Electric Cylinder Research Articles

Improved Primary Characteristic Basis Function Method for Monostatic Radar Cross Section Analysis of Specific Coordinate Plane

The characteristic basis function method using improved primary characteristic basis functions (IP-CBFM) has been proposed as a technique for high-precision analysis of monostatic radar cross section (RCS) of a scattering field in a specific coordinate plane. IP-CBFM is a method which reduces the number of CBF necessary to express a current distribution by combining secondary CBF calculated for each block of the scatterer with the primary CBF to form a single improved primary CBF (IP-CBF). When the proposed technique was evaluated by calculating the monostatic RCS of a perfect electric conductor plate and cylinder, it was found that solutions corresponding well with analysis results from conventional CBFM can be obtained from small-scale matrix equations.

Fabrication of a novel chromium-iron oxide (Cr2Fe6O12) nanoparticles by thermal treatment method

In this research,a novel chromium-iron oxide (Cr2Fe6O12) nanoparticle with rhombohedral symmetry was prepared by a simple thermal treatment method.Heat treatment was conducted using an electric cylinder furnace in an air atmosphere at temperatures between 773 and 923K, where the produced chromium-ironoxide nanoparticles had different crystallite sizes ranging from 9 to 20nm. The products were well characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray analysis (EDXA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The samples demonstrated a magnetic behavior with unpaired electron spins, which was confirmed by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.

Parameterized Analysis of 2-DOF Motion Platform Based on ADAMS

According to the functions of parametric modeling and analysis from ADAMS, this thesis was established a parametric simulation model in order to optimize the rated output power of electric cylinders according to the real field environment. First, the variable which could affect sensitivity of the output variables was chosen by the electric cylinder’s elongation which was obtained through loop vector method. Then this thesis tried to get the optimum optimization design parameters through the simulation, and the change of rated output power affected by the change of parameters, meanwhile, made a filter and calibration of parameters which have greater influence on sensibilities. The goal of design could meet the qualification with less work load and faster speed. It is concluded that the change of the location parameters affects the rated output power.

Developing Direct Seeding Cultivation Using an Air-Assisted Strip Seeder

We evaluated an air-assisted strip seeder, developed by the Hokuriku research center, in farmers’ fields for four years. Plantings using the seeder had more panicles and a higher yield than those using a shooting hill-seeder. The early growth of planting using the air-assisted strip seeder was promoted by increasing the rate of seedling establishment because the seeding depth of plantings using the air-assisted strip seeder was shallower than that of plantings using the shooting hill-seeder. Tillering in this planting was also promoted, which boosted the yield, while simultaneous seeding with fertilizer application using the air-assisted strip seeder was also compared with conventional practice over two years in a field at the Hokuriku research center. During simultaneous seeding with fertilizer application, the rate of seedling establishment was equivalent to that in conventional practice. After seedling establishment, growth and yields in the simultaneous seeding with fertilizer application were equivalent to or exceeded those in conventional practice. Discipline: Crop production Additional key words: rice, seeding depth, seedling establishment, simultaneous seeding with fertilizer application, yield *Corresponding author: e-mail furuhata@ affrc.go.jp Received 26 February 2014; accepted 3 September 2014. Introduction The Hokuriku research center has developed an air-assisted strip seeder (Chosa et al. 2009b, Fig. 1.) The seeding base width of the seeder is 10 m (base width of one side is 5 m.) The blower of the seeder conveys seeds to the injection ports; powered by the PTO of the tractor and can deposit seeds in rows with interval spacing of 30 cm. The effective field capacity is 2 ha/h, assuming a base speed of 0.8 m s-1 and field efficiency of 70%. Because the seeder allows planting of large fields, its technology may promote labor-saving and low-cost technologies for direct seeding culture in the near future. In the mechanical transplanting method, a labor-saving technology for rice planting, involving the application of fertilizer or pesticide has already been developed, while in direct seeding culture, systematized techniques, such as seeding with fertilization or pesticide application, have also been introduced. In cultures using a shooting hill-seeder (Togashi et al. 2001a) and coated urea, technology simultaneously seeded with fertilizer application has been reported (Yoshinaga et al. 1997, Morita et al. 2005, Furuhata et al. 2006) In this technology, a decreased seedling emergence rate and delay in early growth was observed, compared with fertilizer incorporation into the plow layer (Furuhata et al. 2006) Furthermore, the runoff of nitrogen from the soil surface following basal dressing containing quick-acting Base width (one side 5m) Injection port Interrow space (0.3m) Spray pipe Electric motor cylinder Blower Feed roll Hopper 1980mm PTO transmission system Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of air-assisted strip seeder

