Eld Tests Research Articles

Design and Development of Manually Operated Single Row Planter for Groundnut Seeds

India is one among the most important producers of oilseeds within the world and occupies a crucial position within the Indian agricultural economy. Groundnut is also called as wonder nut and cashew nut of poor man. Groundnut is one among the foremost important cash crops of our country. Farm mechanization is an important element of agriculture. Mechanization of groundnut farming is an essential input in modern agriculture. The level of farm mechanization in India stands at about 40-45 per cent with states such as UP, Haryana and Punjab having very high mechanization levels, but north-eastern states having negligible mechanization. This level of farm mechanization is still low as compared to the countries such as the U. S. (95%), Brazil (75% and China (57%). While the level of mechanization lags behind other developed countries, it has seen an average agriculture growth rate of 3.56 per cent through the last decade.A single row planter for groundnut seeds, operated by hand, was designed to enhance planting effi ciency and reduce drudgery involved in manual planting method of groundnut seed. The major components of the planter are seed hopper, seed metering device, jaw clutch, seed delivery tube, furrow opener, furrow covering wheels and drive wheel. The diameter of seed metering device was found as 11.66 cm and number of cells on the periphery of seed metering device was found as 6. The theoretical volume of designed seed hopper was found as 0.024472 m3. The overall dimensions of the designed planter were found as 1474 × 960 × 330 mm. The average speed of operation was found as 2.24 km/h during the fi eld testing. The average theoretical fi eld capacity, eff ective fi eld capacity and fi eld effi ciency was found as 0.101 ha/h, 0.081 ha/h and 81.35 per cent respectively. Average seed rate was found as 65.08 kg/ha during the fi eld testing of developed planter. This planter is considered economical with ease of operation, requiring no special skill to operate and can be adopted by the farmers for the planting of groundnut seed.

URBAN PLANNING METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE DESTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS AFFECTED BY HOSTILITIES

This article discusses the task of developing an urban planning methodology for assessing the degree of destruction of residential areas aff ected by hostilities in Syrian cities. This methodology will be the basis for the theoretical substantiation of the process of restoration the destroyed residential areas of the cities and their functional planning organization in the context of ongoing military confl icts. The research is based on the methodology for assessing the degree of destruction of buildings presented in GOST R 42.2.01-20141 « Civil defense. Assessment of the state of potentially dangerous facilities, defense and security facilities under the infl uence of damaging factors of conventional weapons» .The state of the buildings destruction is determined using satellite imagery as well as fi eld tests. The parameters of the damaging factors are determined analytically. The developed methodology makes it possible to determine the degree of destruction of residential areas within the radius of destruction formed by the excess pressure of the blast wave and the explosives used and to assess the suitability for recovery in the context of continued hostilities. On the basis of the established degree of destruction of residential areas, a scheme of urban planning zoning of the residential area of Homs was made.

Folic acid reduces the ethanol-induced morphological and behavioral defects in embryonic and larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

The objective of this work was to determine whether folic acid (FA) reduces the embryonic ethanol (EtOH) exposure induced behavioral and morphological defects in our zebrafish fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) model. Teratogenic effects, mortality, the excitatory light-dark locomotion (ELD), sleep (SL), thigmotaxis (TH), touch sensitivity (TS), and optomotor response (OMR) tests were evaluated in larvae (6–7 days post-fertilization) using four treatment conditions: Untreated, FA, EtOH and EtOH + FA. FA reduced morphological defects on heart, eyes and swim bladder inflation seen in EtOH exposed fish. The larvae were more active in the dark than in light conditions, and EtOH reduced the swimming activity in the ELD test. EtOH affected the sleep pattern, inducing several arousal periods and increasing inactivity in zebrafish. FA reduces these toxic effects and produced more consistent inactivity during the night, reducing the arousal periods. FA also prevented the EtOH-induced defects in thigmotaxis and optomotor response of the larvae. We conclude that in this FASD model, EtOH exposure produced several teratogenic and behavioral defects, FA reduced, but did not totally prevent, these defects. Understanding of EtOH-induced behavioral defects could help to identify new therapeutic or prevention strategies for FASD.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF GRID CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM USING TRNSYS 17

