Electrical Losses Research Articles

Synthesis and dielectric characterization of SR/MWCNTs nanocomposites for piezoelectric sensors

ABSTRACT Silicone rubber (SR) rubber is manufactured more efficiently in the modern age by using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); this makes silicone rubber suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. In this paper, it has been elaborated the fabrication of SR/MWCNTs nanocomposites that is improved dielectric behaviours under thermal stability. Then, the dielectric properties of SR/MWCNT nanocomposites were investigated in order to understand MWCNT’s potential as a piezoelectric sensor. The electric modulus, dielectric constant and dielectric loss of SR/MWCNT nanocomposites have been studied at a variety of frequencies (up to 100 kHz) and temperatures (up to 40°C). A comparative study has been analysed the dielectric behaviours between SR and SR/MWCNTs nanocomposites under variant mechanical deformation samples (virgin and compressed). Physical and dielectric characteristics of nanocomposites were dramatically improved as the multiwalled carbon nanotubes loading was add and better than pure blend films. The nanocomposites films had good physical applications, suggesting that they could be a viable alternative to piezoelectric sensors. As a final point, it has been demonstrated that there is an effectively controlled in dielectric parameters of silicone rubber by using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWC-NTs) within the existing mechanical forces on the long life time for piezoelectric sensors applications.

Modification of the Se/MoOx Rear Interface for Efficient Wide-Band-Gap Trigonal Selenium Solar Cells.

Trigonal selenium (t-Se) is a promising wide-band-gap photovoltaic material with a high absorption coefficient, abundant resources, simple composition, nontoxicity, and a low melting point, making it suitable for absorbers in advanced indoor and tandem photovoltaic applications. However, severe electrical losses at the rear interface of the t-Se absorber, caused by work function and lattice mismatches, limit the voltage output and overall performance. In this study, a strategy to enhance carrier transport and collection by modifying interfacial chemical interactions is proposed. By applying a controlled heat process during the deposition of the MoOx hole transport layer, a chemical interaction at the t-Se/MoOx interface can be facilitated. This results in the formation of an interfacial MoSex layer, leading to improved valence band alignment and reduced barrier and recombination losses. As a result, the performance of t-Se thin-film solar cells is improved compared to those without the heating process.

Characterizing heterogeneities in the subsurface with an ultra-wideband GPR: Application to WISDOM, the GPR of the Rosalind Franklin ExoMars mission

Ultra-wideband Ground Penetrating Radars (GPR) are sensitive to a large range of scatterer sizes. Considering fractal heterogeneities in the subsurface, we propose a method to retrieve their typical size L. The determination of L with this method does not require a priori knowledge of the statistical distribution of permittivity values in the investigated subsurface. The method relies on the analysis of the backscattered signal by frequency/wavelength sub-bands. It is adapted to WISDOM, the GPR onboard the rover of the Rosalind Franklin ExoMars mission (ESA), but can be applied to any ultra-wideband GPR. Based on numerical simulations, a maximum in volume backscattering is reached at the wavelength (in the subsurface) . We demonstrate that this maximum, and therefore L, can be identified even in presence of moderate electrical losses, compatible with conditions expected on the Moon or Mars. Assuming an average permittivity of 5, WISDOM (0.5-3 GHz) data products could be used to estimate L as long as it is in the range 0.9-4.2 cm The retrieval method for L is validated on experimental WISDOM data acquired in a controlled environment.

Optimal active and reactive power dispatch in the presence of wind farms using voltage indicators and metaheuristic methods

Wind power plants penetration into power grids has grown considerably due to the fact of being cheap and clean. As a result, many countries require that the wind turbines must be capable of offering ancillary services such as reactive power control and voltage regulation. Furthermore, some voltage stability indices rely on both reactive and active power; consequently, it is useful to take also into account the active power during the planning stage so as to fulfil the load requirement and to enhance the voltage stability. The present study intends to present an optimization algorithm permitting to diminish the electrical losses and enhance the voltage profile by getting the fittest allocation of active power production of traditional generators and wind power plants. Besides, wind farms reactive power injection is determined. To verify the proposed algorithm, a 40 MW wind farm (WF) made up of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and the 14 IEEE bus system are used. In the case study, three different metaheuristic methods are used to resolve the objective function. Finally, the simulation results are reported.

