Elastic Coefficients Research Articles

Synergistically enhanced flexibility, mechanical strength and microwave absorption performances of TPE-based hybrid films via thermally assisted homogeneous separation technology

With the ever-growing electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution and the rising demand of flexible absorbing materials pasted onto the surfaces of different geometric surfaces, it is urgent to develop high-efficiency EM wave absorption films with good flexibility and mechanical strength. Traditional processing methods endow the film superior features that can be adapted to targeted geometric surfaces and complex conditions, however, the durability is not satisfactory. Confronted with the tough problem, in this work, optimized thermally assisted homogeneous separation technology was proposed to fabricate the thermoplastic elastomer-based magnetic/dielectric two-phase mixed EM wave absorption films, which can achieve good flexibility, machinability, mechanical strength, as well as excellent EM wave absorption performances due to the uniform filling of elastoplastic skeletons and chain-bridge effect between chains and particles. Benefitting from these merits, the as-prepared films exhibit good flexibility and fine mechanical properties, like good deformability (300% of the deformation compared to its original length) and low elastic coefficient (323.8 Pa). Moreover, good EM wave absorption performances can also be balanced, for example, broad effective bandwidth (>14 GHz) and tunable frequency response from high frequency to low frequency. In all, this work opens up a new pathway to realize the integration of strong EM response, good flexibility, and fine mechanical properties, and the obtained films exhibit great potentials as flexible EM wave absorption materials that can be pasted on or peeled off the targeted surfaces at any time.

Uniaxial Creep Test Analysis on Creep Characteristics of Fully Weathered Sandy Shale

The creep damage behavior of rocks is very important for evaluating the stability and safety of key rock engineering. Based on the Lianhua Tunnel Project in China, this paper aims to study the creep damage mechanics, the influencing factors and the creep constitutive models of sandy shale. In order to achieve these goals, a uniaxial compressive strength test and a creep test under different moisture contents and load levels were carried out. According to the test results, the creep parameters (elastic coefficients E1 and E2 and viscosity coefficients η1 and η2) of the Burgers Model were achieved, and the relationship between the creep parameters and moisture content, ω, was established accordingly (E1 = f(ω), E2 = f(ω), η1 = f(ω), η2 = f(ω)). A fully weathered sandy-shale creep constitutive model considering moisture content was finally obtained. Test results showed that creep deformation increases with any increase in load level or moisture content, and the influence of moisture content is more significant. For instance, creep deformation increased by 35% when the load increased by 50%, and creep deformation increased by 82% when the moisture content increased by 45%. In addition, the creep rate in the steady stage and the duration of the primary creep stage increased with any increase in moisture content or load level. The higher the moisture content, the greater the influence of creep deformation on the total deformation. The creep model of fully weathered sandy shale showed that the elastic coefficients (E1, E2) and the viscosity coefficients (η1, η2) are negatively correlated to moisture content; E1 is negatively correlated to load level; and E2, η1 and η2 are positively correlated to load level. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of fully weathered sandy shale can improve the existing research of creep properties and is expected to provide theoretical support for treatment of large deformation disasters in the fully weathered sandy-shale stratum.

Rheological Analysis of 3D Printed Elements of Acrylonitrile Butadiene and Styrene Material Using Multiparameter Ideal Body Models.

The growing application of additive technologies in various industrial fields determines the undertaking of research in this direction. The need to study mechanical properties, including rheological properties, is necessitated by the use of additively manufactured models as utility models. Furthermore, the values of mechanical properties are affected by the technological parameters of 3D printing. One of the popular engineering materials used in 3D printing is acrylonitrile butadiene and styrene, commonly known by the abbreviated name ABS, which is quite hard and resistant to high temperatures. This article presents a study of the rheological properties of ABS material using multiparameter ideal body models. Two rheological phenomena of stress relaxation and creep were evaluated. The effects of two technological parameters, layer height and printing direction, on the resulting values of elastic moduli and dynamic viscosity coefficients were also evaluated. The elastic moduli and dynamic viscosity coefficients were calculated using the Maxwell-Wiechert and Kelvin-Voight models. The study showed the effect of layer height on rheological properties. Moreover, very good fit was obtained between the multiparameter rheological models and the experimental curves, which are shown by the average value of and . The presented research can be used by designers to design machine parts or car or aircraft components. Moreover, research expands knowledge of the mechanical properties of additively manufactured parts.

