Elderly Learners Research Articles

코로나19 시기를 지나온 노년기 학습자의 자기주도적 학습경험에 관한 현상학적 탐구

This study explored the self-directed learning experiences of elderly learners who have continued lifelong learning for many years, including the COVID-19 period, using phenomenological qualitative research method. As a result of analyzing the learning experiences of 12 male and female learners aged 61-78 years, their self-direction was continuously exhibited throughout the entire period of learning. Participants in the study struggled to continue self-directed learning in their daily lives even during the crisis of self-directed learning due to COVID-19. As they passed this emergency period, the study participants became aware of the elements of the surrounding environment that facilitated self-directed learning, and explained various achievements in self-directed learning after recovery to daily life. The essence of self-direction explored in this study was reinforced in interaction with the surrounding environment rather than self-direction only by the individual's will. The surrounding environment can be explained by programs of lifelong education institutions, questions and discussions in face-to-face classes, relationships with instructors and fellow learners, and media in a digital technology environment, and these factors served as catalysts for self-directed learning and helped to strengthen the self-direction of learners in old age.

SOC 기반 한국어 수업 설계 및 운영 사례 연구

Objectives This study aims to design and implement a Korean language course applying the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) theory for Japanese elderly learners, and to explore the effectiveness of this instructional approach. Methods For this purpose, Korean language classes were designed and conducted, based on a 5-session course, targeting five elderly learners residing in Tokyo, Japan. To assess the outcomes of class operation, learner inter-views were conducted and qualitatively analyzed. Results Analysis results showed several key findings. Firstly, allowing learners to choose topics they are genuinely interested in led to higher satisfaction levels among learners. Secondly, adjusting the level and scope of learning activities to match the learners' proficiency level during class design and operation resulted in increased sat-isfaction with the learning process. Thirdly, using familiar and comfortable tools to assist learners' memory and fa-cilitate information retrieval also contributed to higher satisfaction with the learning process. Fourthly, learners ex-pressed satisfaction with Korean language classes applying the theory of Selection-Optimization-Compensation (SOC), noting minimal physical exertion and the possibility of review. Lastly, by completing learning activities, learners not only experienced psychological satisfaction but also a sense of achievement in learning. Conclusions It was confirmed that Korean language classes applying the theory of Selection-Optimization- Compensation(SOC) improved the learning autonomy, interest, and satisfaction of elderly learners.This study contributes by addressing Korean language learning for elderly learners aged 70 and above, a topic not extensively explored in Korean language education research. Furthermore, it provides foundational data for designing and op-erating Korean language classes for elderly learners based on SOC theory.

Internet+ Teaching Model of Community-Based Elderly Education in the Context of Smart Cities

Abstract The rapid emergence of Internet+, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and other innovative technologies has led to the gradual penetration of online learning into traditional teaching, and face-to-face teaching and online teaching have moved towards deep integration. This paper explores the Internet+ teaching mode of online and offline integration of community-based senior education in the context of a smart city and designs a personalized learning platform for community-based geriatric education. Subsequently, a learning path recommendation model based on two-dimensional features of learners and learning resources is constructed, and then the SASBPSO algorithm is used to realize model optimization and improve the online learning effect of community-based senior education, and the effect of the model application is analyzed. The SASBPSO algorithm is more reliable than other algorithms when solving optimal solutions and converges at less than 0.1, which is significantly superior to other algorithms in terms of convergence. The time used by elderly learners under the use of this paper method is significantly shorter than the traditional method, and the average learning time gap is smaller. The difference between the average scores of the pre-test and post-test of the two groups is −16.247 and −8.146, and the significance value of the difference is 0.003 and 0.016, respectively, 0.003<0.016<0.05, indicating that the learning effect based on personalized learning path recommendation is significantly higher than that of the traditional learning method. This paper provides feasible design ideas for the Internet+ teaching mode of community-based geriatric education.