Optimization of distribution network mode by voltage under modern conditions

The article examines a fragment of a real distribution electrical network with a voltage level of 35–110 kV, consisting of a closed-loop 110 kV network with 35 kV branches. Real technical parameters of transformers installed at load nodes and the characteristics of power line conductors were used. The analysis took into account the actual load values, considering the operation of alternative energy sources connected to each node. Under the influence of these factors, some load nodes transform into generator nodes. A calculated equivalent circuit of this network was obtained, considering both longitudinal and transverse parameters. The calculation algorithm used for analyzing the operating modes of the electrical network is described. Numerical calculations of the normal operating modes of the network were performed using a simulation program, enabling the study of the impact of voltage regulation on electrical energy losses. Specifically, the study examined how changes in the voltage level at the base and balancing nodes of the 110 kV network affect the steady-state normal operation of the entire network. The research includes a comparative analysis of energy losses for different components: active and reactive power. This approach allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the influence of voltage regulation measures on energy losses. Based on the performed calculations, the quantitative and qualitative impact of increasing voltage levels at the base node on reducing energy losses across the entire network was determined. Thus, a conclusion was made about the potential for optimizing the operating mode of the electrical network through voltage regulation.

ANALYSIS OF SYMMETRICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC APPARATUS FOR THREE-PHASE ZERO-WIRE NETWORKS

The most common problems of electricity quality in 0.4 kV power transmission lines are voltage deviations and voltage asymmetry, which are clearly manifested at the end sections of long lines with uneven distribution of consumers by phases. The technical means of solving these problems include devices for the uniform distribution of 1-phase consumers across the phases of a 3-phase network based on electromechanical relays, static semiconductor devices and electromagnetic devices. The purpose of the article is to analyze the operation of a symmetrical electromagnetic apparatus consisting of one three-phase winding located on a common magnetic conductor. The scientific novelty consists in determining the operating conditions of a symmetrical electromagnetic apparatus, obtaining qualitative and quantitative characteristics of its operation. The materials and methods. The object of the research is a static electromagnetic apparatus that exhibits properties of voltage and current symmetry when connected to a three-phase unbalanced electric network. The methods of theoretical electrical engineering are used, in particular, the method of symmetric components, including generally accepted methods of analyzing electromagnetic processes in electric machines, methods of mathematical and computer modeling, analysis and generalization. The accepted assumptions are: sinusoidal voltages and currents; the linearity of the magnetization curve of the magnetic core material and the absence of electrical and magnetic losses in the electromagnetic apparatus. The results of the study. It is established that the effect of equalizing currents in the line and voltage symmetry when connecting an electromagnetic device containing one three-phase winding on a common magnetic circuit occurs in the case of simultaneous fulfillment of the conditions: a) the use of a three-phase magnetic circuit in which the zero-sequence magnetic flux cannot be closed in the magnetic circuit; b) connections of transformer windings according to a scheme that allows the flow of zero-sequence currents in linear conductors. The models of the 0.4 kV line with concentrated and distributed load are considered. It is shown that with an asymmetric load, the SEA currents acquire a component of zero sequence, and the linear currents are aligned compared to the load currents. The coefficient of voltage asymmetry of the zero sequence decreases practically to zero, the reverse sequence practically does not change. The effect of voltage symmetry when connecting the SEA occurs both before and after the place of its installation. A decrease in the total losses of electrical energy in the line due to the equalization of currents is demonstrated. Conclusions. An electromagnetic device containing one three-phase winding on a common magnetic circuit has the effect of balancing the voltages and currents of a three-phase power line with a zero wire, if the design of the magnetic wire does not allow the possibility of closing the magnetic flux of zero sequence within its limits, and the winding connection circuit contains a neutral outlet connected to the zero wire of the network, through which zero-sequence currents can flow. The action of the considered electromagnetic apparatus manifests itself in equalizing the line currents in magnitude and, as a result, in reducing the total losses in it. The electromagnetic device symmetrizes the voltages before and after the place of its installation, the greatest effect is manifested when placing the proposed electromagnetic device at the end of the line or at the connection point of the most powerful consumer.