Research of Control Strategy in the Large Electric Cylinder Position Servo System

An ideal positioning response is very difficult to realize in the large electric cylinder system that is applied in missile launcher because of the presence of many nonlinear factors such as load disturbance, parameter variations, lost motion, and friction. This paper presents a piecewise control strategy based on the optimized positioning principle. The combined application of position interpolation method and modified incremental PID with dead band is proposed and applied into control system. The experimental result confirms that this combined control strategy is not only simple to be applied into high accuracy real-time control system but also significantly improves dynamic response, steady accuracy, and anti-interference performance, which has very important significance to improve the smooth control of the large electric cylinder.

Design and Simulation for New Type Pulley Straightening Machine Based on Pro/E

Pro/Engineer (Pro/E) was applied to design a new kind of motorcycle belt pulley straightening machine, which was composed of electric cylinder and stepper motor in this paper. The effect of positioning and correcting were achieved by the straightening machine during operation. The motion simulation for correcting key parts was done under mechanical module of the software. The mechanism motion speed and the motion trails of the straightening machine were acquired under different positioning accuracy. Through analysis on the motion trails, the best range of the correcting parts′ rotational speed can be optimized.

SUPERSONIC FLUTTER CONTROL OF AN ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUID-BASED SMART CIRCULAR CYLINDRICAL SHELL

In this paper, active flutter suppression of a simply supported circular sandwich cylindrical shell with a tunable electrorheological fluid (ERF) core, under axial supersonic gas flow, is studied. The structural analysis is based on the classical thin shell theory, the ERF core is modeled as a first-order Kelvin–Voigt material, and the Krumhaar's modified supersonic piston theory is utilized to model the aerodynamic loading. Hamilton's principle is used to formulate the dynamic equations of motion together with the relevant boundary conditions. The generalized Fourier expansions in the circumferential and axial directions in conjunction with the classical Galerkin method are employed to set up the governing equations in the state-space domain. The critical free stream static pressures at which unstable oscillations arise are calculated for selected applied electric field strengths and cylinder length ratios. The Runge–Kutta time integration algorithm is used to determine the open-loop aeroelastic response of the system in two basic loading configurations, namely, a concentrated impulse point load and a sonic boom line load. Subsequently, a sliding mode control (SMC) strategy is adopted to actively suppress the closed loop system dynamic response in supersonic flight condition. Simulation results demonstrate performance and effectiveness of the adopted ERF-based SMC scheme. Limiting cases are considered and good agreements with the data available in the literature are obtained.

Research of Impact Load in Large Electrohydraulic Load Simulator

The stronger impact load will appear in the initial phase when the large electric cylinder is tested in the hardware-in-loop simulation. In this paper, the mathematical model is built based on AMESim, and then the reason of the impact load is investigated through analyzing the changing tendency of parameters in the simulation results. The inhibition methods of impact load are presented according to the structural invariability principle and applied to the actual system. The final experimental result indicates that the impact load is inhibited, which provides a good experimental condition for the electric cylinder and promotes the study of large load simulator.