‘노인일자리 사업’ 참여자의 자서전쓰기 프로그램에서 나타난 전환학습 사례연구

This study is a qualitative case study that explores the context of life and transition learning of elderly learners in the autobiography writing program. The study participants were nine people who participated in the 12-time elderly autobiography writing program held at B Welfare Center in A City from September to November 2022. The researcher collected and analyzed handwritten books and individual interview data of research participants while participating in the autobiography writing program. As a result of the study, it was possible to confirm the case of conversion learning in the process of changing perspectives in the life of the study participants and conducting an autobiography writing program. Participants participated in the autobiography writing program in a non-voluntary situation, but through active communication with other participants, they reflected on their thoughts and lives and listened to other people's lives with an open mind. In this process, changes in perception occurred, finding the meaning of life experiences that have passed and showing an attitude to plan for the future life with a more open and receptive attitude. This study aims to emphasize the significance of the elderly autobiography writing program for low-educated elderly learners and the importance of writing elderly autobiographies in terms of lifelong education.

An Investigation into Pronunciation Problems of Korean Elderly Learners of English

An Investigation into Pronunciation Problems of Korean Elderly Learners of English

위기 사건 경험 노인 여성학습자의 초등학력인정 문해교육과정 학습경험의 의미탐색

This study is conducted to explore the meaning of the learning experiences of the female elderly learner who experienced life crisis events and participated in the literacy program accredited elementary education. For the purpose, the life history research method was employed. The participant overcame the great crisis of life that she faced in the latter half of her lives by learning in the literacy program, while reporting a significant change in her mind compared to before learning. In addition to a sense of confidence and achievement, it is said that unlike before, her mind has softened and her has become more tolerant of others than before. Based on the above research results, the following implications were derived. First, the literacy program process involves more than academic accreditation. The participant’s learning was further motivated by the needs of escaping from the crisis situation, which led to her perceived joy of learning and life. Second, the participant gained a sense of accomplishment and confidence by receiving support from teachers and fellow learners. Third, the participant newly established her attitude toward life for the rest of her lives while attending literacy schools. Through introspection and rumination on the learning experience, which is the process of reinterpreting or reinterpreting the meaning of the learning experience and converting it into action (Mezirow, 2000), an opportunity for a positive change in consciousness is created. Based on the research results, it is necessary to re-prove the relationship between social support and psychological aspects as well as the relationship between learning experience, perception and attitude change for the rest of life with a more systematic and structured study in future follow-up studies. Also, the need to expand the budget and support policies for literacy education was suggested

Assessing the Zoom learning experience of the elderly under the effects of COVID in Hong Kong: application of the IPO model

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the perceptions of elderly learners in experiencing Zoom learning under the effects of COVID in the case of Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey and focus group interviews have been conducted with quantitative and qualitative approaches, respectively. The survey design was based on the input-process-output (IPO) model conceptual framework and used to assess students’ perceptions regarding their Zoom learning experiences at the Elder Academy of Hong Kong Metropolitan University. Thereafter, selected students were invited to participate in focus group interviews to offer more in-depth comments for analysis purposes. Statistical Product and Service Solutions software and SmartPLS were used for data analysis of the survey, and content analysis was used to summarize opinions from the focus group interviews; thus, a comprehensive picture of elderly learners’ learning experiences on Zoom is presented.FindingsAn overall positive perception was the result of elderly learners’ Zoom learning journeys, particularly in the “input” and “process” stages of the IPO model. Yet, their perception of the “learning outcomes achieved” level in the “output” stage was lower among the rest, thus strongly affected by the factors of “interactions” and “teaching” experienced by elderly learners on Zoom. Although the perception of the youngest age group was more positive, none have agreed that Zoom learning was more favourable when compared with the traditional face-to-face mode.Originality/valueGiven Zoom as the short-term replacement option under the COVID pandemic, this study will provide recommendations for educators/institutions to improve their design of the whole learning process for elderly learners on the Zoom platform.