1The depletion of fossil fuel resources on a worldwide basis has necessitated an urgent search for alternative energy sources to meet up the present day demands. Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most promising applications of PV systems. The amount of incident solar radiation signicantly determines the electricity produced by photovoltaic (PV) systems. The paper examines the performance as well as economic feasibility of 1kWp grid-connected PV systems installed at kovilpatti. Further, possible plant capacity is estimated for an arbitrarily chosen area. The modelling and simulation has been done using TRNSYS 17 which helps for an accurate prediction of long term performance. Results obtained from the eld test and simulation results from TRNSYS 17 are to be correlated aimed to attain maximum performance of the system.

Влияние гепарина и этанола на ориентировочно- исследовательское поведение крыс в тесте «Открытое поле»

Влияние гепарина и этанола на ориентировочно- исследовательское поведение крыс в тесте «Открытое поле»

АГРОТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА МАШИН ДЛЯ НАРЕЗКИ ГРЯД И ГРЕБНЕЙ

The authors propose a method for the assessment the energy effi ciency of soil cultivation machines for forming seedbeds and ridges when growing potatoes, Jerusalem artichoke and other vegetables, taking into account the relationship between agrotechnical and energy indicators. The paper describes the results of comparative fi eld tests of tillage machines with diff erent working tools for the same type of technological processes. It is advisable to use the indicator of the unit power consumption, referred to the average diameter of soil clods. The indicator of specifi c power per average clod diameter for the FGF-1 rotary tiller amounted to 4.0...4.3 kW/mm, for the GPK-2 rotary tiller – 3.3...4.3 kW/mm, and for the KG-1 ridge cultivator – 2.6...3.2 kW/mm. The required power for operation of the cultivator with passive working tools at the maximum possible speed is 5...15% lower, however, the GPK-2 and FGF-1 tillers with active working tools demonstrated higher agrotechnical indicators. For cutting ridges on pre-planting treatment of loamy soil of a medium and heavy mechanical composition, it is recommended to use a rotary cultivator FGF-1, for cutting ridges – a rotary tiller GPK-2. On pre-planting ridging and post-planting inter-row cultivation of light loamy soil the KG-1 tiller with passive working tools is a more preferable solution

Accuracy assessment of the Ring of Fire system for on-site aerodynamic drag measurements

: Nowadays, professional and ambitious amateur athletes are seeking small aerodynamic improvements relying on wind tunnel balance measurements, velodrome tests, and outdoor i¬eld tests. Many new companies have specialized in offering such testing days, which underlines the growing importance and demand on improving the aerodynamic efi¬ciency. However, one of the big drawbacks of these traditional testing methods is that they act as a black box, as only overall drag data can be extracted, without visualizing the i¬‚ow structures around the cyclist, which could be used to identify the region that offers the greatest potential. In order to gain further insight into the i¬‚ow around the cyclist, other approaches need to be employed. One of the methods is CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) which allows simulating the airi¬‚ow around the cyclist numerically. Even though this method shows the capability of simulating complex i¬‚ows in sports, as shown in Gardan et al. (2017), it is often limited to an idealized environment without modelling the transiting behaviour occurring in most sports, like the pedalling motion of a cyclist. Recently a new testing method has been developed  that quantifies the on-road aerodynamic drag of athletes in motion and visualizes the flow field in its wake (Spoelstra et al., 2019). The measurement system is based on large-scale stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements over a plane crossed by the cyclist. The measurement concept is referred with the name Ring of Fire (RoF) as the vehicle crosses a region of intense light.

