Electric Cauterization Research Articles

Self-sealing, sutureless sclerotomy in pars plana vitrectomy

If sutures are used in the regular closure of sclerotomies a trauma to the bulbus can be inflicted and intraocular bleeding might result. Phases of intraocular hypotony accompany the intraoperative exchange of instruments. Like in no-stitch cataract surgery we employed this type of self-sealing wound closure in pars-plana vitrectomies. A less traumatizing technique yielding a tight and effective closure is an alternative to the conventional approach and results of our experiences are presented. A modified approach for sutureless sclerotomy closure was applied in 50 eyes (150 sclerotomies). A sclera-covered sclerotomy is performed after preparation of adequate scleral pouches in conventional positions. A minimal conjunctival peritomy allows at the end of surgery an electric cauterization, thus using no suture material in the whole course of vitrectomy. Sutureless vitrectomies can only be installed in the primary operation. However, re-operations on 3 eyes were possible in the same manner using the old sclerotomy sites up to 6 weeks after initial surgery. In 12 eyes the sclerotomy had to be covered with a single suture to obtain adequate wound closure. A repetitive change of instruments during the surgical procedure is possible with this technique and all types of intraocular instruments can be employed. Self-sealing sclerotomies are a simple and atraumatic approach for wound closure in pars-plana vitrectomies and allow a control of intraocular pressure during surgery.

Percutaneous Electrical Cauterization of the Postero-medial Branch of the Spinal Nerve Root for Lumbar Facet Joint Pain

Percutaneous Electrical Cauterization of the Postero-medial Branch of the Spinal Nerve Root for Lumbar Facet Joint Pain

Endoscopic resection as local treatment of mucosal cancer of the esophagus.

Limited surgery is indicated for mucosal cancer of the esophagus without lymph node metastasis. Esophagectomy without thoracotomy and endoscopic resection are carried out as the operative modalities of reduced surgery. Mucosal cancer less than 3 cm in size without any nodal involvement is suitable for endoscopic resection. The maneuver of endoscopic resection of esophageal cancer is carried out as follows; a transparent covering tube with a small channel for electric snare forceps is used, a forward-viewing endoscopic is inserted inside the covering tube, the grasping forceps of the mucosa is inserted through the working channel of the endoscope, the mucosa is grasped by forceps through the opening of snare forceps, and is snared and resected by electric cauterization. The maneuver is repeated. No postoperative complication has ever been experienced. The mechanically induced ulcer down to the submucosal layer heals within a month.

Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus plays a role in acupuncture analgesia through the central nervous system in the rat.

This work investigates the effect of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on acupuncture analgesia in the rat. Electrical stimulation of PVN or injection of L-glutamate sodium into PVN could enhance the analgesic effect induced by acupuncture Zusanli (St. 36) while the electrical cauterization of PVN is decreased; Removal of the pituitary could not influence the effect of enhancing acupuncture analgesia induced by the injection of L-glutamate sodium into PVN. These results suggest that PVN might play an important role in acupuncture analgesia through central nervous system.

Tracheal hamartoma —report of a case successfully treated with endoscopic surgery—

This report presents the case of an 88 year old man with tracheal hamartoma discovered through a chest X-ray film showing obstructive pneumonia before the manifestation of any symptoms associated with tracheal obstruction. Since surgical treatment was unfeasible, the tumor was removed with success through electric cauterization using a gastrointestinal fiberscope.

Low dose Aprotinin as blood saver in open heart surgery

Bleeding after open heart surgery is still a great concern for the surgeon, especially when the surgical field has been revised accurately and hemostatic stitches and electrical cauterization have been used extensively. Among non-surgical adjuncts, aprotinin has been reported as very effective in reducing complications. At the time we started using this drug, we intended to test two different dosages lower than those reported in the literature. We evaluated three groups of 18 patients: the first (A) received about 350 mg of aprotinin from the start of anesthesia up to the end of operation (140 mg in the priming of cardio-pulmonary bypass and 70 mg/h i.v. during the procedure; the second (A/2) received half that dose (i.e. 70 mg and 35 mg, respectively), and the third (C) did not receive aprotinin. We compared in these groups: postoperative bleeding, blood transfusions, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets. The results were good only in the A group: bleeding was reduced and few transfusions were required. The patients in the A/2 and C groups did not show significant differences. From our observations we conclude that aprotinin is a useful adjunct, but has to be given in the proper dose.