Needs Analysis of Art Education Programs for Elderly Learners

본 연구는 노인 학습자를 위한 미술교육 프로그램의 설계를 위해 요구분석을 실시하고 그 결과를 도출하여 노인 학습자를 위한 미술교육의 기초를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 문헌연구를 통하여 노인 미술교육에서 다루어지는 프로그램들을 고찰하여 내용의 적절성을 확인하였다. 연구방법은 체계적이고 우선순위 결정 과정인 요구분석 3단계를 통해 분석하였다. 먼저 대응 표본 t-검정을 통해 노인 학습자가 원하는 미술교육 프로그램의 현재 상태와 미래 상태 간의 유의미한 격차를 확인하고, Borich 요구도 공식을 적용하여 프로그램 간 우선순위를 확인하였다. 또한 The Locus for Focus 모델을 활용하여 Borich 요구도 공식의 차이검증방법을 보완하여 필요 수준의 미래 중요도의 가중치를 확인하였다. 요구분석 결과 최우선 순위로 사진, 도예, 미술치료, 한지공예, 동양화, 드로잉·소묘·스케치가 확인되었다. 차순위 군으로는 박물관·미술관 교육 프로그램, 미술사·미술이론 교육 프로그램, 유화, 아크릴화가 확인되었다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 노인 학습자를 대상으로 요구분석을 통하여 노인 학습자가 필요로 하는 정신적 안정감과 신체기능의 향상을 도모할 수 있는 미술교육 프로그램을 개발하는데 기여했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.The purpose of this study consists in providing a basis for art education for elderly learners by carrying out the needs analysis of such programs, in order to design art education programs for elderly learners, and by drawing the conclusions. To this end, the research has identified the relevance of the content of the programs dealt with in art education for the elderly through literature review and the examinations of those programs. The research methods involved the carrying out of the three stages of needs analyses, which are systematic and, at the same time, the process of determining priorities. First, the study identified significant differences between the current and future states of the art education programs desired by elderly learners, through a paired t-test, and then determined the priorities among those syllabuses by applying a Borich needs assessment model. Further, the research supplemented the difference verification methods of the Borich needs assessment model by utilizing the Locus for Focus model and identified the weight of the future significance of the levels of those needs. The results of the needs assessments have shown that top priorities lie in photographs, pottery, healing through art, Korean paper art, oriental paintings, and drawing/esquisse/sketches. The next priorities were shown to be education programs for art galleries and museums, education programs for art history and art theory, oil paintings, and acrylic paintings. In this context, this study is significant in that it has contributed to the development of art education programs capable of promoting the mental stability and improvements of physical abilities that elderly learners demand, through the needs analysis aimed at those learners.

Effects of Focus on Forms and Focus on Form Instruction on Middle-Aged and Elderly Learners’ English Grammar Acquisition

Kyungmi Choi, Daria Soon-Young Seog, and Incheol Choi. 2022. Studies in Modern Grammar 115, 119-137. Effects of Focus on Forms and Focus on Form Instruction on Middle-Aged and Elderly Learners’ English Grammar Acquisition.
 This study, to find an effective way for older adult learners to acquire English, aims to investigate the extent instruction needs to be intentional or explicit.
 Traditionally, the issue was dealt with in terms of the effect of two instructional approaches—focus on forms (FonFs) and focus on form (FonF). The results of the grammaticality judgment test with audio stimuli show that FonFs instruction is a more appropriate method for middle-aged and elderly groups’ acquisition of grammatical knowledge than FonF instruction. In addition, it suggests that even among older adult learners, age still matters. That is, “the younger, the better” applies to adult learners of age 40 and above.

노인학습자를 위한 평생교육 학습튜터 챗봇의 학습설계 전략에 관한 탐색 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to derive implications for for the applicability of chatbots and learning design from the point of view of lifelong learning to provide personalized educational services to the elderly by using chatbot, one of the core technologies that are receiving the most attention recently. Methods To achieve the objective, a prototype of a chatbot that serves as a learning tutor for elderly learners was developed and an empirical evaluation study was conducted by using it. First, based on the analysis of previous studies for the development of the prototype of the chatbot, the learning strategies was designed in the introduction-learning activities-closing parts of a learning process, and various methods of learning content types and class reflection strategies were designed. Using the chatbot, heuristic evaluation for 5 experts and user experience evaluation for 11 elderly learners were conducted. Results As a result of the study, this study identified the positive potential for usefulness, value, and learning continuity of the lifelong learning tutor chatbot for elderly learners and implications for learning design strategy were derived. Conclusions This study is significant in that it provided an empirical evaluation and implications for the use of chatbots as a lifelong learning tool for elderly learners.