Improvement of the methodology for assessing power losses in in-plant power grids

To improve the reliability of calculations of electric power losses in low-voltage electric networks, it is necessary to take into account the influence of the main parameters of electrical equipment. In the course of the study, a structural diagram and an algorithm for determining the equivalent resistance of the section of the shop network have been proposed; the main factors determining the equivalent resistance of the circuit (resistance of low-voltage switching devices, heating temperature of conductors, ambient temperature, equipment load factor) have been identified; graphical dependencies of the change in the equivalent resistance of the radial and trunk sections of the circuit on the mean square equipment load factor and the heating temperature of conductors have been shown. The total error in estimating the equivalent resistance when calculating without taking into account the main studied parameters of equipment for radial, trunk and mixed circuits is 40 % or more. The error in the results of calculations without taking into account the resistance of contact connections of switching devices can reach 80 %. The obtained dependencies of the equivalent resistance on the main parameters of the equipment are recommended for use to improve the reliability of estimating electric power losses in intra-plant electric networks.

A Three‐Tiered Golf Anode towards Ultralong‐Life Zn‐Mn Aqueous Batteries

Zn‐Mn aqueous batteries (ZMABs) are widely recognized as a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage due to their cost‐effectiveness, high safety and environmental friendliness. However, the practical application of ZMABs is hindered by inherent electrical contact loss, hydrogen evolution and dendrite growth on traditional anodes. Here, a three‐tiered golf anode with high conductivity is developed to simultaneously enhance the reversibility of Zn and Mn metals. The three‐tiered golf anode is achieved by inner zinc powder, intermediate carbon and outer bismuth layer, which can effectively enhance the Gibbs free energy and mitigate the volume change of the anode, thus enabling stable Zn‐Mn cycling. As a proof of concept, Zn‐Mn full cells (coupled to CNT@MnO2) achieve an ultralong cycle life with 94.6% capacity retention at 2 A g−1 after 16,000 cycles. This study presents valuable insights into the structural design of anodes aimed at enhancing the stability and durability of ZMABs.

A Three-Tiered Golf Anode towards Ultralong-Life Zn-Mn Aqueous Batteries.

Zn-Mn aqueous batteries (ZMABs) are widely recognized as a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness, high safety and environmental friendliness. However, the practical application of ZMABs is hindered by inherent electrical contact loss, hydrogen evolution and dendrite growth on traditional anodes. Here, a three-tiered golf anode with high conductivity is developed to simultaneously enhance the reversibility of Zn and Mn metals. The three-tiered golf anode is achieved by inner zinc powder, intermediate carbon and outer bismuth layer, which can effectively enhance the Gibbs free energy and mitigate the volume change of the anode, thus enabling stable Zn-Mn cycling. As a proof of concept, Zn-Mn full cells (coupled to CNT@MnO2) achieve an ultralong cycle life with 94.6% capacity retention at 2 A g-1 after 16,000 cycles. This study presents valuable insights into the structural design of anodes aimed at enhancing the stability and durability of ZMABs.

Practical Approach to Enhance Energy Resilience in Manufacturing Facilities

ABSTRACTBoth developed and developing countries are affected by the global energy problem. Over the last few decades, the industrial sector's electrical energy demand has grown exponentially, altering the supply‐and‐demand balance. The trend toward Industry 4.0 compliant production facilities necessitates a greater demand for high‐reliability power. Because severe production losses caused by power outages cannot be tolerated, an increasing number of large vital industrial processes integrate centralized high‐quality, online UPS technology onto their network to establish a grid‐to‐load link and continuously condition dirty electricity from the national grid. These facilities distribute electrical power using either an MV or LV system. Based on the integration design, investigating ways to quantify energy efficiency savings of MV versus LV UPS system is required. This paper proposes strategic and technical interventions for these systems and assesses their electrical losses and budgetary ramifications. The paper also aims to contribute to the implementation of an energy efficiency plan and help facilities close power efficiency gaps. From the results obtained, the MV UPS system offers a significant reduction in energy consumption. Compared to the LV UPS system, annual energy losses are reduced by 46% at a load factor of 65%. A significant energy improvement is expected at higher load factors and in larger facilities where longer distribution cables are used. Compared to the LV UPS system, MV UPS saves R221 509 per meter of cable length increase and R31 457 per percentage increase in load factor.

GPR68 Mediates Lung Endothelial Dysfunction Caused by Bacterial Inflammation and Tissue Acidification.

