Electric Cauterization Research Articles

Improving Margins of Resection in Surgical Oncology with the Intelligent Surgical Knife

Margins of resection in surgical oncology are often a trade-off between decreasing cancer recurrence and preserving a patient’s aesthetic and function. The intelligent surgical knife (iKnife) aims to provide margins of resection in real-time leading to improved clinical outcomes while giving surgeons the confidence to excise tumors with smaller margins of resection. The iKnife utilizes mass spectrometry to identify the lipid and protein profiles of cells as they are cut with an electric cauterization tool. Through techniques such as multivariate analysis, proprietary software can discern healthy and cancerous tissue without the need for histological sectioning and staining. The effectiveness of the iKnife has been demonstrated ex vivo and in vivo with several types of tumors such as breast, ovarian, and colon cancer. The iKnife presents an exciting novel tool in the field of surgical oncology with the ability to provide an avenue to personalized medicine in the future.

Effect of Kshara Karma with Apamarga Pratisaraniya Kshara in Cervical Erosion - A Case Report

Cervical erosion is the commonest causes of vaginal discharge in females, where ectocervix is covered by columnar epithelium, that means natural squamous epithelium is later replaced by columnar epithelium and appears like a Karnikakara granthi or Vrana depending upon the chronicity. The condition of cervical erosion is commonly treated in contemporary system of medicine with invasive therapies such as electric cauterization, cryosurgery etc. Kshara karma is a minimal invasive procedure that helps to destroy the ectopic columnar epithelium. So in the present study, a 40 year old woman diagnosed with cervical erosion (Karnini yonivyapad) was treated with Kshara karma using Apamarga Pratisarainiya kshara for 3 sittings each on alternate days for two cycles, starting from fifth day of the menstruation. After treatment significant reduction in the extent of cervical erosion was observed and the patient got relief in associated complaints. From this case study, it can be concluded that Kshara karma with Apamarga pratisaraniya kshara may be used as a safe and economical option for treating the cervical erosion.

Intranasal Topical Application of Tranexamic Acid in Atraumatic Anterior Epistaxis: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

To determine the effectiveness of intranasal topical application of tranexamic acid in reducing the need for anterior nasal packing and determine the number of episodes of rebleeding in adult patients presenting with spontaneous atraumatic anterior epistaxis. This study was a double-blind randomized trial conducted from September to November 2021 in the ears, nose, and throat (ENT) emergency department (ED), Khalili Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Cotton pledgets soaked in either phenylephrine and lidocaine (control group) or tranexamic acid with phenylephrine and lidocaine (intervention group) were inserted into the patients' nostrils for 15 minutes. The primary outcome was the need for anterior nasal packing. The secondary outcomes were staying in the ED for more than 2 hours, needing electrical cauterization, and rebleeding within 24 hours and 1 to 7 days of the first referral to the ED. The trial was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20210403050815N1). A total of 240 patients (120 in each group) were enrolled in this study. Tranexamic acid was associated with a lower rate of need for anterior nasal packing (50.0% versus 64.2%; odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33 to 0.94). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of the need for electrical cauterization and the rate of rebleeding within 1 to 7 days. Tranexamic acid was associated with a lower rate of stay in the ED for more than 2 hours (9.2% versus 20.8%; OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.82) and rebleeding in 24 hours (15.0% versus 30%; OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.78) compared with the rates in the control group. Intranasal topical application of tranexamic acid is associated with a lower rate of need for anterior nasal packing and a shortened stay in the ED; it may be considered a part of the treatment for atraumatic anterior epistaxis.

Clinical features of children with colorectal polyps and the efficacy of endoscopic treatment: an analysis of 1 351 cases

