Electric Metering System Research Articles

Формирование модели интеллектуального программного аналитического комплекса в электроэнергетике

The paper considers the model of an intelligent software analytical complex that allows electric power industry organi-zations to remotely apply electricity metering systems designed to take consumer's meter readings online, register devia-tions, and determine the quality of electricity. The software analytical complex is presented in the form of a set of models: a model for ensuring the sustainability of the quality of electric power, which makes it possible to create rules for the information environment and a unified data repository to systematize the processes of collecting, processing and transmitting data, simplify the search and increase the speed of access to data; a model of the product knowledge base, designed to search for solutions in the process under consideration and evaluate the search results; a dynamic graph of deviations of the Descartes square, which makes it possible to manage electrical power parameters in order to increase the efficiency of the organization and improve the process of managing the technical strategy of the energy system; and ontological and network models of electric energy quality indicators. The diagrams of the software analyt-ical complex algorithm as well as the developed neural network node designed to analyze deviations for the presence or absence of malfunctions in the hardware operation are presented. The application of the presented models in the soft-ware analytical complex will help to promptly identify emerging deviations and analyze them.

The state primary standard of units of time, frequency and the national time scale GET 1-2022: contribution to the formation of Coordinated Universal Time

Measurement of time and frequency is one of the most widespread types of measurements, information on the exact value of time, on the national time scale is extremely in demand by a wide variety of consumers, ranging from commercial electricity metering systems, where the required synchronization accuracy is a few seconds, to space navigation systems that impose requirements on synchronization at the level of units of nanoseconds. At the same time, consumer requirements for the accuracy of time and frequency measurements, as well as for the efficiency of obtaining time-frequency information, are steadily growing, which entails the need to modernize the means of reproducing, storing and transmitting units of time, frequency and time scale. To meet modern consumer requirements for the accuracy of time and frequency measurements, technical means of reproduction, storage and transmission of units have been introduced into the State primary standard of units of time, frequency and national time scale GET 1-2022, allowing to significantly increase the contribution of GET 1-2022 to the formation of the coordinated universal timescale UTC. A brief overview of the composition of GET 1-2022 is given, a comparative analysis of the contribution of time standards to the formation of the UTC timescale is carried out, as well as an analysis of the shifts of the time scales of the standards relative to UTC and the instability of the frequency standards. It is shown that from September 2022 to March 2023, the contribution of GET 1-2022 to the formation of the UTC increased significantly and exceeded that of the US Naval Observatory standard, and currently the contributions of these standards are comparable. In terms of frequency instability and average contribution to the formation of UTC, the atomic standards of GET 1-2022 are significantly superior to similar standard instruments from other countries. It has been established that the national coordinated time scale UTC(SU) is one of the best national implementations of UTC, and the national atomic time scale TA(SU) occupies a leading position among the time scales of leading foreign time laboratories in terms of instability.

Main Problems Faced by Biomass Coupling Power Generation Metering

Carry out in-depth research on the electricity metering project of the biomass gasification coupled power generation project of Hubei Huadian Xiangyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., and upgrade the existing metering capacity based on the requirements of the power industry standard "Calculation of biomass energy from coal-fired coupled biomass power generation Part 1: Gasification coupling of agricultural and forestry waste residues" to form a complete, accurate and advanced electricity metering capacity. In view of the shortcomings of the hardware and software of the current electricity metering, we will improve and upgrade them one by one. In this plan, the existing biomass energy and electricity metering system is planned to be modified by replacing the sampling system, pre-treatment system, adding missing parameters of the analyzer, adding power measuring points, replacing gas, steam and condensate flow meters, and arranging explosion-proof cabins.

Research on Energy Metering System Based on Biomass Gasification Coupled Power Generation in a 600MW Power Plant

The biomass gasification coupled power generation project of a power plant is the first biomass gasification and coal-fired coupled power generation project using agricultural and forestry biomass residues as the main fuel in China, and has completed 72+24 hours of full load test run in September 2018. With the formulation of relevant standards, in order to further improve the overall operational capacity of the project, and give full play to the demonstration significance of the national coal-fired coupling power generation technology transformation pilot project, scientific and technological research has been carried out in such aspects as electricity metering. By upgrading the electricity metering system, on the one hand, it can meet the latest technical requirements of the electric power industry standard “Coal fired coupled biomass power generation biomass energy calculation Part 1: Agricultural and forestry waste gasification coupling”, on the other hand, it can solve the problems encountered in existing equipment such as short operation time, large maintenance volume, and low accuracy of gas composition detection, improving equipment stability, while reducing heat value loss, and reducing production costs, Improve production efficiency.At the same time, after the heat value analyzer is changed, the measured heat value loss is reduced by 20%. Based on the annual utilization hours of the gasifier, about 6400 tons of biomass fuel loss can be recovered in one year, and the annual fuel cost recovered is about 2.56 million yuan.

