Electric Energy Services Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE NEW ELECTRICITY MARKET ON LEVELING THE LOAD SCHEDULE OF THE UNIFIED ENERGY SYSTEM OF UKRAINE


 
 
 The article discusses methods of regulating the power consumption regime of the schedule of the unified energy system of Ukraine, which can reduce the irregularity load schedule by using stimulating tariffs for electricity charges. A scheme of the equipment operation principle is shown, which can operate in a mode of consumer-power regulator according to the criterion of reducing electricity charges for industrial enterprises. The result of the energy reform in Ukraine led to the rejection of differentiated electricity tariffs, and the transition to market relations between enterprises that are consumers of electric energy and energy service companies that are responsible for working in the electric energy market. The objective of the article is to demonstrate the practical formation of prices for enterprises and the work of electricity suppliers, which boils down to the ongoing planning of hourly volumes for consumers of electricity and the timely purchase of the said volumes in different segments of the electricity market The aim of the article is to demonstrate the formation of prices for enterprises. The work of energy service companies, which consists in the constant planning of hourly volumes of consumers of electric energy and the timely purchase of these volumes in different segments of the electric energy market. The problem of this formation is that enterprises do not have an incentive to regulating the schedule of the unified energy system of Ukraine, as the new tariffs do not differ in terms of electricity consumption in intraday and а reducе in electricity consumption by the enterprise during peak hours. The authors propose measures that are aimed at solving this problem. The proposed measures are mainly aimed at changes in the day-ahead electricity market, which will entail changes in its other segments.
 
 

Reforms of Russia’s Electric Power Industry Within the Context of the Development of Energy Law

ABSTRACT This article looks at the genesis of the power supply doctrine used as a source of energy law. It establishes that specific historical conditions and, mainly, the technology used to generate and transmit electrical power determine society’s relationship to the physical form of electric power and energy services. On the basis of extensive historical material and comparative analysis, it tracks civil understanding of the legal regimens instituted for supply of electric power in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, modern Russia, and industrially developed countries. It concludes that modern technologies promote liberalization of the power industry and support creation of market competition between energy suppliers.

Research on Electricity Market Transaction Model under the Background of Big Data

With the advancement of electricity market reform and the influence of new entities, electricity market transactions have formed a diversified development trend, which puts forward higher requirements for transaction technology support systems. In the trading market a few days ago, power producers participated in the bidding of electricity generation. The trading center gave the optimal trading plan and settlement price under the condition of satisfying the safety constraints of the power grid according to the published competitive load curve and the declared data of power generation companies. The commodities traded in the electricity market are electric energy and various services necessary for the realization of electric energy trading, so the trading in the electricity market is very different from the traditional generation plan. Only by establishing the bidding trading plan model of the trading center can the trading plan be carried out, thus forming the power purchase plan for the power generation company. This paper analyzes the basic sources and characteristics of big data in the power market, obtains the characteristic values of big data attributes of mutual benefit and win-win of both parties through the model, and realizes the visualization of transaction price.

Research and Analysis on the Training of Standardization of Customer Service in Power Enterprises Based on the Background of Linguistics

Electric power enterprises are an important part of the national economy and a bridge connecting electric energy services with the public. Electric power enterprises provide high-quality electric power services for the majority of residents. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt standardized terms. Service standardization is a powerful guarantee for the service operation of electric power enterprises, improving the efficiency of service services of electric power enterprises, and improving public satisfaction. The use of standardized language in the process of customer service is an effective measure for enterprises to improve economic efficiency, and it is also an important means of internal standardization management. Therefore, enterprises attach great importance to standardization work and continuously improve the standardization management level of enterprises. It is very necessary to standardize the basis for promoting technological progress, improving product quality, service quality and engineering quality of enterprises, and is an effective means for enterprises to improve operational efficiency. An important tool for enterprises to achieve scientific management. The establishment of customer service standardization terms requires the specification of standardized terms in the context of linguistics to lay a good foundation for better customer service.