Relationship between Elderly Learner’s Social Support and Quality of Life: Mediating Effects of Learning Motivation, Learning Participation and Learning Outcomes

Relationship between Elderly Learner’s Social Support and Quality of Life: Mediating Effects of Learning Motivation, Learning Participation and Learning Outcomes

Formation of authoritarian personality within the framework of educational models involving soviet and post-soviet philosophical and ideological specifics

Introduction. The study of authoritarian personality formation factors is becoming increasingly important in connection with the need to assess the efficacy of democratisation and humanisation of the socio-cultural environment. Despite the fact that the dominant trend in modern education is the striving to maximise the resource domain for due realisation of the individual, the authoritarian type of management is quite frequent, continuing to develop in many spheres of social relations. Materials and methods. The authors, in the course of the empirical research, explore the authoritarian personality potential in respondents representing different learning models, by measuring pronouncement of traits characteristic of the authoritarian syndrome, assessing the disposition towards choosing the authoritarian regime as a way to get protected against danger, along with the levels of manifestation of three types of authoritarianism: interpersonal, organisational and socio-political. The designated parametric characteristics are surveyed in respondents with the use of a set of standardised valid diagnostic methods: T. Adorno’s questionnaire “The Authoritarian Personality (F-scale)” (adapted by Denisova); Altemeyer’s questionnaire “Right-Wing Authoritarianism” (RWA) (adapted by Dyakonova); Dakkit’s questionnaire “Faith in a Dangerous World” (adapted by Gulevich, Anikeenok, Bezmenova); Bayazitov’s and Alishev’s questionnaire “The Authoritarian Stereotype”. Results. Following the comparative analysis of the empirical data obtained in the course of the study, a connection was established between the extent of individual’s authoritativeness and the specificity of learning models. It was found out during the analysis of the obtained data, that the level of right-wing authoritarianism measured according to Altemeyer’s method was higher in the elder learners group than in the younger group (the younger group – 15.24 points, the older group – 19.12 points). The level of authoritarianism in the group of older respondents turned out to be statistically much higher according to the consolidated figures under the “Authoritarian stereotype” methodology by Bayazitov and Alishev (the younger group – 4.10 points, the elder group – 4.55 points). Conclusions. The philosophical and ideological platform of educational models influences the process of formation of the authoritarian personality. The influence of the philosophical and ideological platform on the personality may be corrected only through extension of individual resources for comprehending the global sociocultural situation and one’s place in it. The progress in this domain may be facilitated by increasing the credibility of fundamental disciplines, philosophy in the first place, and by the introduction of psychological competence courses in schools for schoolchildren, their parents and teaching staff.

일본 노인교육의 형성과 중심 아이디어: 고령자교육론 성립의 맥락에서

Japanese education for the elderly is a good model to be reckoned with, facing the ‘aging or aged society’. However, it is not easy to benefit from simply modeling it, without knowing the socio-historical context in which the ideas and practices of the system were moulded. This study seeks to investigate the historical milieu and main ideas of Japanese efforts for the elderly education around the 1970’s. Especially, it focuses on the context of changing image of older people, the relatedness of ‘la culture vivante’ and ‘collaborative learning’ with their moto ‘ikigai’(a Japanese word for raison d''etre). For conclusion, it concedes that Japanese efforts for the elderly education are distinguished for their self-motivated impulse in start, and voluntary activities and services for society on the part of participant elderly learners.