Dry-Mixed Mortar Control System Based on Fieldbus and PLC

A design of dry-mixed mortar control system based on Fieldbus and PLC was introduced in this paper. A scheme of totally integrated automation, which includes S7-300 PLC, PROFIBUS-DP Fieldbus, touch panel and etc., was proposed. Firstly, control demands and process of this system were described; secondly, hardware configuration and software design were illustrated as well. By using large-scale PLC and field level network - PROFUBUS-DP, the motions of electric motor actuators or hydraulic cylinder actuators are running well, and all sections in the process flow, like hoist, well-distributed vibration, mixing, unloading, etc can all be implemented in time and in place. Though the actual running of the control system it has been proved that the fully integrated automation production of dry-mixed mortar can be thoroughly realized.

Dynamic Analysis of a 1T3R Parallel Stable Platform

Based on POC set theory and SOC unit, a 1T3R parallel stable platform is proposed. The Single cylinder force analysis is studied. Then uses Newton-Euler method, gives full consideration to these various factors: without neglecting the ball screw rotation, friction between the spherical joint, the mass and the moment of inertia of electric cylinders, based above the dynamic theoretical Analysis of the stable platform is researched. The paper makes the guide sense for the follow-up research and the application of the 1T3R mechanism.

Superparamagnetic magnesium ferrite nanoparticles fabricated by a simple, thermal-treatment method

This study investigated the synthesis of magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanoparticles with cubic symmetry that were prepared by a thermal-treatment method by using a solution that contained poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a capping agent and Mg and Fe nitrates as alternative sources of metal. Heat treatment was conducted using an electric cylinder furnace in an air atmosphere at temperatures between 673 and 973K, and magnesium ferrite nanoparticles were produced that had different crystallite sizes ranging from5 to 8nm. The products were well characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray analysis (EDXA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). All the samples calcined from 673 to 973K exhibited super paramagnetic behavior with unpaired electrons spins, which was confirmed by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.

Research on Optimization of the Electric Cylinder Buffer Made in Polyurethane

The buffer made with polyurethane is widely used in light industry, automotive industry and mechanical industry especially in the electric cylinder of small and medium sizes because of its compact structure, economics and process ability convenient. Firstly, the properties of nonlinear material and the constitutive relation of the polyurethane were analyzed, above on which the compression and shear tests of the polyurethane material were conducted to determine its physics parameters. Then the mechanical tests of polyurethane material were simulated in the finite element simulation software ABAQUS by input the parameters obtained from the mechanical tests. The parameters were proved to be correct by the testimony of the result of the simulation and the mechanical tests. Then buffers of different sizes with practical condition were simulated. During the simulation, this paper researched the maximum deceleration of the mass block in models with different sizes of polyurethane buffers. Lastly, the size of the buffer with minimum volume which is agreed with the request of the maximum deceleration of the mass block is obtained by data handling, above on which a database was built.

Kinematic Analysis of Tire Test Rig for Mechanical Properties

The test rig of the A-frame which is used more at home and abroad is carried out kinematic analysis. The offsets of slip angle,camber angle and the tire trace center are discovered when the test rig is in the composite posture of slip angle and camber angle. The offset formula is deduced by the method of space analytic geometry based on the tire coordinate system defined in ISO.The results showed that each offset can't be ignored in a large complex attitude angle. In order to effectively solve the phenomenon,a novel structure of six degrees of freedom(DOF) tire test rig is proposed. The length of six electric cylinders is calculated when the new test rig is in different postures by the Euler angles of rotation method. The control precision of attitude angle of the tire is analyzed and six DOF platform electric cylinders are space rearranged. The results showed that each physical quantity is with no offset when the new structure six DOF tire test rig is in the composite posture and the tire posture can be arbitrarily controlled. As the same time,a new program of six power cylinder arrangement improves the control precision of tire attitude angle.

The Inverse Kinematics Analysis of 3-RPS DOF Parallel Mechanism

In the paper, by analysing the inverse kinematics of the 3-RPS DOF parallel mechanism, establish the calculation equation between rotation angles and reference point position vector, deduce the length formula of each electric cylinder. With the help of MATLAB, calculating the corresponding rotation angles of the arbitrary reference point and the length of each electric cylinder, which is within the motion of the platform, then getting the kinematic posture, which proved to be correct and feasible.