Towards sustainable consumption: Predicting the impact of social‐psychological factors on energy conservation intentions in Northern Cyprus

The incessant demand and consumption of energy services among individuals’ is increasing throughout the world. Individuals’ electricity consumption in Northern Cyprus has risen considerably. However, the demand for electrical energy services on the island is heavily reliant on imported fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels has adverse effects on its environment. Therefore, sustainable energy consumption is required and individuals are targeted for energy conservation to reduce electricity consumption. Against this background, using the Structural Equation Modeling approach, this research incorporates social‐psychological factors; personal norms, positive and negative emotions into the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model to assess the relationships among the variables, explain their impact on consumers’ electricity conservation intentions and enhance the explanatory power of the model. Data was conveniently obtained from a quantitative sample of 400 electricity consumers. The results indicate that negative emotions have the strongest significant influence on intentions, but personal norms have the least effect on intentions to save electricity. Furthermore, the study revealed that our expanded TPB model can provide improved explanatory power more than the original TPB. Policy implications, limitations and future research are discussed.

Design and Analysis of Technical Economics of Off-grid Systems Solar Power Plant Using Homer at Cemara Island, Brebes Regency

Cemara Island is a coastal tourism area that has not been electrified and this problem becomes an obstacle for local residents to use electrical energy services. The impact of the absence of facilities in the form of electrical installations is that coastal tourism activities are not optimal. These Photovoltaic technologies may convert solar energy into electrical energy through photovoltaic effects. For this reason, The Solar power plant can be the solution to the problems in Cemara Island. However, technical and economic analysis is needed. From the result of solar system design calculation, it was obtained the number of solar panel capacity is 8x150Wp, solar charge controller of 40A, 4 units of battery with 100Ah specifications, and 2000W of the inverter. By using Homer, it can be seen that the amount of power produced by solar panels is 1746kWh/year. With an initial investment of $3745, in the scenario of using interest at 6%, the net present cost is $6534, the cost of energy value is $1,06/kWh, and BEP occurring at 11th year. Then in the scenario without using interest, the net present cost value is $8848, the value of cost of energy is $0.755/kWh and BEP occurring at 25th year.

Research on Liquid Metal Energy Storage Battery Equalization Management System in Power PSS

Power Product-Service Systems(PSS) combines industrial electric products, such as new energy supplier, with electric energy services. Batteries that is a new energy supplier are widely used in smoothing power fluctuation to improve power product service. A new kind of battery, liquid metal battery (LMB) is studied in this paper. First, the charge and discharge characteristics of a single LMB and LMB series are studied, and the voltage curves of of LMB series with and without equalization are compared. Then, an equalization managing system is designed according to the series characteristics of LMB. This system is simulated and analyzed in PSPICE to verify the feasibility of equalization module. Finally, a testing platform is built to evaluate the equalization managing system. The results show that the realative error of the acquisition module for DC voltage measurement meets the requirements, which means this system has a good equalization function and significantly improve the power Product-Service Systems efficiency.

Passive Filter Design for Improving Quality of Solar Power

With the progress of industry, power electronic equipment is widely used in power system, it has produced serious harmonic distortion. It goes without saying that harmonic analysis is a very important subject in power system. The influence of harmonics dominant because it is permanent. This harmonic influence spread to energy systems, energy devices, and influential to the energy source. For that, it is necessary a tool that is able to overcome these problems so that the electric energy services are not compromised and the reliability was not reduced. This study how to harmonic analysis, total harmonic distortion, and identifying the inverter at a solar power plant 320WP in accordance with the IEEE 519-2014.

What Will Make Energy Systems Sustainable?

Despite the success of the German Energiewende in increasing the production of electricity from renewables and the positive global spillover effects of renewable technologies, one of the lessons learned is the insight that simply shifting to renewables and recommending improving energy efficiency is not sufficient to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Combined with the expected radical change of technologies, this requires a more profound understanding of our energy systems. Therefore, in contrast to many conventional energy economy approaches, we propose a deepened structural analysis that covers the full energy value chain from the required functionalities for mechanical, thermal and specific electric energy services via application and transformation technologies up to primary energy. This deepened structural approach opens and substantially enhances our understanding of policy designs that are compatible with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. We discover the essential role of four energy grids, namely for electricity, heat, gas, and information as the key for integrating all components of a newly structured energy system. Consequently, we conclude that policy strategies focusing on individual components of an energy system like shifting to renewables may, from a comprehensive perspective on more sustainable energy systems, prove even counterproductive.