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Heart Soft Tissue Motion

The modeling and simulation of biological tissue is the core part of a virtual surgery system. In this study, the geometric and physical methods related to soft tissue modeling were investigated. Regarding geometric modeling, the problem of repeated inverse calculations of control points in the Bezier method was solved via re-parameterization, which improved the calculation speed. The base surface superposition method based on prior information was proposed to make the deformation model not only have the advantages of the Bezier method but also have the ability to fit local irregular deformation surfaces. Regarding physical modeling, the fitting ability of the particle spring model to the anisotropy of soft tissue was improved by optimizing the topological structure of the particle spring model. Then, the particle spring model had a more extensive nonlinear fitting ability through the dynamic elastic coefficient parameter. Finally, the secondary modeling of the elastic coefficient based on the virtual body spring enabled the model to fit the creep and relaxation characteristics of biological tissue according to the elongation of the virtual body spring.

МОДЕЛЬ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ПОДАТКОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ НА СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА У КОНТЕКСТІ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The aim of the article is to develop an applied methodology for identifying promising areas of agricultural development in Ukraine, which is based on the optimization of the tax burden on the industry through the use of production and institutional function. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the concept of Laffer curve and methods of scientific knowledge (econometric methods of studying the impact of taxes on the economy, regression analysis). The study uses a methodological approach that allows to optimize the tax burden on agriculture, which increases the industry’s output at a significantly lower level of the tax burden. With the help of econometric modeling, the optimal values of the tax burden have been calculated; the main patterns of the impact of the tax burden on the economic growth of agricultural production have been determined. The modern development of agriculture within the framework of the concept of sustainable development should be aimed at achieving food security and slowing down global warming. In order to obtain opportunities for the real implementation of the declared sustainable development goals in practice, economic entities in the country’s agricultural sector must function effectively according to the criteria of socio-economic, environmental and financial efficiency. One of the most effective levers for achieving such components of efficiency in the current conditions of the development of agriculture in Ukraine is the optimization of the tax burden. It has been established that the indicators of the tax burden have a significant impact on the development trajectory of the industry and form opportunities for increasing the level of social protection of the population. To identify and model the impact of the tax burden on the development of agriculture and the possibility of achieving signs of sustainable development, it is proposed to use a four-factor production-institutional function. As econometric parameters of the functioning of the economic and production system of the agrarian sector, the level of wages, the volume of capital investments, land area, and taxes are chosen. The econometric parameters demonstrated by the elasticity coefficients of the selected factors made it possible to calculate the Laffer points of the first and second order, on the basis of which the level of the tax burden is justified, which contributes to the growth of agricultural production in the context of tax optimization. pressure on the industry. Further research should be aimed at developing a strategy for the development of agriculture in Ukraine

Assessment of the Impact of Small Business in Industry to Socio-Economic Development of Khorezm Region

In this paper, conducted econometric analysis to estimate role of industry in socio-economic development of Khorezm region is given. Coefficient of elasticity for assessing role of industry on GRP was used. Based on the results, scientific-practical proposals and recommendations were developed to increase role of industry on socio economic development and added value.

Development of the Layout of the Experimental Setup for Determining the Stiffness Coefficient of Cylindrical Springs and Studying Free Harmonic Oscillations

Purpose of research. Is to develop a layout of an experimental setup that allows conducting research with elastic elements by exercising a force impact on them as well as automatic data collection and analysis, which allows determining the stiffness coefficient and investigating simple harmonic oscillations.Methods. The developed device makes it possible to determine elasticity coefficient of the spring applying two methods – static and dynamic. The dynamic method requires strict adherence to a certain procedure of experimental stydy. In this case, the system under study is under the action of a restoring force directly proportional to the displacement, i.e. it is a simple generator of harmonic oscillations. The prototype of the experimental setup being created includes a supporting structure, a control system to which an ultrasonic distance measurement sensor is connected, and a special mobile application that allows visualizing and recording the results of measurements in a user-friendly form.Results. The developed prototype makes it possible to determine spring deformation by static and dynamic methods; the presence of a special mobile application for devices with the Android operating system allows the user to control the device from his mobile phone. The experimental device allows visualizing the obtained data graphically and export them to a file of variable values. Exported values are displayed in tabular form for further processing using statistical tools or numerical computing applications.Conclusion. To improve the quality of the educational and training process of physics students it is necessary to introduce special equipment for experimental research into the educational process. Such equipment can be applied in the studies conducted in various sections of mechanics, including kinematics, oscillatory motion, impact, elasticity, etc.