Effects of Perceived Billing System on Customers’ Preference for Pre-Paid Electricity Metering System in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This study examined how customers' preferences for pre-paid power metering systems in Ekiti State, Nigeria, were influenced by their perceptions of the billing system. Primary method of data collection was used. Data were obtained via a structured questionnaire that was given to a carefully chosen sample of 381 electricity users in the Ado-Ekiti metropolitan, the state capital of Ekiti, using a systematic sampling technique. The extent to which customers' preferences are impacted by how they perceive the billing system was examined using the Pearson product moment correlation method. The findings showed that customers' preferences for pre-paid power metering systems are positively and significantly influenced by how they view the billing system. The findings showed that customers' preferences for pre-paid power metering systems are positively and significantly influenced by how they view the billing system.

GSM Based Electricity Meter with Instant Billing System

The GSM-based electricity meter with an instant billing system is a project designed to provide an efficient and convenient method for monitoring and billing electricity consumption. This system utilizes the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) technology to enable remote monitoring and control of electricity meters. The main objective of this project is to overcome the limitations of traditional electricity metering systems, such as manual meter reading and delayed billing processes. By integrating GSM technology, the system enables real-time communication between the electricity meter and the utility provider, allowing for instant meter readings and billing calculations. The proposed system consists of three main components: the GSM-based electricity meter, a central server, and a user interface. The GSM-based electricity meter is installed at the consumer's location and is equipped with a GSM module, which enables it to transmit meter readings to the central server. The central server receives the meter readings from multiple electricity meters and performs billing calculations based on predefined tariff rates. The server also stores the consumption data for future reference and generates instant bills for each consumer. These bills can be sent to the consumer's mobile phone via SMS or accessed through a web-based user interface. The user interface provides consumers with access to their consumption data, billing information, and payment options. Consumers can view their current and historical electricity usage, monitor their bills, and make payments through various payment gateways integrated into the system. The GSM-based electricity meter with an instant billing system offers several advantages over traditional metering systems. It eliminates the need for manual meter reading, reduces billing errors and delays, and provides consumers with real-time information about their electricity consumption. Additionally, it enables utility providers to optimize their billing processes and improve overall customer satisfaction.

ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КОНФИГУРАЦИЕЙ РАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ СЕТИ

Relevance In the context of growing demand for electricity and expensive energy resources, the requirements for the efficiency of power grid organizations in terms of reducing the level of electricity losses in electric networks are increasing. The solution of this problem is possible by optimizing the operating modes of power supply systems. Modern automation tools used in the power grid complex make it possible to calculate, analyze and control the operating modes of electric networks in real time, relying on the actual values of mode parameters, which increases the control efficiency and adaptability of the network to changing external factors. Analysis of the current level of automation of electric networks was carried out in the work and a variant of the system for optimal control of the configuration of the distribution network was proposed and substantiated. Aim of research Determination of the sources of information necessary for correct operation of the system of optimal configuration management of the distribution network. Research methods To achieve the main aim of research the method of the simulation mathematical modeling in MATLAB/SIMULINK was used. Results As a result of the study, it has been found that the modern level of automation of power supply networks makes it possible to implement an optimal control system for the configuration of the distribution network without installing additional power, measuring and network equipment. It is proposed to use 110/10 kV remote control systems, monitoring and diagnostics systems for 110/10 kV power transformers and automated commercial electricity metering systems as sources of measuring information. The practical significance of the obtained results is manifested in increasing the efficiency of the power transmission process through medium voltage distribution networks by optimizing the modes of their operation in real time.

Prediction Method of Electric Energy Metering Device Based on Software-Defined Networking

The energy storage or management system is becoming more important as electrical energy demand globally grows. In the first step of the energy management plan, energy forecasting is an essential element. Software-defined network (SDN) seeks to change network architecture and processes to be agile and effectively enhance the functionality of fundamental system components such as switches and routers. Predicting electric energy is crucial to support demand-side management in the building business. The total power load of the individual building services systems management is becoming a challenging process to be predicted for buildings with electricity metering systems. Conventional model energy prediction focuses on predictive accuracy, and energy consumption must be predicted according to different conditions to build an efficient system. Novel deep learning-based smart energy metering prediction (DL-SEMP) technique is considered to overthrow such accuracy lack in prediction. Blockchain-based SDN has emerged a new architect for obtaining a distributed network in blockchain technology.

