specifically, we show that light absorption and photocurrent generation in a sub-100nm active semiconductor layer of a model solar cell can be enhanced by ∼20% over a broad spectral band.

Study on the Quality of TA2 Sheet in Laser Bending Deforming Area

In order to study the quality of TA2 sheet in laser bending deforming area, SM2000 CO2 laser of 2.5kW is used to irradiate 0.6 mm thick TA2 sheet, and the change of the surface properties of the TA2 plate after laser forming was investigated with the X-ray stress analysis instrument (type: X-350A), Digital Micro hardness Tester HVS-1000 and Scanning Electric Mirror (SEM ) respectively. The result of the experiment indicates: the roughness of the forming sheet after bending will increase. The roughness of deforming area increases dramatically. The further the surface from the bending area, the less roughness in the bending area, residual stress changes regularly. The organization of the deforming area is changed, and the branch crystal forms on the surface of the forming sheet. The diameter is about 0.5μm. The branch crystal grows upward.

Great Women Artists

In 1971 Linda Nochlin asked the art world, Why have there been no great women artists? Her subsequent answer suggested that it was institutional boundaries that hindered women from having the same access as their male counterparts. Forty years later the answer to this question has changed. As Catherine Morris suggests here, participation and influence of women in the art world is enormous. Morris is the third director and curator of the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art at the Brooklyn Museum. Part exhibition space, part education facility, the Center is focused on raising awareness of the cultural contributions of feminism to the arts. The exhibition space is anchored by Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party (1974-79), which was created at the time that ''feminism'' came into common use as a term relating to a particular political and social sensibility in art. Moreover, the Center has traced the history of feminism as far back as the prehistoric age with exhibitions like the Fertile Goddess (2008-09) and has gone on to document trends in contemporary video art with Reflections on the Electric Mirror: New Feminist Video (2009 10). The looming question remains: What is feminist art? What arises are only more questions. The cycle of exhibitions that have come through the Center, and those that are forthcoming, only further challenge audience perceptions of what feminist art is and can be. Nonetheless, the task of defining both the history and current state of feminism does not seem to overwhelm Morris. She came to the Center in 2009 after serving as Adjunct Curator of Contemporary Art at the Philbrook Museum of Art in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She has used her short tenure to organize Kiki Smith: Soujourn (2010), which examines universal experiences of life from birth to death, and a small exhibition on the 1864 Brooklyn Sanitary Fair. What makes the Center so unique and, as Morris suggests, so important, is the opportunity to present the lineage of an art practice that has no geographic or chronological boundaries. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] In the following conversation, Morris discusses her background in feminist art, her perspective of its historic and changing role and the future of both the Center and feminist art practices. This conversation took place at Morris's office on April 12, 2010. HARRY J. WEIL: In 2006, for MIT's List Visual Arts Center, you organized 9 Reconsidered, an exhibition that examined Bell Laboratories' bringing together of a group of avant-garde artists with ten scientists. The result was a series of Happenings that took place in 1966 at the 69th Regiment Armory in New York. Several of the artists are now celebrated figures, like Robert Rauschenberg, Steve Paxton, and John Cage. Among them were also some of the earliest pioneers of performance art, including Yvonne Rainer, Lucinda Childs, and Deborah Hay. What was it like to have both men and women working with a technology that few predicted would ever be so instrumental to the creation and reception of art? CATHERINE MORRIS: There was a lot of openness in this group as they came together in the early 1960s in Lower Manhattan. Not only was there an acceptance of women artists, but an acceptance of dance and dance practices. This acceptance was essential to the group's development. The work of those women was on par with the men who participated. However, there was obviously a lot of sexism involved. Despite this, what made 9 Evenings so important and influential, in addition to the engineering aspect and use of new technology, was the community aspect and the way in which different artists came together to complete this project. This was about collaboration. These artists were working together closely before that and it made 9 Evenings quite successful. HW: This emphasis on feminist art in technology is vastly different from the permanent installation that anchors the Sackler Center--Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party, This work is so much in line with the craft movement of the 1960s. …

Narrow band optical filter in fluorescein doped boric acid glass saturable absorber thin films

We demonstrate narrow band optical filter like frequency response with full width half maximum (FWHM) of nearly (1.75 ± 0.25) Hz in fluorescein doped boric acid glass films [10 −4 M], using modulated optical phase conjugation and a nearly non-degenerate four wave mixing technique. Modulated optical phase conjugation signals are described in the limit of a weak probe and relatively strong pump beams. Both pump beams are of nearly equal intensity at a wavelength of 514.5 nm from a continuous-wave Ar + laser. The probe beam frequency has been detuned with a ramp signal using a piezo electric mirror.