To study the clinical features of children with colorectal polyps and the efficacy of endoscopic treatment. A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 1 351 children with colorectal polyps who were admitted and received colonoscopy and treatment in the past 8 years, including clinical features and the pattern and outcomes of endoscopic treatment. Among the 1 351 children, 893 (66.10%) were boys and 981 (72.61%) had an age of 2-<7 years, and hematochezia (1 307, 96.74%) was the most common clinical manifestation. Of all the children, 89.27% (1 206/1 351) had solitary polyps, and 95.77% (1 290/1 347) had juvenile polyps. The polyps were removed by electric cauterization with hot biopsy forceps (6 cases) or high-frequency electrotomy and electrocoagulation after snare ligation (1 345 cases). A total of 1 758 polyps were resected, among which 1 593 (90.61%) were pedunculated and 1 349 (76.73%) had a diameter of <2 cm. Postoperative complications included bleeding in 51 children (3.77%), vomiting in 87 children (6.44%), abdominal pain in 14 children (1.04%), and fever in 39 children (2.89%), while no perforation was observed. The children aged <3 years had the highest incidence rates of postoperative bleeding and fever (P<0.0125), and the children with a polyp diameter of ≥2 cm had significantly higher incidence rates of postoperative bleeding, vomiting, and fever (P<0.05). Solitary polyps, pedunculated polyps, and juvenile polyps are common types of pediatric colorectal polyps. Electric cauterization with hot biopsy forceps or high-frequency electrotomy and electrocoagulation after snare ligation can effectively remove colorectal polyps in children, with good efficacy and few complications. Younger age and larger polyp diameter are associated with a higher risk of postoperative bleeding.

BRONCHOSCOPIC BALLOON DILATATION COMBINED WITH ELECTRIC CAUTERIZATION OF TRACHEAL STENOSIS UNDER CONSCIOUS SEDATION: A CASE REPORT

Post intubation tracheal stenosis remains the most common indication of tracheal resection and reconstruction. It can cause respiratory symptoms that can often be misdiagnosed as obstructive lung disease. Various treatment modalities are available. As ofce-based procedures have been common, awake or mildly sedated endoscopic procedures with spontaneous ventilation are now being performed by exible bronchoscopy. We report a case involving a 45-year-old male who presented with dyspnea and stridor from 15 days. Patient had past history of intubation and icu stay one month back. After proper topicalization of upper airway of the patient, electric cauterization and balloon dilation was performed by exible bronchoscope under conscious sedation and spontaneous ventilation. Conscious sedation was achieved by graded doses of propofol and fentanyl. Post-operative period was uneventful, and patient didn’t describe any discomfort. Improvement in symptoms were reported. Endoscopic procedures for tracheal pathology under conscious sedation seems to be feasible and safe procedure.

Differentiation Between Umbilical Granuloma and Patent Vitellointestinal Ducts in Infants and its Associated Complications- 8 Years Retrospective Study: Novel Approach

Umbilical granuloma is a very common cause of umbilical discharge. It is managed by chemical cauterization, Bipolar electric cauterization and sometimes by simple thread ligation. However, it must be differentiated from omphalo-mesenteric remnants otherwise it can lead to disastrous complications like prolapsed of ileum and subsequent gangrene of bowel. Ultrasonography is very important tool for differentiation between umbilical granuloma and ramnants of viltello-intestinal ducts or urachus. Umbilical granuloma is a very common cause of umbilical discharge. It is managed by chemical cauterization or simple thread ligation. However, it can be a differential diagnosis of patent vitello intestinal duct and this should be ruled out before managing patients.

A New Modified Experimental Meibomian Gland Injury Model: Partial Loss of Gland Due to Orifice Cauterization and the Alleviating Potential of 22-Oxacalcitriol.

1α,-25-dihydroxy-22-oxacalcitriol (maxacalcitol) is a non-calcemic vitamin D3 analog clinically approved to treat psoriasis, and its role has been increasingly recognized in suppressing keratinocyte proliferation, mediating inflammation, and regulating the immune response. A large number of studies have suggested that vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining ocular surface health. However, its topical effects on the Meibomian gland (MG) has been insufficiently investigated. Here, we introduce an experimental MG orifice injury model, where the partial glandular loss occurred after electrical cauterization on a limited number of MG orifices, and investigate the efficacy and safety of maxacalcitol ointment in treating this MG orifice injury model. We confirm the alleviation of MG atrophy and ductal dilation by maxacalcitol ointment application. The recovery of injured MG visualizing as the residual MG area is significantly better in the maxacalcitol group (p = 0.020) compared with the Vaseline® group, especially during the first two weeks. The cornea and other ocular tissues were not affected by maxacalcitol ointment application during our two-month observation period. Altogether, this work indicates that maxacalcitol has therapeutic potential in the amelioration of initial injury of MG orifices caused by electrocautery.

CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF AGNIKARMA IN KARNINI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CERVICAL EROSION

Women’s health is extremely valuable and source of healthy nation. There are so many diseases that affects quality of life of women; cervical erosion is one among them. On the basis of etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and principles of treatment; Karnini Yonivyapad is very near to cervical erosion. 'Karnini Yonivyapada' is a disease caused by vitiation of Vata and Kapha dosha while affected dhatu is Rakta. Treatment is aimed at Vata-Kaphashamaka and Raktashodhaka. In cervical erosion, there is replacement of squamous epithelium of ectocervix by columnar epithelium of endo cervical canal. Although it is a benign condition but ignorance of this disease may lead to infertility and cervical malignancy. The treatment of cervical erosion is designed to destruct the columnar epithelium and to promote the re-epithelization of the squamous tissues. Electric cauterization and laser are the standard treatment modalities of erosion in modern medical science which are the modified form of Agnikarma but so many side effect associated with them. In the present study, the management of cervical erosion was done through Agnikarma by Jamabbadan shalaka and found as better alternative in the management of Karnini (Cervical erosion).

Effect Of Palasha Kshara With Palasha Ghrita In The Management Of Cervical Erosion

Karnini Yonivyapada (Cervical Erosion) is one of the very common gynecological conditions seen in gynecology OPD’s. About 80% of women in her reproductive age group suffer from this problem. Cervical erosion is a benign condition but if left untreated may leads up to infertility. A cardinal symptom of this disease is white discharge per vaginum which is very common in women. Electric Cauterization is known treatment for cervical erosion but chances of recurrence of the disease are high. But the Ayurvedic management seems to be more practical, cost effective and showing better result with negligible side effects. Keeping this fact in mind the present clinical study has been undertaken. Material and method: Total 50 patients of cervical erosion and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for this study, from Deptt. Of Stree roga and Prasuti tantra. O.P.D. Result: The total effect of drug was evaluated on the basis of signs and symptoms after completion of therapy. Overall effect of therapy shows 89.13% patients had cured and 10.86% patients had marked improvement in sign and symptoms. Group –I revealed better results than group –II over total criteria of assessment Conclusion: The therapy proved to be effective measure in the management of cervical erosion.

Seroma prevention strategies in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair: a systematic review.

Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) has been increasing in popularity over the years. Seroma formation is a common complication of LVHR. The aim of this study is to review the current evidence on seroma prevention strategies following LVHR. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase (1946-13 February 2019) and Medline (1946-13 February 2019) databases was conducted using terms which include "seroma", "hernia, ventral" and "laparoscopy". All studies are comparative retrospective or prospective human adult studies in peer-reviewed journals describing at least one intra-operative intervention designed to decrease the rate of seroma formation in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. The database searches identified 3762 citations, and 21 studies were included for final analysis. Five studies compared the different methods of mesh fixation, nine studies compared primary defect closure (PFC) and bridged repair, two studies compared the effect of different types of meshes, two studies looked into the use of electrical cauterization, one study compared single- site laparoscopy with conventional laparoscopy, one study looked into the use of fibrin sealant and one study compared transabdominal preperitoneal placement of mesh with conventional repair. PFC appears to be the most promising with large studies showing a low rate of seroma formation with additional benefits of decreasing wound infection and recurrence rate. Cauterisation of hernia sacand injection of fibrin sealant also show promising results but are mainly derived from small studies. Other strategies did not demonstrate benefit. Currently, primary fascial closure appears to be the most promising strategy available to decrease seroma formation after LVHR based on the results of large studies. Other promisingstrategies that decrease dead space such as cauterisation of the sac and fibrin sealant injectionwill require further multicentre trials to confirm benefit before an increase in operative time and cost can be justified for their routine use.