Environmental sustainability and life cycle cost analysis of smart versus conventional energy meters in developing countries

The sustainability of smart energy meters (SM) in comparison to conventional static energy meters (CM) in developing regions of the world is an area of rising interest and research. The study aims at the characterization of the environmental and economic sustainability of SMs in context to developing low-middle income countries like Pakistan. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methods have been used for the requisite analysis. While 6 midpoint categories; climate change potential (CCP), ozone depletion potential (ODP), terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TETP), fossil resource scarcity potential (FFP), water consumption potential (WCP) and 1 endpoint category; damage to human health have been selected. Highest impact scores have been determined in CCP, FFP, WCP i.e., 9.61E+00 and 7.60E+00 kg CO2 eq., 9.59E+00 and 7.77E+00 kg oil eq., 6.98E+00 and 6.69E+00 m3 water for CM and SM respectively. The overall highest impact is contributed by the production phase for both type of energy meters. In LCC analysis the initial cost of SM and CM has been calculated as 52.76 USD and 47.52 USD respectively, while the overall life cycle cost of SM is 61% less than that of CM. As such there are significant environmental and economic benefits of the deployment of SM as determined under the complete life cycle perspective. There is still a long lag to be covered by developing countries for the deployment of such smart-sustainable technologies. Policy interventions and roll-out programs can establish that SM not just an electricity metering system, rather is a comprehensive communication portal for buyers and sellers.

Building an adaptive hybrid model for short-term prediction of power consumption using a neural network

This paper proposes a step-by-step technique for combining basic models that forecast electricity consumption in an artificial neural network by the method of preliminary selection and further hybridization. The reported experiments were conducted using data on hourly electricity consumption at the metallurgical plant AO ArcelorMittal Temirtau in the period from January 1, 2019, to November 30, 2021. The current research is related to the planned introduction of a balancing electricity market. 96 combinations of basic models were compiled, differing in the type of neural network, the set of initial data, the order of lag, the learning algorithm, and the number of neurons in the hidden layer. It has been determined that the NARX-type network is the most optimal architecture to forecast electricity consumption. Based on experimental studies, the number of hidden neurons needed to form a planned daily profile should equal 3 or 4; it is recommended to use the conjugate gradient method as a learning algorithm. When selecting models from three groups, it was revealed that the conjugate gradient method produces better results compared to the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. It is determined that the values of the selected RMSE error indicator take values of 23.17, 22.54, and 22.56, respectively, for the first, second, and third data groups. The adaptive hybridization method has been shown to reduce the RMSE error rate to 21.73. However, the weights of the best models with values of 0.327 for the first group of data, and 0.336 for the second and third ones, show that the individual use of a separate combination of models is also applicable. The devised forecasting electricity consumption model can be integrated into an automated electricity metering system

Review of Modern Electricity Metering Devices

The article gives a description of electricity meters used in the organization of electricity metering. Since 2021 electricity suppliers are required to install meters with a minimum set of functions of intelligent electricity metering systems when installing new meters or replacing old metering devices with new ones, in accordance with Federal Law No. 522-FZ. Outdated induction meters will be replaced by electronic ones with greater reliability, higher accuracy and better protection against theft of electrical energy. The article describes the design of induction and electronic meters, as well as weighs up advantages and disadvantages of each type of device. We also examined smart meters with remote reading.

Analysis of the actual electrical loads of public premises embedded in residential buildings

THE PURPOSE. With the help of data from smart electricity meters, an analysis of the profiles of electrical loads of commercial organizations that are part of apartment buildings was carried out. The results obtained are compared with their current standard values. New values of specific electrical loads for public premises are considered: pharmacies, grocery and manufactured goods stores, catering establishments, office premises.METHODS. Half-hour load profiles were obtained from intelligent electricity metering devices installed directly at the objects under study, data transmission was carried out by an automated electricity metering system. The observation intervals were several tens of days. To process the experimentally obtained data, statistical methods for the analysis of electrical loads were used.RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, presents the profiles of electrical loads of public premises with the highlighting of characteristic features separately for each group of electricity consumers. New specific design electrical loads are considered, including an analysis in comparison with existing standards.CONCLUSION. The calculated values of electrical power in order to ensure technological connection for public premises, including social and cultural facilities, must be updated, since today there is a significant difference between the actual and calculated according to regulatory documents electrical loads. Updating the specific design electrical loads of public premises will reduce the locked capacity of these facilities, at the same time reduce the cost of technological connection, thereby increasing the rating of the investment climate in the region.

ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICAL NETWORK WITH DIFFERENT COMPLETENESS OF INPUT DATA

The most effective measure to ensure the observation of electric distribution networks is the integration of intelligent metering devices with the ability to store and transmit data based on Smart Metering technology into automated commercial electricity metering systems. Automated systems of commercial electricity metering systems and intelligent metering devices are designed to provide reliable and timely information about electricity metering on the basis of which financial settlements are made between market participants. However, today the use of automated systems of commercial electricity metering of intelligent metering devices in distribution networks is limited, and the available information does not make it possible to ensure the observation of electric distribution networks and, as a result, to determine the components of electricity losses in the structure of the electricity balance with sufficient accuracy. That is why the article analyzes the possibility of improving the observability of electrical distribution networks using Smart Metering devices. The expediency of applying the results of assessing the state of distribution electric networks in information systems for the purpose of detailed analysis of the functioning of electric networks is investigated. A mathematical model for assessing the state of the distribution electrical network and the quality of measurements in it is applied. Smart Measuring Information Systems accumulate information about measured power consumption schedules, the use of which allows to form an element-by-element structure of electricity losses with reference to the time period of operation of network elements, as well as determine local cells with the greatest impact on total electricity losses. In addition, commercial expenses included in the balance sheet structure do not have an independent mathematical description. Therefore, it is difficult to assess their economically justified level. They are determined from the structure of the electricity balance, as the difference between actual losses and calculated technological losses. An increase in the profit of energy supply companies depends on the reduction of the commercial component. Thus, the urgent task is to develop methods and tools for analyzing technical and commercial electricity losses in electric distribution networks and introduce software tools for their implementation using Smart Metering databases and Information Systems.

Intelligent metering systems designed to achieve energy efficiency of the production process

The intelligent electricity metering system is designed to collect data from electricity meters in an automatic mode (i.e. without the direct participation of the electricity consumer and other persons). Intelligent energy metering systems rely on a network of smart meters and have a number of new features: bidirectional interaction with meters; automated processing and storage of large amounts of data; flexible and user-friendly interface; active involvement of consumers in the process of energy management

Automated metering and power quality systems in power supply systems

The article shows that the data of the collected by the automated commercial electricity metering systems are an ensemble of daily realizations of random processes of power consumption of the power supply system. The main purpose of using automated systems of commercial and technical electricity metering is to reduce power consumption. But it is noted that the efficiency of using data of the automated commercial electricity metering system, efficiency and proper management of energy consumption depends on the operators of automated workstations. Considering the rapid improvement of both technical means and mathematical methods that can be applied to address energy efficiency issues, there is a need to transform remote data collection systems from electricity meters, taking into account quality, into a measuring and information structure capable of not only collecting data from meters, electrical energy, but also analyse them. The main method for detecting undercounts is given - the balance method. On the basis of the balance method, it is proposed to automatically calculate the unbalance for each section of the 6, 10 or 110 kV line of the main step-down substations and distribution points, taking into account the number and accuracy classes of commercial metering and technical metering devices. It is proposed to balance the load on the results of calculations performed by automated commercial electricity metering system in order to reduce energy losses and reduce payment for electricity. It is proposed in the work that the automated commercial electricity metering system should calculate the coefficients of form, maximum, load, as well as other morphometric characteristics of the graphs of electrical loads. The work drew attention to a number of problems arising in the calculation of these parameters: electronic meters measure the data necessary for calculations but not with the specified discreteness and, most importantly, their measurement of these parameters of the quality of electrical energy is not metrologically certified, therefore, such data can only be relied on as background information.

Optimal Performance and Modeling of Wireless Technology Enabling Smart Electric Metering Systems Including Microgrids.

This work is focused on the performance analysis and optimal routing of wireless technology for intelligent energy metering, considering the inclusion of micro grids. For the study, a geo-referenced scenario has been taken into account, which will form the structure of a graph to be solved using heuristic-based algorithms. In the first instance, the candidate site of the world geography to perform the case study is established, followed by deploying infrastructure devices and determining variables and parameters. Then, the model configuration is programmed, taking into account that a set of nodes and vertices is established for proper routing, resulting in a preliminary wireless network topology. Finally, from a set of restrictions, a determination of users connected to the concentrator and optimal routing is performed. This procedure is treated as a coverage set problem. Consequently, to establish the network parameters, two restrictions are specifically considered, capacity and range; thus, can be determined the best technology to adapt to the location. Finally, a verification of the resulting network topologies and the performance of the infrastructure is done by simulating the wireless network. With the model created, scenarios are tested, and it is verified that the optimization model demonstrates its effectiveness.