Study on Mechanism and Experiment of Engine Cylinder by Laser Honing

The diesel engine cylinder was processed by laser honing (LH) device, the structure morphology was observed with scanning electric mirror (SEM), and lubricant consumes and wear performances were measured, at the same time the mechanism of LH and effects of laser parameters on LH results were analyzed. The experimental results are shown that LH is a kind of phase transformation treatment by laser, which processes a hardening belt in the certain distributing form on the work-piece surface, and forms the hardness distribution of soft and hard material alternatively; LH may lower the engine oil consumes 30%-60%, and reduce the pollution of the catalyst machine, and lower the grain let of the engine oil 25%-30%. LH intentionally machines the grain cave, which has the certain angle, depth, and width etc.. The surface microcosmic sculpting has the lubricating function for usage process, and storage and transport lubricant, which improves the rubbing condition, then lower the part wear and increase the other performances. The short-wave laser is more applicable to the LH process, which improves the lubrication condition, and increases the service life of the engine and the efficiency, and lowers the engine oil consumes.

Preparation of Ultra-fine Aluminum Nitride in Thermal Plasma

Ultra-fine aluminum nitride has been synthesized by the evaporation of aluminum powder at atmospheric-pressure nitrogen plasma in a hot-wall reactor. The average size of aluminum nitride particle is 0.11 μm measured by scanning electric mirror (SEM), and the purity is at least over 90% evaluated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The conversion of Al powder to aluminum nitride is strongly depended on the injection of NH3. Typical experimental parameters such as the feed rate of raw material, the flow rate of ammonia and the position of injecting aluminum powder into the reactor are given.

Electroluminescence of erbium-doped silicon films as grown by ion beam epitaxy

Sharp and well-split electroluminescence has been achieved from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated from as-grown erbium–oxygen codoped silicon films, where all elements were in situ incorporated during film growth. The LEDs were fabricated using ion beam epitaxy with an electric mirror sputtering-type metal ion source in an ultrahigh vacuum. Electroluminescence was observed from the LEDs under both forward and reverse biases. Each luminescence line corresponded well to the intra-4f transitions of Er+3 ions with almost single local coordination. The electroluminescence quenching factor with temperature under a forward bias was similar to that for photoluminescence. Sharp luminescence was, however, still observed even at room temperature under a forward bias. Under a reverse bias, strong electroluminescence was observed at room temperature without quenching.

Complete third‐order resolution formulae for time‐of‐flight mass spectrometers incorporating reflectrons

AbstractThe resolution of single‐ and double‐stage, homogeneous electric mirror time‐of‐flight mass spectrometers can be calculated with the derived formulae for detectors located normally to the ion flight direction or parallel to the mirror face. These formulae account for contributions to the peak width from ion initial velocity and position in the source (‘turn around’ time included), from ion‐packet longitudinal and transverse size at the source final grid, as well as due to the angular ion spread. Third‐order terms are included for beam size, angular aperture and velocity spread, the incidence angle being small. The field‐free space needed to obtain energy focusing in time is connected with the length of the accelerating space inside the source.