Tissue acidification resulting from dysregulated cellular bioenergetics accompanies various inflammatory states. GPR68, along with other members of proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors, responds to extracellular acidification and has been implicated in chronic inflammation-related diseases such as ischemia, cancer, and colitis. The present study examined the role of extracellular acidification on human pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) permeability and inflammatory status per se and investigated potential synergistic effects of acidosis on endothelial dysfunction caused by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Klebsiella pneumoniae). Results showed that medium acidification to pH 6.5 caused a delayed increase in EC permeability illustrated by a decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance and loss of continuous VE-cadherin immunostaining at cell junctions. Likewise, acidic pH induced endothelial inflammation reflected by increased mRNA and protein expression of EC adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, upregulated mRNA transcripts of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and CXCL5, and increased secretion of ICAM-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in culture medium monitored by ELISA. Among the GPCRs tested, acidic pH selectively increased mRNA and protein expression of GPR68, and only the GPR68-specific small molecule inhibitor OGM-8345 rescued acidosis-induced endothelial permeability and inflammation. Furthermore, acidic pH exacerbated LPS-induced endothelial permeability and inflammatory response in cultured lung macrovascular as well as microvascular endothelial cells. These effects were suppressed by OGM-8345 in both EC types. Altogether, these results suggest that GPR68 is a critical mediator of acidic pH-induced dysfunction of human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and mediates the augmenting effect of tissue acidification on LPS-induced endothelial cell injury.

INFLUENCE OF ANOMALOUS VALUES ON THE ACCURACY OF FORECASTING LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

The relevance of the study is determined by modern trends in managing the operation modes of distribution electrical networks using Smart Grid technologies, as well as the need to reduce the costs incurred by distribution system operators for purchasing electricity. Accurate load forecasting results at network nodes for different forecasting horizons are crucial for this purpose. Sudden changes in network topology can increase the errors in loss forecasts as a single time series, negatively impacting network management efficiency and increasing the costs of electricity procurement to cover losses. The study proposes using forecasting methods based on artificial neural networks for the calculation and prediction of electricity losses, along with a comparison of these methods. The calculations were performed using data from one of Ukraine's distribution system operators, and the test electrical network was adapted based on the CIGRE scheme for modeling electricity losses. Since the nodal load data contained gaps and anomalies, a two-step data analysis algorithm was employed using the DBSCAN clustering method for detection and correction. As a result of loss calculations based on cleaned data, the error was reduced threefold compared to calculations based on load factors. Applying data analysis methods and forecasting methods based on artificial neural networks significantly improves the accuracy of loss calculations and minimizes errors.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE STRUCTURE OF RURAL ELECTRIC NETWORKS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE AVAILABILITY OF RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

It is noted that although the share of renewable electricity sources continues to grow and develop rapidly, the industry still faces many challenges, including how to continue to reduce electricity losses and annualized costs, improve operation and maintenance efficiency, maintain grid stability, ensure safety and reliability of the power supply system containing renewable sources of electrical energy. It is shown that an effective solution to these problems is possible only on the basis of the analysis of the prospects for the development of local electric power systems that contain renewable sources of electric energy, the development of technical and organizational support mechanisms that will contribute to the construction of modern system (schematic) solutions. It is proposed to apply the potential surface method for building the optimal structure of the rural electrical network during its design and modernization in the presence of renewable sources of electrical energy, which allows optimizing the structure of the network from the point of view of electrical energy losses and reducing annualized costs. The algorithm for forming the structure of power supply systems is described, which implements the simultaneous solution of the tasks of determining the number of load nodes, distributing electrical receivers between them, determining the design of power sources,taking into account the discreteness of the design of system elements. The results of numerical modeling based on the proposed algorithm are presented on the example of solving the problem of reconstruction of a section of the rural electricity network.

Curvature-Specific Coupling Electrode Design for a Stretchable Three-Dimensional Inorganic Piezoelectric Nanogenerator.

Structures such as 3D buckling have been widely used to impart stretchability to devices. However, these structures have limitations when applied to piezoelectric devices due to the uneven distribution of internal strain during deformation. When strains with opposite directions simultaneously affect piezoelectric materials, the electric output can decrease due to cancellation. Here, we report an electrode design tailored to the direction of strain and a circuit configuration that prevents electric output cancellation. These designs not only provide stretchability to piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) but also effectively minimize electric output loss, achieving stretchable PENGs with minimal energy loss. These improvements were demonstrated using an inorganic piezoelectric material (PZT thin film) with a high piezoelectric coefficient, achieving a substantial maximum output power of 8.34 mW/cm3. Theoretical modeling of the coupling between mechanical and electrical properties demonstrates the dynamics of energy harvesting, emphasizing the electrode design. In vitro and in vivo experiments validate the device's effectiveness in biomechanical energy harvesting. These results represent a significant advancement in stretchable PENGs, offering robust and efficient solutions for wearable electronics and biomedical devices.