P.6.c.006 - Evolution of the composition of cannabis in Spain

The objective of this work was to determine whether folic acid (FA) reduces the embryonic ethanol (EtOH) exposure induced behavioral and morphological defects in our zebrafish fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) model. Teratogenic effects, mortality, the excitatory light-dark locomotion (ELD), sleep (SL), thigmotaxis (TH), touch sensitivity (TS), and optomotor response (OMR) tests were evaluated in larvae (6–7 days post-fertilization) using four treatment conditions: Untreated, FA, EtOH and EtOH + FA. FA reduced morphological defects on heart, eyes and swim bladder inflation seen in EtOH exposed fish. The larvae were more active in the dark than in light conditions, and EtOH reduced the swimming activity in the ELD test. EtOH affected the sleep pattern, inducing several arousal periods and increasing inactivity in zebrafish. FA reduces these toxic effects and produced more consistent inactivity during the night, reducing the arousal periods. FA also prevented the EtOH-induced defects in thigmotaxis and optomotor response of the larvae. We conclude that in this FASD model, EtOH exposure produced several teratogenic and behavioral defects, FA reduced, but did not totally prevent, these defects. Understanding of EtOH-induced behavioral defects could help to identify new therapeutic or prevention strategies for FASD.

Testing the no-hair property of black holes with x-ray observations of accretion disks

eld around the black hole. In this paper the possibility of using the X-ray emission as a strong eld test of General Relativity is explored by calculating the spectra for both the transition line and thermal emission from a thin accretion disk in a series of parametrically deformed Kerr metrics. In addition the possibility of constraining a number of known black hole spacetimes in alternative theories of gravity is considered.

Quinoa as a promising pseudocereal crop for Ukraine

The article provides an assessment of perspectives of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L.) cultivation in Ukraine, based on international experience and original fi eld tests, with the aim of ensuring further development and diversifi cation of crop production in Ukraine and expanding modern crop rotation systems. The data on the taxonomic position of quinoa and its relationships with other species of the genus Chenopodium and the history of species domestication are provided. Quinoa is a crop of high nutritional value and can be used in gluten-free diets, which are important components of human ration. The results of test cultivation of quinoa in 2013–2014 under conditions of the experimental agricultural farm of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Na- tional Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, located in Vasylkiv District (rayon) of Kyiv Region (oblast), are pro- vided. It is concluded that quinoa is a promising crop for domestic grain producers. The introduction of quinoa into crop rotation systems can improve ecological conditions of agroecosystems and promote restoration of soil fertility in the country without diminishing the revenues of farmers.

English

The present study investigated a possible antidepressant-like activity of flavonoids extracted from Apocynum venetum leaves using two predictive tests for antidepressant effect on rodents: the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). Additionally, the monoaminergic mechanisms involved in the antidepressant-like effect of AV-extract in the mouse forced swimming test (FST) were evaluated. The extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.g.) produced antidepressant-like effects in the FST and TST, without accompanying changes in ambulation distances (open-field test). The antidepressant-like effects of AV-extract (50 mg/kg, i.g.) was prevented by the pretreatment of mice with ketanserin (5 mg/kg, s.c., a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist), cyproheptadine (3 mg/kg, i.g., a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonist), prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.g., an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist), yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.g., an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist) or propranolol (2 mg/kg, i.g., aβ-adrenoceptor antagonist), SCH23390 (0.05 mg/kg, i.g., a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist) and sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.g., a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist). By contrast, pretreatment of mice with WAY 100635 (0.1 mg/kg, s.c., a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonist) did not counteract the antidepressant-like effect of AV-extract in the TST. It can be concluded that the AV-extract produces an antidepressant-like effects in the FST and in the TST through interaction with the serotonergic (5-HT2A and 5-HT2 receptors), noradrenergic (α1-adrenoceptor, α2-adrenoceptor, a β-adrenoceptor) and dopaminergic (D1 and D2 receptors) systems. Taken together, our results suggest that AV-extract deserves further investigation as a putative alternative therapeutic tool that could help the conventional pharmacotherapy of depression.   Key words: Antidepressant, AV-extract, serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, tail suspension test, forced swimming test. &nbsp

Evaluation of false alarm rates of a walkthrough detection portal designed for detecting triacetone triperoxide (tatp) vapour from field test results and receiver operating characteristic (roc) curves