To evaluate the effect of Arka Pratisaraneeya Kshara in the management of Kadara w.s.r. to Corn

Kadara is a Kshudraroga which is characterized by hard thickened type swelling, largely confined to the Pada but also seen in Hastha. The disease Kadara is not a life threatening condition, but makes the life of the sufferer miserable. Aetiological factors include injury due to the thorn prick, stone, cut, friction, pressure or wearing ill-fitting and tight shoes. The disease Kadara described in Ayurveda and Corn in western medical textbooks have absolute similarity in their manifestation. The management of corn is done by application of salicylic acid, corn caps, and invasive procedures like cryotherapy, laser, chemical cauterization, electric cauterization and surgical excision. But the results by these procedures are not satisfactory and there are more chance of recurrence. Kshara is indicated in management of Kadara. Kshara Karma is unique procedure used since ancient time which best among Shastra and Anushastra due to its comprehensive multi-faceted effects. Hence the present study was undertaken for evaluation of efficacy of Arkapratisaraneeya Kshara obtained was compared with the results of Agnikarma using Panchalohashalaka which is a standard and established study.

Operation mode to prevent obturator nerve reflex in plasmakinetic resection of bladder tumor

Objective To observe the results and reality of transurethral resection of bladder tumor with preexcitation of electric cutting loop in the prevention of obturator nerve reflex. Methods The clinical data of 186 patients with bladder tumors admitted from January 2015 to August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 112 males and 74 females aged 35 to 83 years, average(59±11)years. 76 patients were admitted because of intermittent gross hematuria and 110 patients were admitted because of physical check-up. All patients underwent ultrasound, CT (plain scan/enhancement) and cystoscopy before operation. The pathological diagnosis of cystoscopy biopsy was bladder urothelial cell carcinoma.There were 105 cases clinical stage Ta stage, 81 cases of T1 stage. There were 103 single cases and 39 multiple cases of non-muscular invasive bladder. According to the different surgical techniques, the patients were divided into two groups: the pre-excitation group and lateral incision group. There were 142 cases in pre-excitation group. In the pre-excitation group, the tumors were removed routinely by the resection ring. When the resection ring was far away from the tumors, the pedal switch was pressed to excite the resection ring. The resection ring was moved to the location of the tumors, and the tumors were cut to the muscular layer. The operation was completed after 2 cm electric cauterization around the wound and hemostasis. In the lateral incision group, the tumors were removed routinely by the electric resection ring. The operation time, incidence of obturator nerve reflex, incidence of bladder perforation, amount of bleeding, retention time of catheter, pathological grading, risk grading, hospitalization time and recurrence rate of tumors at 6 months after operation were compared between the two groups. Results The operation was successfully completed in both groups, and there was no transition to open operation. In the pre-excitation group, the operation time was 10 minutes to 56 minutes, with an average of (28±12) minutes, and the intraoperative blood loss ranged from 5 ml to 70 ml, with an average of (35±15) ml. In the lateral incision group, the operation time was 15 minutes to 65 minutes, with an average of (28±11) minutes, and the blood loss was 10 ml to 80 ml, with an average of (40±15) ml. There was no significant difference in operation time and blood loss between the two groups (P>0.05). There were only 3 cases of obturator nerve reflex in preexcitation group, the incidence was 2.1%. There were 13 cases of obturator nerve reflex in lateral resection group, the incidence was 29.5%. There was significant difference of nerve reflex incidence between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions In transurethral resection of bladder tumors, the method of pre-excitation of plasma resection ring can effectively decrease obturator nerve reflex and make the operation safer. Key words: Bladder tumors; Plasmakinetic resection of bladder tumor; Obturator nerve reflex

Correction to: Electric cauterization of the hernia sac in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair reduces the incidence of postoperative seroma: a propensity score-matched analysis.

In the original publication, first author's given name was incorrectly updated.