Optimization algorithm of power system line loss management using big data analytics

As global energy demand continues to rise and renewable energy sources develop rapidly, the operational efficiency and stability of power systems have emerged as primary challenges in energy management. Line loss within these systems is a critical factor for both energy efficiency and economic performance. This study leverages an electric energy data management platform that facilitates the sharing of archival information, the development of line loss calculation models, and the automated computation of electricity and line loss formulas. This ensures accurate and real-time calculations of line losses in the power grid, supporting multi-time scale analyses and providing timely, comprehensive data for effective line loss management. The platform utilizes theoretical line loss values to identify anomalies, which are categorized into five types: topological relationships, archival information, data collection, electricity metering, and consumption behavior. In response to the abnormal monthly power imbalance rate of 220 kV and 110 KV stations, and the − 3.684% exceeding the − 1% assessment limit, the designed line loss management system service layer does not need to go deep into the bottom layer of the power system. It hides the complexity of the power grid through middleware and provides data, application, and security services.

Key factors enhancing the electrical properties of nanofluids. A mini-review of the applications in the energy-related sectors

The article presents a mini-review of key factors significantly affecting the electrical properties of nanofluids. One-step and two-step approaches, together with examples of vacuum sputtering-based techniques, chemical reduction, and mechanical mixing techniques, were explained. The crucial factors enhancing the electric and dielectric responses, such as nanofiller concentration, its type, geometry, uniformity of distribution in the base liquid as well as the base liquid’s type, temperature, chemical stability, etc., were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the impact of the parameters on electrical conductivity, permittivity, and dielectric losses. The selected models for nanofluid’s conductivity prediction have been presented. The potential and implemented applications of nanofluids in the energy-related industry branches with reference to their electrical properties have been reviewed. Examples of applications in power transformers, solar cell production processes, nanoelectrofuel flow batteries, and other electrotechnologies have been analyzed.

Investigation of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Ni-Co and MWCNT Nanocomposites.

In recent years, severe electromagnetic interference among electronic devices has been caused by the unprecedented growth of communication systems. Therefore, microwave absorbing materials are required to relieve these problems by absorbing the unwanted microwave. In the design of microwave absorbers, magnetic nanomaterials have to be used as fine particles dispersed in an insulating matrix. Besides the intrinsic properties of these materials, the structure and morphology are also crucial to the microwave absorption performance of the composite. In this study, Ni-Co- MWCNT composites were synthesized, and the changes in electric permittivity, magnetic permeability, and reflectance loss of the samples were evaluated at frequencies of 2 to 18 GHz. Nickel-Cobalt-Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) composites were successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation chemical method. The structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of the samples were characterized and investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The results revealed that the Ni-Co-MWCNT composite has the highest electromagnetic wave absorption rate with a reflectance loss of -70.22 dB at a frequency of 10.12 GHz with a thickness of 1.8 mm. The adequate absorption bandwidth (RL <-10 dB) was 6.9 GHz at the high-frequency region, exhibiting excellent microwave absorbing properties as a good microwave absorber patent. Based on this study, it can be argued that the Ni-Co-MWCNT composite can be a good candidate for making light absorbers of radar waves at frequencies 2- 18 GHz.