We have been developing a “walkthrough detection portal system” with the aim of preventing terrorist attacks or criminal bombings in crowded public places. The portal system consists of a vapour sampler, an atmospheric-pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) ion source, and an explosives detector based on ion-trap mass spectrometry (ITMS). The system can detect triacetone triperoxide (TATP) vapour at a high throughput (1,200 persons per hour). We tested the two-portal systems at the automated ticket gate areas of a train station to obtain background signal data from passengers. The fi eld test results for 9,951 passengers indicated that the false positive rate of the portal system for TATP detection was below 0.01% when multi-marker detection logic was used, although it was about 0.5‐2.0% with single marker detection (m/z 75, 77 or 91). We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves obtained from the fi eld test results at the train station and the calibration curves of the walkthrough detection portal system to evaluate the relationship between a true positive rate and a false positive rate. The ROC curves for the TATP vapour indicated the true positive rate of the walkthrough detection portal exceeded 99% with the false positive rate below 0.1%, even when only 1 mL TATP vapour was tested. It is concluded from the ROC curves that this detection portal system has suffi cient sensitivity and selectivity for detecting TATP in places where many people come and go.

Molecular physiological mechanism on consecutive monoculture problems of Rehmannia glutinosa

Rehmannia glutinosa, a famous Chinese medicinal plant, is not suitable for consecutive monoculture, because there are autotoxic metabolites excreted by its tuberous roots, which can greatly limit the plant growth and development. In this research, cultivar “Wen 85-5” R. glutinosa under three diTerent cultivation modes, including the newly planted, the two-year and three-year consecutively monocultured, was used in the $eld test. +e diTerential expression of leaf proteins, physiological changes and corresponding medicinal quality of tuberous roots at the early tuberous root enlargement stage were detected and compared in diTerent years of consecutive monoculture. +e results showed that consecutive monoculture resulted in decrement of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity and root activity, but increases in free radicals and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the content of catalpol, the main medicinal ingredient in R. glutinosa tuberous roots was analyzed by FTIR and HPLC. +e result showed that consecutive monoculture resulted in declined medicinal ingredients. Comparative proteomics analysis revealed 20 diTerentially expressed protein spots in response to increasing years of monoculture. Among them, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) kinase, Rubisco, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase related to Calvin cycle, and other proteins, i.e. proteasome, malonyl CoA-ACP transferase, antioxidases, pathogenesis-related protein and mRNA-binding protein were down-regulated with increasing years of monoculture. While energy metabolism related proteins (ATP synthase subunit β, ATPase, ATP-binding protein) and stress response related proteins (heat shock proteins) were up-regulated. +erefore it was concluded that consecutive monoculture of R. glutinosa remarkably aTected the physiological reactions and induced the changes in the expression of leaf proteins, this in turn had a negative impact on the biomass and its quality of the medicinal plants

Autonomy of action among elderly women on physical activity programs in Brazil and Belgium: a comparative study

Autonomy of action is important for quality of life. This study compared the autonomy of action of elderly female participants on physical activity programs in Brazil (IMMA, n=47, age=75±5 years) and Belgium (ISEPK, n=77; age=69±7 years), using the Senior System for Evaluation of Autonomy of Action (SysSen). The SysSen is composed of a questionnaire (QSAP) about the aerobic power and upper limb strength needed for a life perceived as autonomous, and a fi eld test (TSMP), in which the subject walks 800 m carrying predetermined loads. The QSAP results are used to calculate an Index of Expressed Autonomy (IAE) and the TSMP to calculate an Index of Potential Autonomy (IAP). The ratio of IAP to IAE then gives an Index of Autonomy of Action (IAP/IAE=ISAC). An ISAC of 1.0 or more defi nes the subject as independent. IMMA and ISEPK data were compared with ANOVA for repeated measures or Friedman ANOVA, depending on distribution (p<.05). The results revealed that: a) the IAP was lower for women on the IMMA than for those on the ISEPK, whereas their needs in terms of physical activities (IAE) were similar; b) Most of the IMMA subjects had ISAC<1.0, in contrast with those on the ISEPK program; c) In both groups, the activities related to aerobic power made a greater contribution to the IAE than those depending on upper limb strength; d) All four parts of the QSAP made similar contributions to the IAE. In conclusion, the elderly women from IMMA had defi cits in autonomy of action, mainly as a result of insuffi cient physical fi tness for the declared demands of daily activities.