Electric cauterization of the hernia sac in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair reduces the incidence of postoperative seroma: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh repair has become one of the most commonly performed minimally invasive procedures. Nevertheless, despite improved overall outcome, postoperative seroma formation remains the most frequent complication. Our objective was to investigate the effectiveness of cauterization of the hernia sac in terms of reducing the incidence of postoperative seroma formation. A retrospective analysis of 94 patients who underwent standard laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh repair without closure of the central defect (sIPOM) between June 2011 and December 2014 was conducted. In 20 of those cases, electric cauterization of the hernia sac was additionally performed (csIPOM). One-to-one propensity score analysis was conducted to overcome patient selection bias between the two surgical techniques. The case-control group was matched by gender, body mass index (BMI), patient comorbidities, and surface of the hernia defect. Patient demographics, pre- and postoperative pain score (using a ten-point Likert scale), operative data, and complications were collected. At follow-up, postoperative seroma, hernia recurrence, and chronic pain were evaluated. Patient demographics, hernia size, comorbidities, and BMI were similar between the two groups. The csIPOM patient group had significantly lower rate of seroma formation, compared to the sIPOM control [csIPOM vs. sIPOM 0 vs. 25% (n = 5), p < 0.05]. There was no difference noted regarding postoperative pain between the two techniques. Hernia recurrence rate was found to be higher in the sIPOM group [csIPOM vs. sIPOM 0 vs 12.5% (n = 2), p < 0.05]. The present study confirms our hypothesis that laparoscopic sIPOM combined with electric cauterization of the hernia sac (csIPOM) significantly reduces the rate of postoperative seroma compared to the sIPOM technique in patients with ventral and incisional hernias. Further randomized trials are required to verify our findings.

Current Approaches to Epistaxis Treatment in Primary and Secondary Care.

The lifetime prevalence of epistaxis is approximately 60%, and 6-10% of the affected persons need medical care. In rare cases, severe bleeding calls for the rapid initiation of effective treatment. This review is based on pertinent articles that were retrieved by a selective search PubMed, and on the authors' clinical experience. There are no German guidelines for the management of epistaxis. The available evidence consists mainly of retro spective analyses and expert opinions. 65-75% of the patients who require treatment can be adequately cared for by their primary care physician or by an emergency physician with baseline measures. If there is persistent anterior epistaxis, an otorhinolaryngologist can control the bleeding sastisfactorily in 78-88% of cases with chemical or electrical cauterization. Nasal packing is used if this treatment fails, or for posterior epistaxis. In a retrospective study, surgical treatment was found to be more effective than nasal packing in the treatment of posterior epistaxis (97% versus 62% treatment success). Percutaneous embolization is an alternative treatment for patients whom general anesthesia would put at high risk. The treatment of severe or recurrent epistaxis requires the interdisciplinary collaboration of the primary care physician, the emergency physician, the practice-based otolaryngologist, and the hospital otolaryngology service. Uniform guidelines and epidemiological studies on this topic would be desirable.

Endoscopic management of anterior and posterior epistaxis

The current management for epistaxis encompasses a wide variety of options that include pressure and intranasal decongestants, nasal packing, chemical and electrical cauterization, endovascular embolization, and surgical ligation of offending vessels. For episodes of epistaxis refractory to the more conservative measures, the use of the rigid endoscope has significantly increased the efficacy of therapeutic techniques by improving visualization of and access to intranasal bleeding sites. This review highlights the endoscopic approach to manage cases of severe epistaxis through direct cauterization, ligation of the sphenopalatine artery, and ligation of the anterior ethmoid artery.

Recurrent neck lesions secondary to pyriform sinus fistula.

Recurrent neck lesions associated with third or fourth branchial arch fistula are much less common than those of second arch and usually present with acute suppurative thyroiditis or neck abscess. Our aim is to describe clinical features, management and treatment outcomes of 64 cases of congenital pyriform sinus fistula (PSF). Medical record of these 64 patients (33 males, 31 females) treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2011 to 2014 were reviewed. The patients comprised 33 males and 31 females, and their ages ranged from 18 months to 47 years (median 10 years, mean 12.7 years). Neck abscess and recurrent infection was the mode of presentation in 37 cases (57.8 %), 4 patients (6.3 %) presented with acute suppurative thyroiditis, neck mass was the mode of presentation in 17 cases (26.6 %), 2 patients (3.1 %) presented with neck mass with respiratory distress, and cutaneous discharging fistula was the mode of presentation in 1 cases (1.6 %). The remaining 3 patients (4.7 %) presented with cutaneous discharging fistula with neck infection. Investigations performed include barium swallow, CT scan, and ultrasound which were useful in delineating PSF tract preoperatively. Barium swallow was taken as the gold standard for diagnosis. Our patients were treated by fistulectomy with hemithyroidectomy, fistulectomy, fistulectomy with endoscopic electric cauterization, endoscopic electric cauterization or endoscopic coblation cauterization, respectively. Histopathologic examination of the surgical specimens revealed that they were lined with ciliated epithelium, stratified cuboid epithelium with chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. Voice hoarseness occurred after operation in seven patients, but disappeared 1 week later. PSF recurred in 6 patients, 4 of them were cured by a successful re-excision. One patient was cured by successful endoscopic electric cauterization. The other 1 has remained asymptomatic for 5 months. In our series, mean follow-up period was 13.3 months and median follow-up period was 12.5 months (range 2-40 months). Presence of congenital PSF should be suspected when intra-thyroidal abscess formation occurs as the gland is resistant to infection. Strong clinical suspicion, barium swallow study, CT scan and ultrasound are the key to diagnosis. Both fistulectomy with hemithyroidectomy and endoscopic treatment have comparable success rate. Endoscopic coblation cauterization may prove a useful and equally effective method of treatment for PSF in future.