노인학습자의 취업역량 개발을 위한 교육요구 분석

The purpose of this study is to analyze differences between the perceived importance and performance for the development of employment competency among elderly learners and is to identify prioritize their educational needs. Through the literature review, this study was divided the elderly learners’ employment competency such as preparation competency for job hunting, basic job competency, and vocational adjustment competency and analyzed the level of importance and performance with 12 competencies through t-test analysis. Borich Priority Formula and the Locus for Focus model were used to compare priorities and determine the items for educational needs of elderly learners’ employment competency. According to result, all items between the perceived importance and performance for the development of employment competency among elderly learners were found statistically significant differences. The largest item of competency for elderly learners was verified self-understanding and job-hunting design. The top priority item of educational needs for employment competency among elderly learners was shown as self-understanding and job-hunting design. The second items in priority were derived by ability of adjusting to change and interpersonal ability. Therefore, the findings of the study will contribute to the improved employment rate of elderly learners based on the development of educational programs around the employment competency of elderly learners on top priority at lifelong education institutions or at the local level.

A Study on the Exploration of Factors and Development of Elderly Music Education Model through Delphi Survey

The objective of this study is to develop the elderly music education model applying the perspective of lifelong education to improve the life quality of elderly learners. In order to verify the elements and validity of elderly music education model drawn through literature research, total two times of Delphi survey were conducted with 20 experts in five areas. Based on the results of this study, the validity of elderly music education model was verified, and then the model was determined. The determined elderly music education model is composed of three large domains such as ‘health domain(emotional and physical health)’, ‘cognition domain(comprehension, memory, creativity)’, and ‘execution domain(communication between generations, return to society, job related to music)’, 8 factors, and 12 sub-elements. In the Delphi research, emotional health factor in health domain was the highest, which was followed by cognition domain and execution domain in order. As the elderly of the present time has diverse background such as health condition, academic background, and ecomomic power, the future elderly music education model should reflect the diverse aspect of current elderly generation. For the prevention of dementia and the enhancement of brain activities decreased by aging, the education of execution domain and cognition domain could be helpful for improving the life quality of elderly learners. This new music education model could hopefully contribute to the expansion and development of opportunities of music education for elderly learners.

A model of integrating elder learning into higher education: a case from a Hong Kong university

ABSTRACT This article describes a learning unit for seniors within a university in Hong Kong, as an example of offering lifelong learning opportunities for senior adults. This article reports and discusses findings from a small-scale research study conducted at the unit, which aimed to explore the effectiveness of the current mode of integrating elder learning into higher education, specifically how this related to the promotion of intergenerational learning between elders and university students. This article reports on the findings of a quantitative survey conducted with elders, university students and instructors, in order to compare their views on the impact of a mixed intergenerational classroom and to identify the benefits of elder learning. The most positive impact of the mixed-class arrangement was upon the elder learners, who reported very positive learning experiences and a number of positive benefits to learning. All three groups positively reported that the class arrangement did improve intergenerational learning. Whilst all three groups responded very positively to the mixed-class arrangement and presence of elders, there were less positive responses reported from both undergraduates and their instructors as to the impact of elders in the same class upon helping undergraduates learn better.

高齡者終身學習經驗之探討：社會結構與行動的分析 A Study on the Lifelong Learning Experiences of Elderly Learners: An Analysis of Social Structure and Agency

高齡者終身學習經驗之探討：社會結構與行動的分析 A Study on the Lifelong Learning Experiences of Elderly Learners: An Analysis of Social Structure and Agency

A study on the elderly female learner’s experience of participation and non-persistence in a credential recognition literacy program

A study on the elderly female learner’s experience of participation and non-persistence in a credential recognition literacy program