ADDER

The article describes an electronic multifunctional adder for electricity metering SEM-3. The authors give the technical characteristics, the device and the principle of its operation. The presented adder is designed to monitor and account for the consumption of electricity generation and power directly from consumers, as well as in automated centralized accounting and control systems, and is designed for round-the-clock operation. The adder can collect and transmit information over six independent serial interfaces. The adder with a builtin GSM module provides bidirectional information exchange via cellular modem communication with remote devices and the transfer of accumulated data to the upper level of the automated electricity metering system. It provides bidirectional exchange of information over a local network with a PC over the built-in 10/100 Base-T Ethernet interface.

Update of specific electric loads of public premises located in residential buildings

THE PURPOSE. To determine the composition of electricity consumers in apartment buildings. To analyze the power consumption of organizations located on the first two floors of apartment buildings. To justify the need to update the standards for electrical loads for public premises built into residential buildings. METHODS. Information on electricity consumption was received by automated electricity metering system from smart meters installed directly at consumers. To achieve this goal, statistical methods for analyzing energy consumption were used. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, provides a rationale for adjusting the normative values of specific electrical loads for public premises built into residential buildings. The percentage of consumer groups is shown on the example of several apartment buildings. The annual specific average monthly graphs of electricity consumption are presented: shops, offices, pharmacies, restaurants. CONCLUSION. In an effort to increase the level of comfort, developers are interested in developing the infrastructure of the facilities, mainly for this, they use ground and first floors, in which retail and office areas are most often located. Research by the Roselectromontazh Association has shown that to determine the electrical load of non-residential commercial premises, one has to use one averaged value due to the constant change in the purpose of premises and the complexity of determining the occupied area.

Update of specific electric loads of public premises located in residential buildings

THE PURPOSE. To determine the composition of electricity consumers in apartment buildings. To analyze the power consumption of organizations located on the first two floors of apartment buildings. To justify the need to update the standards for electrical loads for public premises built into residential buildings. METHODS. Information on electricity consumption was received by automated electricity metering system from smart meters installed directly at consumers. To achieve this goal, statistical methods for analyzing energy consumption were used. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, provides a rationale for adjusting the normative values of specific electrical loads for public premises built into residential buildings. The percentage of consumer groups is shown on the example of several apartment buildings. The annual specific average monthly graphs of electricity consumption are presented: shops, offices, pharmacies, restaurants. CONCLUSION. In an effort to increase the level of comfort, developers are interested in developing the infrastructure of the facilities, mainly for this, they use ground and first floors, in which retail and office areas are most often located. Research by the Roselectromontazh Association has shown that to determine the electrical load of non-residential commercial premises, one has to use one averaged value due to the constant change in the purpose of premises and the complexity of determining the occupied area.

Use of statistical analysis methods in processing population survey data

The article analyzes the structures of the measuring channels of electricity metering systems. It is shown that such a structure is determined by the types of measuring instruments used and the scheme of their connection, in particular, by the types of electricity meters installed at the metering points. Moreover, the counters can have a pulse or interface information output. It is shown that the path for measuring and metering electricity includes a measuring circuit consisting of measuring current and voltage transformers, an electricity meter, communication lines, a metering device and a data collection device. The applied method is based on the standardization of the metrological characteristics of individual elements of the measuring path and their synthesis based on the metrological characteristics of the entire electricity metering system. To calculate the total error of the measuring channel, a formula is used that takes into account only the errors of the measuring circuit. It is shown that in recent years there has been a tendency when measuring current transformers and, accordingly, electricity meters operate in the mode of low current loads. In this case, the errors of the elements of the measuring path are poorly studied. The graphs of errors of current transformers depending on load currents are given. It is shown that the values of the errors of current transformers vary with the magnitude of the load current and are in the region of negative values. Therefore, the wrong choice of current transformers can lead to a significant underestimation of electricity. The errors of voltage transformers depend mainly on the load on the secondary winding and do not significantly affect the total error. The resulting error of the measuring path current transformer - voltage transformer - electricity meter in the area of low loads is given. A change in errors in the area of low loads leads to serious metrological losses (underpayment of electricity). In the automation of electricity metering, graphs of changes in errors in the area of low loads are presented, which can serve as a basis for correcting the error of the measuring paths.