ＳＱＵＩＤ磁束計による生体磁場計測 ２． その臨床応用について

CAT and MRI dramatically changed modern medicine by its excellent anatomical resolution. For functional analysis of central nervous system, however, good old EEG (electro-encephalo-graphy) is still the main weapon. Although computer topography brought some improvement in this field, poor spatial resolution has been the main shortcoming for EEG. This is because voltage distribution of neuron activity over the skull is easily influenced by the complicated human head structure. It is known that magnetic field is emitted from the brain together with electrical neuron activity. Distribution of magnetic field over the skull is less sensitive to the complicated head structure. Thus it is theoretically possible to calculate the accurate location of neuron activity by recording magnetic field over the skull. The magnetic field, however, is too weak for conventional magnetic sensors to detect. Recently SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) has been introduced as an extremely sensitive magnetic sensor. With SQUID system, it is possible to record weak magnetic field from the brain. Multi-channel SQUID system is the main concern since accuracy of neuron activity localization and time needed for recording are dramatically improved. Study of tonotopic and amplitopic organization of human auditory cortex is presented as an example of SQUID application. Multi-channel DC-SQUID system, installed at the Center for Neuromagnetism of New York University Medical Center, was used. Auditory stimulus of various frequency and intensity was applied to the right ear in randomized order with randomized interstimulus interval. The magnetic response was recorded from left hemisphere with one probe fixed at maxima and the other probe at minima of the magnetic field. Signals were then averaged and dipole location was calculated using spherical model method. The location of auditory response was in primary auditory cortex (Area 41). The location of neuron activity shifted medially as auditory stimulus frequency increased. On the other hand, location of neuron activity tended to shift anterioly in the main as auditory stimulus intensity increased. Thus, SQUID system made it possible to analyze minute neuron network function and its location without any invasion and anesthesia to human. SQUID system has been mainly used to study auditory, visual and somatosensory response of the human brain. Magnetic signal during motor activity is also analyzed to elucidate the mechanism of motor initiation, The main current interest of SQUID application is the diagnosis of epilepsy. Magnetic signal emitted during epilepsy is large and distinctive. With SQUID system, location of epilepsy focus and its modality of spreading can be detected. Once the focus is found, it may be possible to treat epilepsy with minor surgery such as electrical cauterization without opening the skull. From the technical point of view, however, the current SQUID system is still under development. The number of channel and complicated structure may be renovated by utilizing recent IC production technology.

The Management of Umbilical Granulomas With Cryocautery

Sir .—Umbilical granuloma is a common, self-limiting, moist granulating area at the base of the cord with a slight mucoid or mucopurulent discharge. Traditional management varies from benign indifference to chemical or electric cauterization to excision. We have favorably used cryocauterization for umbilical granuloma and compared this technique with chemical and electric cauterization. Patients and Methods .—Seventy-five infants between 20 and 60 days of age from the clinic of one of the authors (S.S.S.) and KEM Hospital, Bombay, India, with umbilical granulomas of 7 to 15 mm in size were treated on an outpatient basis either by cryosurgery, electrocautery, or an application of silver nitrate between May 1977 and June 1987 in a prospective clinical trial using a randomized protocol. After local cleaning, the infant was firmly held by a nurse while the general-purpose cryoprobe (Wallach Surgical) with nitrous oxide as a refrigerant was applied directly to the granuloma for

Fetal hypophysectomy causes a decrease in preadipocyte growth and insulin like growth factor-1 in pigs