중고령층 문해학습자의 흥미 유발 및 학습 효과를 높이는 문해교육 방법

본 연구는 중고령층 문해학습자의 흥미 유발 및 학습 효과를 높이는 문해교육 방법을 제시하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 충북 중고령층 문해교사, 기관 운영자, 평생교육사, 문해학습자 총11명을 면담 및 참여관찰 하였다. 연구결과 중고령층 학습자들은 배운 것을 쉽게 잊어버리고 받아쓰기를 통해 글씨를 정확하게 익히며, 높은 경쟁 심리 등 공부가 일상생활에서 1순위가 되고 있다. 글씨 형성 의미를 알게하는 놀이활동, 실생활과 연결된 학습, 받아쓰기가 기억력 및 인지력 향상에 효과적이다. 또한 일상생활에서 익숙한 재료를 활용한 만들기, 교과서에 나오는 극과 시로 역할극, 글씨 큰 그림 동화책 활용, 팀 단위 게임 및 활동, 배우기 쉬운 악기 및 노래 부르기, 공연 및 발표회 등 무대 경험, 실생활 및 교육문화시설 현장 체험 등이 중고령층의 흥미와 학습 효과를 높일 수 있다. 결과 공유 발표회 및 연합 행사, 자료 및 재료비, 문해교사 역량강화 교육 및 공유, 문해교육 연중 운영, 학력인정과정과 병행 및 보조강사 지원이 중요하다. 시사점으로는 문해교사 교육, 보조강사 활용, 학력인정 문해교육과정 활성화 방안에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

A Study on Core Values Needed to Establish Learning Web for Elderly People in Aging Society

우리나라는 고령사회로의 이행이 빠르게 가속화되는 가운데 노년기의 학습에 대한 개인적, 사회적 관심이 높아지고 있다. 곧 베이버 부머 세대들이 본격적으로 노년세대로 진입하는 등 해가 갈수록 새로운 노인들이 생겨나고 있으나 그에 맞는 교육영역에서의 대응은 여전히 미비하다. 현재의 민간에서 운영되는 노인교실, 노인복지관의 노인대학, 시니어클럽에서 제공되는 직업훈련 및 창업훈련, 중앙정부와 지방정부 차원에서 운영되는 노인인력개발원과 노인취업교육기관들, 일부 노인요양시설들 그리고 대학에서 운영하는 시니어대학 등을 제외하고는 노인을 대상으로 전문적으로 운영하는 교육(프로그램)이 없다. 이러한 상황에서 노인학습자들은 기하급수적으로 증가하는데 비해 공급은 여전히 부족하며 그 마저도 다양한 노인의 요구를 충족시키기에는 어려움이 많다. 이러한 상황에서 노인학습자들의 주체적인 그리고 노인학습자들간의 자발적인 네트워크 기반의 학습이 더 요구된다. 이러한 노인학습망의 조성을 위한 논의는 매우 필요한데 이를 위한 이론적 모형을 제공할 수 있는 것이 Illich의 <학습망>담론이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 노인교육의 공급망 현황을 파악하고 Illich의 학습망 담론은 분석한 후 현장에서 통용가능한 노인학습망 조성을 위한 핵심가치를 논의하여 융합, 연결, 무형식학습, 지역성, 기호망, 존재지향이라는 결과를 도출하였다.The Republic of Korea is rapidly moving into an aging society. Under these circumstances, personal and social interests in learning during the elderly period have been on the rise. The baby-boom generation soon enters the elderly age range, and the number of elderly people keeps rising every year. However, the educational systems for these elderly people are still poor. At present, there are some educational facilities for the aged such as senior classes operated with private funds, elders’ colleges in senior welfare centers, vocational training & startup straining programs at senior clubs, government-run Korea Labor Force Development Institute for the Aged and job training institutes for the aged, some elderly care facilities and senior colleges. Other than the above mentioned, there are no professional educational programs designed for the aged. While the number of elderly learners is rising at a rapid pace, the educational facilities for them are still short. Even the existing facilities are not enough to meet elderly people’s diverse needs. Therefore, there has been a rising demand for learner-led or voluntary network-based learning. In addition, discussion on the establishment of a learning network for the aged is critical. It is Illich’s ‘Learning Web’ theory which can provide a theoretical model for such discussion. This study investigated a current educational network for elderly people in the Republic of Korea and analyzed Illich’s Learning Web. Then, it discussed core values needed to establish a practical learning web for the aged and derived the following results: convergence, connection, informal learning, locality, semiotic net, being orientation.