LOSSES OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY DUE TO ITS LOW QUALITY AT PUMPING STATIONS OF HEATING NETWORK ENTERPRISES

The issue of increasing the reliability of the facilities in the energy system of Ukraine is considered. It is noted that Ukraine lacks sources of electric energy as a result of hostile actions. In addition, the level of electric energy losses is very noticeable. Even according to pre-war statistics, the level of losses exceeded 10 % of all energy produced. And this was a consequence of the wear and tear of both electrical equipment and insufficient quality of electric energy. And as a result of hostile actions, the destruction of energy equipment led to an even worse decrease in the parameters of the quality of electricity. The priority is to maintain the operability of the energy system, while quality indicators are relegated to the second place. For most electricity-consuming equipment, deterioration in the quality of electricity can have a multiplier effect. Manifesting itself as a sharp increase in losses. For enterprises whose work provides for the vital needs of the population, the quality of electric energy is not a criterion. The main goal is to maintain operability. Such enterprises also include enterprises of heating networks. Almost all devices and equipment of heating companies operate on electricity. Forced movement of the coolant in the network is created only by electric pumps receiving torque from asynchronous electric motors. Such motors are characterized by increased losses of electrical energy if its quality is poor. Measurements of the quality of electrical energy were made at two different heat supply enterprises. The article presents the results of the measurements. Despite the fact that the heat supply enterprises are very different (the first serves more than 30 thousand residents, the second – more than 8 thousand residents), the results of the measurements show the affinity of problems with the quality of electrical energy. The overwhelming majority of electrical energy quality indicators do not meet the requirements for the quality of electrical energy. The most critical deviations are in the values of average voltage and average positive sequence voltage, which may not meet the standard in 100 measurements out of 100. The deviation of the voltage asymmetry coefficient for zero sequence also exceeds the standard values. The authors draw attention to the presence of a deviation of the average coefficient of the n-th harmonic component of voltage in all phases. The specificity of the operation of heat supply enterprises' equipment is that their operating modes are continuous throughout the entire heating season. And losses in the network can accumulate. In addition, one of the consequences of using low-quality electricity is a reduction in the service life of electrical equipment. The authors propose general methods for correcting the situation and emphasize the need to conduct a study of electrical equipment of heat supply enterprises in order to develop measures to improve their operation and reduce energy losses.

Analysis of the Impact of Photovoltaic Generation on the Level of Energy Losses in a Low-Voltage Network

Due to the dynamic development of energy generation in photovoltaic installations, a reliable assessment of their impact on the level of energy losses in distribution networks is needed. For energy companies managing network resources, this issue has a very tangible practical aspect. Therefore, ongoing analyses of the level of electricity losses based on actual measurement data of prosumers are needed. In the paper, the influence of energy introduced by prosumer photovoltaic installations on energy losses in a low-voltage radial line is investigated. The issue is examined from three perspectives: 1. Focused on energy supplied into the low-voltage grid from photovoltaic installations; 2. the installations’ locations; and 3. the product of energy and distance from the power source. Comparative assessments are made of the examined aspects for 87 possible locations of prosumer installations in the tested low-voltage network. An analysis of energy losses is carried out both for the entire analysed network and separately for the line and the transformer. The changes in energy losses are influenced by both the power and the location of the photovoltaic installations. Based on the research findings, functions defining relative changes in energy losses in the low-voltage network are determined.

On the issue of reliability of power transmission (on the example of the branch of PJSC Rosseti Volga – Penzaenergo)

The article is a continuation of a series of publications focusing on the analytical assessment of specifics of power transmission in various structural divisions of PJSC Rosseti and is dedicated to the consideration of specific features of electric energy transport in the PJSC Rosseti Volga – Penzaenergo branch electric networks over the period of 2018 – 2023. The characteristic of the structural and balance state of the company's electrical networks for the period under study is presented. Based on the data published in the open press, the analysis of the number of emergency shutdowns and their consequences in electric networks of all levels of rated voltage was carried out. In accordance with the accepted classification, the intensity of these outages was analyzed depending on the amount of electrical energy undersupplied to consumers. The percentage ratio of the value of electrical energy not delivered as a result of emergency shutdowns is analyzed according to the accepted criteria of the intensity level of these failures. It was found that the smallest number of failures of extreme intensity accounts for more than 25% of undelivered electrical energy. The percentage ratio of the amount of electricity not delivered as a result of emergency outages is compared with losses of electricity as a result of unauthorized connections. Specific groups of causes of emergency shutdowns have been identified and the percentage ratio of the number of failures due to these causes to the total number of failures during the period under study has been determined. General scientific methods and methods of numerical analysis were used in the study. The technologies of Excel, Paint 3D software shells, MATLAB graphics editor, as well as author's software solutions were used as a tool base. The results obtained may be of interest to the management of the power grid structures of the Russian Federation, as well as to engineers and researchers engaged in research in the field of improving the reliability of power supply to consumers.