Fetal pigs in one uterine horn of each of five gilts were hypophysectomized (HX) in utero by electrical cauterization at 72–74 days of gestation and sera collected at 110 days of gestation. Sera from HX fetuses had tower levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 compared to control littermates (P<.05). Sera were tested for their effects on primary cultures of stromal-vascular cells from adipose tissue. The soluble protein concentration/ dish was lower when pig cells were cultured in sera from HX fetuses compared to sera from control fetuses (P<.01). Sera from HX fetuses inadequately supported growth of stromal-vascular cells so subsequent experiments utilized pooled sera from normal and HX adult pigs. Sera from HX and control fetuses were mixed with sera from the two adult pools and tested for incorporation of tritiated thymidine into rat preadipocytes and the appearance of adipocytes (determined histochemically) in pig stromal-vascular cultures. In cultures fed sera from HX fetuses there was a lower (P<.05) number of pig fat cells/culture and a lower level (P<.06) of preadipocyte proliferation in rat cell cultures when compared to control fetal sera. Fetal pig serum contains factors (adipogenic) which promote the proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes in culture. Serum from HX fetuses has a lower level of adipogenic factors.

THE EJECTION OF A FROTHY FLUID FROM THE CLOACAL REGION OF ROOSTER DURING MANUAL SEMEN COLLECTION

The ejection of a frothy fluid from the rooster cloaca was observed during the collection of semen by the conventional manual method. The production of the frothy fluid was confirmed to be related to the tumescent portion of the dorsal cloaca, i.e. glandula proctodealis dorsalis (GPD), and the GPD was considered to be homologous to the triangular fold (TF) in the corresponding region of the male turkey cloaca. Electrical cauterization of the GPD led to a complete cessation of the ejection of a frothy fluid. Key words: Frothy fluid, cloaca, rooster

New laparoscopic sterilization with exteriorization of tubes (cauterization, ligation): a preliminary report.

The fallopian tube's remarkable mobility and inherent length makes possible its exteriorization from the abdominal cavity to perform any kind of tubal sterilization. We offer a new laparoscopic technique utilizing (1) exteriorization of the tube and the performance of either (a) tubal ligation (Pomeroy technique); or (b) unipolar cauterization, or (2) intraabdominal in-sleeve cauterization in case of failure to exteriorize the tube. Our approach, on the one hand, was to avoid laparotomy but still preserve the advantages of tubal ligation, and on the other hand, to avoid possible bowel burn but still retain the beneficiary effect of electrical cauterization. To accomplish this, a simple second puncture uninsulated trocar-sleeve and grasping forceps were designed. With this technique, 325 patients have had voluntary interval sterilization at Olive View Medical Center-UCLA Campus (1977-1980). No bowel burn or pregnancies have occurred. No laparotomies have been necessary. Complications were minor and compared favorably with those cases in which other techniques were used.

Hypothalamo-hypophysial function following the lesion of tanycytes in the median eminence of the rat.

The transport of hormones from the cerebrospinal fluid to the adenohypophysis by the tanycytes of the median eminence was examined in male rats. Electron microscopy revealed that all ependymal cells including the tanycytes disappear or degenerate in rats subjected to electric cauterization of the ependymal layer lining the third ventricle. However, the granular axons in the palisade layer of the median eminence remain intact. In rats subjected to electric lesion, no significant change was found in either the serum-LH level or in the weight of the adenohypophysis, testes, adrenal and thyroid glands. It is concluded that the tanycytes do not participate in the hypothalamic regulation of hypophysial function.

Hepatic microvascular effects of terbutaline in experimental cardiogenic shock in rats.

1. Experimental myocardial infarction was produced in rats by direct electrical cauterization of the myocardium of left ventricle. This produced cardiogenic shock with the accompanying haemodynamic changes of low cardiac output, low mean arterial pressure, raised central venous pressure and an absence of cardiac arrhythmias. 2. The liver microcirculation was observed using in vivo television microscope method. The diameter and erythrocyte flow velocity in the liver sinusoids were measured quantitatively. 3. During experimental cardiogenic shock 80% of the liver sinusoids were constricted; the remaining 20% showed dilatation. In all these liver sinusoids the erythrocyte flow velocity was only 50% of the pre-shock level. 4. Intravenous injection of the selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline (0.15 mg/kg) restored the systemic arterial pressure to pre-shcok levels and partially raised the cardiac output. In the liver microcirculation terbutaline restored both constricted and dilated liver sinusoids to pre-shock calibres, but only partially raised erythrocyte flow velocity. 5. It is proposed that during experimental cardiogenic shock, terbutaline produces dilatation in the terminal liver microcirculation by opening sphincters of liver sinusoids and restores sinusoid diameters to pre-shock calibres. Therefore, terbutaline has the capacity to decrease peripheral resistance and unload the circulation during cardiogenic shock.