Design System and Simulation Control of the 6-DOF Parallel Manipulator

In this paper presents the design system and simulation control of the 6-DOF parallel manipulator. The moveable platform supported by the six electrical cylinder. The mechanic component and kinematics model are explained, dynamics model using Lagrangian equation and computer model of Joint space control scheme using Simulink and the 6-DOF parallel manipulator systems are show in this paper.

Plane wave scattering by a circular PEMC cylinder coated with anisotropic media

Analytical solution of plane wave scattering by a circular PEMC (Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor) cylinder coated with anisotropic media was presented in this article. When referred to principal axes (ρ, ϕ,z) in the anisotropic region, both permittivity and permeability tensors were biaxial and diagonal; so, the radial Eigen-functions were complex ordered Bessel's functions. The monostatic and bistatic scattering cross-sections of a PEMC cylinder coated with both of anisotropic DPS (double-positive) medium with positive values of relative permittivity and elements of permeability tensors and anisotropic DNG (double-negative) metamaterial with negative values of relative permittivity and permeability elements of tensors were calculated. The validity of the presented relations was achieved by comparing the results of specific cases of isotropic coated cylinder and anisotropic coated perfect electric conductor cylinder with those of previously published methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2013.

Control System Design and Research of Parallel Ship Motion Simulator

According to the design complexity due to the diversification of ship motion simulator structure and control system, we put forward that combining Stewart parallel structure based on modular design with open control system based on EMC2 controller. The system utilizes PC based on the hardware structure such as motion control interface card, servo electric cylinder and software structure such as real-time operation system UBUNTU and professional control software EMC2 which can ensure the system’s being real-time. We have studied the movement law of ship in waves and obtained the ship movement sample changing with time in waves. And we do the ship motion simulation well with the motion simulator system.

Thermal analysis of including phase change material in a domestic hot water cylinder

The domestic electrical hot water cylinder used in this paper incorporates encapsulated phase change material (PCM) placed in 57 vertical pipes. The use of PCM increases the thermal energy storage capacity of the cylinder and allows the use of low cost electricity during low peak periods. The operational mode of the system is based on heating the water and melting the phase change material during night. After first discharge of hot water, the phase change material will transfer heat to the recently introduced cold water and increase its temperature without using electricity. The already measured experimental data prove the efficiency of the use of PCM in these systems and are used to validate a developed code for numerical simulation using finite volume method. Following model validation a parametrical study was carried out to optimize the PCM distribution inside the hot water cylinder.

Predictive position and force control for shape memory alloy cylinders

In this paper, a linear lightweight electric cylinder constructed using shape memory alloy (SMA) is proposed. Spring SMA is used as the actuator to control the position and force of the cylinder rod. The model predictive control algorithm is investigated to compensate SMA hysteresis phenomenon and control the cylinder. In the predictive algorithm, the future output of the cylinder is computed based on the cylinder model, and the control signal is computed to minimize the error and power criterion. The cylinder model parameters are estimated by an online identification algorithm. Experimental results show that the SMA cylinder is able to precisely control position and force by using the predictive control strategy though the hysteresis effect existing in the actuator. The performance of the proposed controller is compared with that of a conventional PID controller.

A Fast Method for Scattering From a PEC Strip or PEC Semicircular Cylinder Loaded With Semicircular Dielectric Cylinders

A fast method for determining the fields scattered from a perfect electric conductor (PEC) strip or PEC semicircular cylinder loaded with semicircular dielectric cylinders illuminated by a TE/TM plane wave or an electric/magnetic line source is presented. The method is based on expanding the field on the circle containing the scatterer in terms of a Neumann series, which satisfies the continuity of the tangential electric field. The continuity of the tangential magnetic field is satisfied by using the orthogonality of Gegenbauer polynomials. Some numerical results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed solution.