Determination of atmospheric trace gases by infrared differential absorption lidar

A differential absorption lidar system for detection of atmospheric pollutants based on the middle infrared tandem optical parametric oscillator is presented. The characteristics of the signal obtained by detecting radiation backscattered from different topographical objects were measured in the eld test of the system. These characteristics were used to calculate the minimum detectable concentration of several atmospheric pollutants: ozone, methane, ammonia, etc. Most of the gases can be detected below typical background concentrations for the low-polluted atmosphere.

Chronic oral administration of ginseng extract results in behavioral change but has no effects in mice models of affective and anxiety disorders

Ginseng is a popular 'tonic' herb in Chinese traditional medicine with diverse biological activity. The core of ginseng's therapeutic abilities is thought to be its neuroprotective actions in increasing cellular resilience. These actions coincide with novel theories of affective and anxiety disorders and raise the possibility that ginseng may serve as medication for these common and devastating diseases. The present study was designed to explore the possible effects of chronic ginseng extract, administered in a clinically relevant schedule (similar to antidepressants) in animal models of affective and anxiety disorders. Groups of mice received chronic oral treatment with ginseng extract (500 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks) and were tested in a large open eld, in the emergence test for anxiolytic activity, the forced swim test for antidepressant activity and the amphetamine hyperactivity test for mood stabilizing activity. Chronic ginseng had a signicant effect on reducing spontaneous locomotor activity in the open eld test but not on the distribution of activity and had no inssuence on the performance of mice in any of the specic models. Although the extract used in this study contained signicant levels of ginsenosides, detailed analysis of the brain levels of the active ingredients of ginseng may be needed to make a far reaching conclusion. However, the doses and schedule of administration of ginseng used in the present study induced some behavioral changes but did not inssuence affective- and anxiety-like measures.

Comparison of the maximum cardiac frequency through aerobic and anaerobic profile tests

The control of some parameters along the periods is an important procedure of physical preparation in order to establish the in- tensity of the correct training. The maximum heart rate is an important variable in the control of the training. The objective of this study was to compare the response of the FCM evidence obtained in the VO 2max of fi eld, with a proof of anaerobic profi le in young practitioners of regular physical activity. They made part of the study of a group of 34 subjects (25 men and 9 women), with an age range between 20 and 29 years. All regular physical activity is done in the last 5 months. There were a total of four racing proofs in a 400 meters athletic track. One of the tests had an anaerobic profi le (T-C 600MTS = Test race of 600 meters), and three other with aerobic characteristics, to determine the VO 2max (TC - C12min = Cooper Test, 12 minutes; TC-C 2400mt s = Cooper Test, 2,400 meters; TC-C 3200mts = Test run of 3,200 meters). The own evaluated selected the order of their tests, and at least two, according to their level of interest, forming this way, different groups. This way, were formed the following groups: (TC-C 12min vs. TC-C 600mt s) (TC-C 2400mts vs. TC-C 600mts ) (TC-C 12min vs. TC-C 2400mts ) and (TC-C 12min vs. TC- C 3200mts ). The statistical proces- sing used in a descriptive analysis was next to the Student t test for paired data, with a signifi cance level of P < 0.05. The results obtained from men, indicated in all groups, no signifi cant difference between the responses of the FCM. Even among women, the results were similar, except the group (TC-C 2400mts vs. TC - C 600mts ) where he recorded signifi cant differences (P < 0.05), compared to a FCM of 197 + 4.6 bpm (TC- C 2400mts ), facing the 190 + 5.5 bpm (TC-C 600mt s). As a completion of this work, it is possible to take as a reference, to estimate the FCM, the fi eld tests to determine VO 2max applied in this study, as well as a proof of anaerobic profi le, such as the 600 meters with maximum speed.