СИНТЕЗ ЦИФРОВОГО РЕГУЛЯТОРА ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ СТАБИЛИЗАЦИИ ПОДВОДНОГО ОБЪЕКТА

The article presents the results of the development and synthesis of a hydraulic system forstabilizing an underwater object. For completeness and accuracy of mathematical modeling in thehydraulic system, the forces of dry friction between the piston and the walls of the hydraulic cylinder,the forces of dry friction between the rod and the hydraulic cylinder, which together determinethe total dry friction force in the active hydraulic cylinder, the total dry friction force in thepassive hydraulic cylinder, and the acceleration of movement, are taken into account. Also takeninto account is the reduced mass of the system of blocks and chain hoist, the mass of the movingparts of the active and passive hydraulic cylinders. After calculating the mass and dynamic characteristicsof the hydraulic stabilization system, mathematical modeling of the developed systemwas carried out. In the process of developing and synthesizing the system, the features and typicalnon-linearities of the hydraulic and pneumatic parts included in the system were taken into account,such as the flow characteristic of a spool-type hydraulic valve, low leakage and compressioncosts in the working cavities of the active hydraulic cylinder. When designing, the adiabaticnature of the process in the pneumohydraulic displacer was adopted, since the reaction andmovement of the hydraulic stabilization system occurs quite quickly, which means that the heatexchange with the environment will be negligible. In the process of synthesizing the mathematicalmodel of the system, the nonlinearity of the rope elasticity coefficient is taken into account. A studyof the stability of the mathematical model of the stabilization system was carried out and a synthesisof the control system for the hydraulic part of the system was carried out using a fairly commonPID controller. The PID controller parameters were calculated using a standard calculationmethod. Since the result of the operation of the stabilization system with such a synthesis of thecontrol system strongly depended on the perturbation signal, it was decided to increase the invarianceof the system with respect to the input signal by introducing a combined control. Such animprovement of the system turned out to be sufficient to improve the quality of the mathematicalmodel of the hydraulic stabilization system. A digital redesign of the controller was carried out,the features of the operation of analog-to-digital transducers of sensors were taken into account.The simulation results showed the operability of such a control system.

Microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture toughness of ECAPed magnesium matrix composite reinforced with hydroxyapatite ceramic particulates for bioabsorbable implants

Employing ceramic particles like hydroxyapatite to fabricate magnesium-based bio-composite has received incredible attention in orthopedic applications due to their bioactivity and biocompatibility. Besides, applying severe plastic deformation methods like equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), in addition to eliminating defects induced by casting, causes the metallurgical and mechanical behavior improvement of Mg/HA bio-composites. In this paper, the combined effects of HA particles and the ECAP process with Bc route on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture toughness behavior of Mg/HA bio-composite fabricated through the electromagnetic and mechanical stir casting method were evaluated. Furthermore, a non-contact digital image correlation (DIC) method was adopted to accurately assess the elastic and plastic parameters and crack propagation during the fracture toughness test. Microstructural observation demonstrated that the addition of HA particles and, subsequently, applying four passes of the ECAP process on the bio-composites not only decreased the grain size by a considerable amount of 92%, but also resulted in a homogenous microstructure. Moreover, according to the results of the mechanical tests, after four-pass ECAP, although the compressive yield stress of Mg/HA bio-composite did not significantly change, the highest tensile yield stress, ultimate tensile, and compressive strength were accomplished. Among all elastic and plastic parameters, the elastic modulus and strength coefficient have continuously risen with adding HA and increasing the number of ECAP passes. However, the strain hardening exponent has decreased noticeably with the addition of HA, and the ECAP process compensated for some of this reduction. In addition, reinforcing magnesium with HA particles and improving the dislocation density caused by increasing the number of ECAP passes has led to increased material resistance against crack growth, wasted energy, and, consequently, fracture toughness. In this case, the four-pass ECAPed bio-composite showed the highest fracture toughness, approximately 28 MPa m0.5, 70% more than the pure Mg.