Keratocyst Odontogenic Tumor (KCOT): Treatment Methods at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University

Many studies have been done about the treatment of KCOT, but the recurrence rate still remains high despite the combination of surgical techniques used, associated with or without the use chemical solutions such as Carnoy’s solution or Cryosurgery. Currently, there is no consensus concerning the therapeutic choice for the KCOT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different treatment methods used for the management of KCOT in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University and the results obtained from those treatment methods. Settings and Design: Clinical study was done at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University. Materials and Methods: Analytical retrospective review of 63 cases treated surgically from 2009 to 2015 at the Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University. All cases diagnosed as KCOT and registered in the archives were used. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Of the 63 cases, 55.56% were male and 44.44% female. The sex ratio was 1.25 in favor of male and the average age was 42 years. 81% of the lesions were located in the mandible. Of 40 cases treated by enucleation with peripheral ostectomy, curettage and electric cauterization with application of 2% iodine tincture, no recurrence was found. Of 20 cases treated by the same surgical method but without the application of 2% iodine tincture, recurrence was found in 3 cases (4.76%). 3 cases treated by resection had no recurrence. Significant relation between recurrence and type of treatment was found (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In our series, those cases that were treated by combination of surgical methods used with 2% iodine tincture showed an “improvement” in the reduction of recurrence, suggesting a future question to be examined in experimental study is to test the effectiveness of 2% iodine tincture.

Miomektomia podczas cięcia cesarskiego a powstawanie zrostów jako późne powikłanie pooperacyjne

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the incidence and features of postoperative adhesion related complications occurring following myolysis or myomectomy performed during cesarean section (C/S). Methods: This cross-sectional study consists of four groups of patients who underwent C/S: group I; myolysis is performed by electric cauterization for small superficial fibroids less than 2 cm. (n: 21), group II; myomectomy is performed for pedunculated fibroids (n: 18), group III; myomectomy is performed for intramural/subserous fibroids less than 5 cm. (n: 23), group IV; control group (n: 19) who did not go through myomectomy. Repeat C/S is performed to study subjects within 1-5 years. All cases are evaluated in terms of mild to moderate adhesions between omentum and uterus, mild to moderate adnexial area adhesions, mild to moderate incision area adhesions and surgical difficulty due to severe adhesions. Results: The incidence of adhesions of omentum and uterus (p= 0.278), mild to moderate adnexial area adhesions (p= 0.831), mild to moderate incision area adhesions (p= 0.804) were similar between the intervention groups (group I, II, and III) and the controls (group IV). Conclusion: Cesarean myomectomy is a safe procedure and can be performed without significant postoperative adhesion formation.

High frequcncy electric cauterization combined with nasolacrimal duct stent implantation for nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Objective To observe the efficacy of high frequency electric cauterization combined with nasolacrimal duct stent implantation for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction.Methods 176 eyes of 170 patients of nasolacrimal duct obstruction were involved.They underwent high frequency electric cauterization combined with nasolacrimal duct stent implantation.The patients were followed up for 6 ～ 12 months.Results The surgery was successfully performed in 172 eyes.Four eyes failed probing and dilatation of lacrimal passage.The effective rates were 95.54％,85.23％,82.57％ and 81.18％ at 1,3,6 and 12 months postoperatively.Conclusion The high frequency electric cauterization combined with nasolacrimal duct stent implantation is satisfactorily effective for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Key words: Obstruction, nasolacrimal duct; Cautery, electric,high frequency; Stent, nasolacrimal duct