Diamond synthesis by sputtering

Almost single‐phase diamond films with sp3 bonds are synthesized on Si at temperatures as low as 600 °C by a triode‐assisted sputtering system with an electric mirror. The growth rate varies between 1 and 10 nm/min. The rate depends on the deposition parameters, including substrate temperature, gas pressure, He gas fraction. The diamond is found to nucleate on a double‐layered interlayer formed on the Si surface, consisting of a 3–7 nm thick granular W layer condensed on a 3–15 nm amorphous SiC layer. The structure of this interlayer arises from the preferential diffusion of C atoms into the Si substrate. The density of diamond nucleation reaches 109–1010 cm−2. This density does not depend on the pretreatment of the substrate surface. The preferential crystallite orientation occurs along the 〈111〉 or 〈110〉 directions, and is well controlled by the He fraction during sputtering.

Broad beam extraction from a new sputtering-type ion source using an electric mirror

A new sputtering-type metal-ion source for ion beam deposition was developed by using an electric mirror. Ion beams with an area of 80 cm2 were extracted from this source. The ion energy was controlled over a range from 50 to 500 eV. Ions with 200 eV energy were extracted with an average current density of more than 1 mA/cm2. The fraction of ions in the extracted metal reached about 30%. The fraction of metal ions in the total extracted ions, including Ar+ and metal ions, exceeded 10%. These fractions of metal ions monotonically increased with sputtering power. Both Al+ and Fe+ ions were extracted from this apparatus and deposited on the substrate.

Second-order space-time transfer matrix of the two-stage electrostatic mirror

A complete second-order space-time description of ion movement in a two-stage electric field mirror is derived. The elements of the resulting transfer matrix account for ion coordinates and angles both in the deflection plane and the plane normal to it, as well as the ion energy and flight time. Formulas are given to compute the resolving power of energy focusing time-of-flight mass spectrometers with single-stage and two-stage mirrors.

Dense plasma production and film deposition by new high-rate sputtering using an electric mirror

Production of a dense plasma for new high-rate sputtering using an electric mirror has been achieved. The plasma, whose density is over 1012 cm−3, is generated by reciprocating an electron beam between two targets. Microwave excitation is detected in the dense plasma. Nonlinear interaction between the electron beam and the plasma plays an important role in dense plasma production. High deposition rates of over 3000 Å/min have been realized for Al, Mo, Fe, etc. Low-frequency instability, corresponding to E×B drift wave, also occurs in the plasma.

A new sputtering-type electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma using an electric mirror and high-rate deposition

Film deposition is performed by means of a new electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma employing a high-rate sputtering system using an electric mirror. This apparatus consists of both planar and cylindrical targets. The magnetic flux penetrates both target surfaces. Microwave power is perpendicularly or obliquely introduced into the resonance cavity. High-density plasma, exceeding 1012 cm−3, much denser than the cutoff density 7×1010 cm−3, is generated. The electron beam oscillating between the two targets plays a major role in generating the dense plasma, i.e., as a beam plasma interaction. Both insulator and conductor films can be deposited continuously by this new sputtering method at high rates under low gas pressures of 10−2 . Al, Mo, and Fe films are deposited at rates above 2000 Å/min. Target utility reaches higher than 55% for nonmagnetic materials including Mo and Al, and 40% for magnetic materials including Fe. Film thickness uniformity over 4 in. in diameter with a 10% distribution is realized.

New high-rate sputtering-type electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma using an electric mirror

High-rate sputtering is achieved by means of new electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma employing sputtering using an electric mirror. This apparatus consists of both planar and cylindrical targets. Microwave power is perpendicularly or obliquely introduced into the resonance chamber. High-density plasma of 1012 cm−3 is generated. The reflected electrons oscillating between the two targets play a major role in generating the dense plasma, i.e., as a beam-plasma interaction. Both insulator and conductor films can be continuously deposited by this sputtering method at high rates under low gas pressures of 10−2 Pa. Al, Mo, and Fe films are deposited at rates above 2000 Å/min.

Dense plasma production for high rate sputtering by means of an electric mirror

The production of a new dense plasma for high rate sputtering with an electric mirror has been achieved. The plasma, with a density over 1012 cm−3 , is generated by an oscillating electron beam between two targets. Microwave excitation is detected from the dense plasma. Nonlinear interaction between the electron beam and the plasma plays an important role in increasing plasma density. The high film deposition rates over 3000 Å/min for Al have been realized.