Liberalization at the Speed of Light: International Trade in Electricity and Interconnected Networks

Rapid technological advances are making it technically and economically feasible to transport electricity over longer distances irrespective of the size of the entity who generates it and consumes it, activating international obligations that had been previously dormant. In parallel, global energy priorities have drastically changed as a result of the Paris Agreement and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, whilst approximately 15% of the world's population still lacks access to electricity. As governments try to adapt to the new sectoral landscape, on the one hand, and attempt to fulfil the desperate need to improve access to electricity in the poorest regions of the world, on the other, attention must be paid to the international rules that govern electricity trade as governments may infringe such rules when pursuing those goals. This article seeks to provide a general legal framework for the study of electricity measures, including those that relate to renewable energy, as they pertain to international trade. To this end, two issues are discussed. First, the three-pillared structure that governs global electricity trade, i.e. a combination of multilateral, regional and sectoral agreements, as well as the complex relationship between these separate legal regimes. Secondly, it analyses World Trade Organization (WTO) law as it applies to the trade in electrical energy and electricity services, and expounds how the three-pillared structure identified adapts to electricity trade. While primarily an electricity-related manuscript, this article covers issues of relevance not only to trade in electricity but to international trade law in general, particularly in connection with industries where international sectoral agreements coexist with multilateral and regional trade rules, discussing issues that range from conflict of norms to fragmentation and legal convergence.

An Application of the Multiple Streams Framework to the Analysis of the Inclusion of Solar Energy in the Energy Mix in Paraguay

The energy debate is growing in Latin America in a context of increasing energy demands, due to higher economic growth, but the situation in Paraguay presents contradictions, mainly deficient electric energy service and an unsustainable energy mix in a country that produces a clean‐energy surplus. In 2014, the Paraguayan Vice Ministry of Mines and Energy introduced solar energy into the mix. This article seeks to answer two questions. First, what led to the conclusion that the energy mix is unsustainable, with solar energy viewed as the solution? Second, what other solutions were positively considered but decided against and why? In answering these questions, I use the theoretical approach of the Multiple Streams Framework as an instrument to analyze the agenda‐setting and decision‐making processes. This article concludes that a sum of indicators regarding energy supply shortage and increasing demand exerted serious pressure on the government to classify the current energy mix as unsustainable, but an attempt to reorganize the energy sector by creating a new Ministry of Energy, Mines and Hydrocarbons was abandoned because of political disinterest.

Communication Networking Schemes for Wide Area Electric Vehicle Energy Service Network

Electric vehicles (EVs) are an emerging type of mobile intelligent power consumption devices in Smart Grid as new green transport tools. In order to provide a powerful automation and intelligence support for wide area electric vehicles energy service network, we analyze the network infrastructure and communications demands of various terminals, devices and monitoring systems distributed in wide area electric vehicle energy service network. According to interactive user services scenarios and energy operations intelligent monitoring, we propose multimode communication integration architecture for wide area electric vehicle energy service network by means of the fusion of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Then, we design different networking schemes in access networks and backbone transmission networks meeting multi-scene and multi-operation interaction requirements. The networking schemes will provide efficient technical support to implement intelligent, cross-regional, interactive energy services for electric vehicle users.

RFID-BASED Prepaid Power Meter

An Electric power meter is an important component in electric energy service. In the past, many consumers have complained about reading inaccurate of the electric meter. This research presents the development of an electrical power meter equipped with RFID reader. The RFID reader reads a valid RFID card and activates the power meter so that it can supply electricity. When the credit is about low or before the electricity is auto cut off, an SMS message will be sent to the user’s handphone to alert.

The delivery of low-cost, low-carbon rural energy services

The provision of both electrical and mechanical energy services can play a critical role in poverty alleviation for the almost two billion rural users who currently lack access to electricity. Distributed generation using diesel generators remains a common means of electricity provision for rural communities throughout the world. Due to rising fuel costs, the need to address poverty, and consequences of global warming, it is necessary to develop cost efficient means of reducing fossil fuel consumption in isolated diesel microgrids. Based on a case study in Nicaragua, a set of demand and supply side measures are ordered by their annualized costs in order to approximate an energy supply curve. The curve highlights significant opportunities for reducing the costs of delivering energy services while also transitioning to a carbon-free electrical system. In particular, the study demonstrates the significant cost savings resulting from the implementation of conventional metering, efficient residential lighting, and electricity generation using renewable energy sources.