Transposition of the visual projection from the nasal hemiretina onto the foreign rostral zone of the optic tectum in goldfish

The temporal hemiretina was destroyed by electrical cauterization and the caudal half of the tectum innervated by the surviving nasal hemiretina was also ablated in a group of juvenile goldfish. About 4 months after these complementary surgical operations, the visual projection from the intact nasal hemiretina was found to become transposed onto the entire extent of the foreign rostral half-tectum in correct retinotopic order. Subsequent interruption of the retinotectal projection by crushing the optic nerve was followed by orderly reestablishment of the transposed projection from the surviving nasal hemiretina onto the entire extent of the remaining rostral half-tectum. It is suggested that the transposition of retinotectal projection may be a combined result of the expansion due to regulation of the halved nasotemporal gradient of synaptogenic intercellular affinity factors into a complete gradient within the surviving hemiretina and of the compression due to regulation of the halved rostrocaudal gradient into a complete gradient within the remaining half-tectum.

The Use of Electric Cauterization on the Cervical Erosion and on the Effect of Local Application used after the Procedure.

The Use of Electric Cauterization on the Cervical Erosion and on the Effect of Local Application used after the Procedure.

Neuropathologic review of brain lesions and inherent dangers in chemopallidectomy: report of a case of bilateral pallidal destruction.

In recent years the tremor and rigidity due to Parkinsonism, and indeed other motion disorders, have been profoundly influenced by artificially produced destructive lesions in or near the globus pallidus. These have been established chiefly by (1) purposeful infarction (ligation of the anterior choroidal artery¹); (2) chemical (procaine^2,3or alcohol^4,5) injection; (3) electrical cauterization⁶; (4) application of ultrasound radiation,⁷and (5) surgical ablation and transection.⁸ It is well known that the symptom complex characterizing the Parkinsonian syndrome may result from a variety of conditions—encephalitis, cerebral arteriosclerosis, neoplasia, carbon monoxide poisoning, hepatolenticular degeneration, and others as well.⁹Although pathologic lesions are encountered in the thalamus, cortex, and hypothalamus,⁹characteristic atrophic changes are found most frequently in the cells of the globus pallidus and substantia nigra.¹⁰The significance of these degenerative lesions with regard to the

Laryngeal Tuberculosis and the Electric Cautery

Summary 1.Laryngeal tuberculosis is a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis in from 12 to 45 per cent of cases, depending on the severity of the pulmonary lesion. 2.The tuberculous lesion is healed by the deposit of calcium salts in the necrotic areas and by an increase of fibrous tissue which develops from the fixed connective tissue cells, and probably by a changing of the epithelioid cells into fibroblasts. Such healing processes are encouraged by an increased blood supply. 3.Rest is important in all cases of laryngeal tuberculosis. The electric cautery is used in all tuberculous ulcers, and infiltrations which do not despond to rest of the larynx. Heliotherapy is used in many cases. 4.The electric cautery heals, not by the destruction of all tuberculous tissue, but by the development of an inflammatory zone in which newly formed blood vessels and fibroblasts are produced, which hastens healing by cicatrization. 5.Most early cases heal with the cautery, while the advanced cases are relieved of pain. 6.Electric cauterization is a minor procedure, done best under cocaine anesthesia and by the indirect method.

Sterilization without unsexing: 1. Surgical review with especial reference to 5,820 operations on insane and feeble-minded in California.

Surgical technics for vasectomy, salpingectomy, tubal patency tests, electric cauterization of the fallopian tubes, and chemical occlusion of the tubes are reviewed. The use of heat to the testicle and irradiation of the testes and tubes as temporary methods of sterilization are noted.