Coordinated Scheduling of Residential Distributed Energy Resources to Optimize Smart Home Energy Services

We describe algorithmic enhancements to a decision-support tool that residential consumers can utilize to optimize their acquisition of electrical energy services. The decision-support tool optimizes energy services provision by enabling end users to first assign values to desired energy services, and then scheduling their available distributed energy resources (DER) to maximize net benefits. We chose particle swarm optimization (PSO) to solve the corresponding optimization problem because of its straightforward implementation and demonstrated ability to generate near-optimal schedules within manageable computation times. We improve the basic formulation of cooperative PSO by introducing stochastic repulsion among the particles. The improved DER schedules are then used to investigate the potential consumer value added by coordinated DER scheduling. This is computed by comparing the end-user costs obtained with the enhanced algorithm simultaneously scheduling all DER, against the costs when each DER schedule is solved separately. This comparison enables the end users to determine whether their mix of energy service needs, available DER and electricity tariff arrangements might warrant solving the more complex coordinated scheduling problem, or instead, decomposing the problem into multiple simpler optimizations.

Development of the repair service system in territorial and united generating companies after completion of industry restructuring processes

New approaches for organizing repair services for the equipment of territorial and united generating companies under the conditions of a competitive market of electric energy and repair services are outlined.

Value-based distribution feeder automation planning

In a competitive electric energy market, service quality and reliability are two of the essential issues of the business. Distribution automation has been chosen by many utilities around the world as one of the most reliable measures for reducing outage time in their distribution networks. Considering network reliability data and the customer interruption costs, a value-based planning method is proposed in this paper to find the optimal numbers and locations of switches in feeder automation systems. The proposed method takes reliability costs, maintenance and investment costs into account to obtain a feeder automation plan that has a maximum benefit and a proper system reliability requirement. Three stages are involved in the search for optimal solution. Using minimum feeder data and assume equally distributed feeder loads, stage 1 gives initial estimates of reliability indices and costs, and benefit/cost ratios of different feeder automation options. To gain the maximum benefits from feeder automation with reasonable costs, results of stage 1 are used to select feeders with highest priorities for automations. Stage 2 determines the optimum locations of switches that minimize feeder outage costs, and in stage 3, the best locations for tie switches in the automated network are determined. Numerical processing procedure is described and the solution efficiency and results are compared with those obtained from a genetic algorithm.

APPLICATION OF MARKOV CHAIN MODELS FOR SHORT-TERM GENERATION ASSETS VALUATION

This paper valuates generation assets within deregulated electricity markets. A new framework for modeling electricity markets with a Markov chain model is proposed. The Markov chain model captures the fundamental economic forces underlying the electricity markets such as demand on electricity and supplied online generation capacity. Based on this new model, a real option analysis is adopted to valuate generation assets. The Markov chain model is combined with a binomial tree to approximate the stochastic movement of prices on both electric energy and ancillary services, which are driven by the market forces. A detailed example is presented. This method is shown to provide optimal operation policies and market values of generation assets. This method also provides means to analyze the impacts of demand growth patterns, competition strategies of competitors, and other key economic forces.

MIPS analysis of natural resource consumption in two university buildings

This article presents the findings of a study to investigate the scale and content of natural resource consumption in two Finnish university buildings, as well as the sensitivity of these calculations to the particular assumptions used. The calculations were made using the MIPS method. In the Physicum building, the main factors contributing to abiotic natural resource consumption were, in order of importance, use-phase electrical energy, mechanical and electrical services, rock excavation, the building's frame and use-phase heating. In the Viikki Info Centre building, the role of heating was less significant. Consumption of biotic natural resources was marginal. In both buildings the majority of water resource consumption was the result of use-phase electrical energy use. Air consumption was mainly the result of the building's heating and electricity use. For abiotic natural resource consumption, the calculations were most sensitive to a halving of the service life of the building. The consumption of water and air was strongly influenced by the type of power plant from which the building's energy sources originated. Reducing the natural resource consumption of a building is something that should be targeted right from the start, at the design stage. Since most of a building's natural resource use is attributable to just a few factors, the calculation and control activities should focus on these very factors, such as use-phase energy, earthworks, the building's frame and copper-containing mechanical and electrical services.

Optimal electricity price calculation model for retailers in a deregulated market

The electricity retailing, a new business in deregulated electric power systems, needs the development of efficient tools to optimize its operation. This paper defines a technical-economic model of an electric energy service provider in the environment of the deregulated electricity market in Spain. This model results in an optimization problem, for calculating the optimal electric power and energy selling prices that maximize the economic profits obtained by the provider. This problem is applied to different cases, where the impact on the profits of several factors, such as the price strategy, the discount on tariffs and the elasticity of customer demand functions, is studied.