Improved estimation of P-delta effects on the response of bilinear SDOF systems

P-delta ( PΔ) effects can worsen the seismic performance of building and bridge structures and potentially lead to dynamic instability and collapse. An accurate characterization of PΔ effects is therefore imperative, for both design and assessment of structures. Adopting an earthquake database composed of 7032 ground motions, this article uses the results of a large statistical analysis of amplifications of the displacement demand due to PΔ effects for bilinear single-degree-of-freedom systems to investigate and improve practice-oriented methods to account for PΔ effects. A large range of fundamental periods, ductility levels, and effective heights are investigated, and limits for dynamic instability and negligible PΔ effects are examined in terms of both elastic and inelastic stability coefficients. It is seen that systems with the same stability coefficient present increased PΔ induced displacement amplification with reducing fundamental period and increasing ductility level. New expressions for estimation of the median values of the PΔ displacement amplification ratio are proposed that take into account the combined effect of stability coefficient, ductility level, and fundamental period with improved transition close to dynamic instability. Results of the numerical analyses indicate that the new expressions provide improved accuracy over existing approaches without undue complexity.

Transport Accessibility and Poverty Alleviation in Guizhou Province of China: Spatiotemporal Pattern and Impact Analysis

Both transport development and poverty alleviation are vital for sustainable development. However, due to the lack of long-term, comparable, county-level transport accessibility and poverty incidence data, the spatiotemporal patterns of these factors have rarely been accurately revealed in the poverty-stricken regions of China, causing the impacts of transport accessibility on poverty alleviation to be difficult to quantify. Taking Guizhou Province in China as the study area, this study revealed the spatiotemporal patterns of transport accessibility and poverty alleviation in 88 counties from 2000 to 2018 based on multisource data, including nighttime light data, LandScan population data, and transport network data. It was found that the transport accessibility decreased from 4.9 h to 3.3 h, and the poverty index decreased from 0.75 to 0.29 on average. All these factors exhibited a “core–periphery” spatial pattern. Furthermore, the panel data regression analysis suggested that transport accessibility has played a dominant role in poverty alleviation, with an elasticity coefficient of 0.839. In the future, policies concerned to integrate transport development with rural industries such as agriculture, e-commence, and tourism are recommended for poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, which are especially significant for promoting sustainable development, securing a win–win of economic growth and social equity.

Wave dispersion analysis of natural fiber-strengthened composite beam lying on variable elastic foundation

For the first time, the dispersion of elastic waves in natural fiber-strengthened composite high-order beam rested on an elastic substrate is probed in the current article. Furthermore, a theoretical damage model is used to describe the mechanical degradation of natural fiber-strengthened composite beam during hygrothermal aging. Different three types of Winkler foundations are considered as a linear layer of the elastic foundation. To derive the equations of motion of natural fiber-strengthened composite beam, principle of Hamilton is implemented. In addition, the analytical solution is utilized to solve the derived governing equation of natural fiber-strengthened composite beam rested on Winkler–Pasternak substrate. The accuracy of using methodology is verified by those reported in the literature. The impacts of various parameters, i.e., wave number, aging time, fiber content, different types of Winkler foundation, Winkler and Pasternak parameters, α parameter and slenderness ratio on the variation of wave propagation of natural fiber strengthened composite beam are explored. Some tables and figures are provided to illustrate the obtained outcomes. The obtained results indicate that elastic foundation coefficient and wave number have an increasing effect and slenderness ratio and α parameter have decreasing effect. Furthermore, the effect of fiber content on change in wave propagation behavior depends on aging time.

The effect of temperature on the coefficient of elasticity of a spring: construction of a device for its determination and calculation of its internal energy as a training practice

An experimental work carried out within the framework of research on the development of devices for teacher training in physics at the National University of General Sarmiento is presented. The device allows the determination of the coefficient of elasticity ‘K’ of a metallic spring when its temperature is modified. The variation of the coefficient has as a direct consequence a variation in the internal energy. It is established, from the theoretical model, the way to calculate it. Finally, the construction of the device used is described and the results obtained are presented.

Does human capital complement sustainable development goals? Evidence from leading carbon emitter countries

In the quest to address economic and environmental issues, the UNDP emphasized generating synergy among various sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this regard, SDG4 (Quality of education) is the most crucial SDG, as human capital may help improve the quality of life and environment in the long run. Against this backdrop, this study explores human capital's direct and moderating effect on carbon emissions in nine leading carbon emitter nations from 1990 to 2018. We rely on a quantile approach to calculate elasticity coefficients and verify results using the cross-sectional-autoregressive-distributed lag (CS-ARDL) procedure. The results suggest that human capital leads to carbon emissions across quantiles when the direct impact of human capital on carbon emissions is assessed. Similarly, human capital helps navigate carbon emissions when interacting with industrial value-added and per-capita income. The association between the squared term of human capital and carbon emissions is negative across quantiles in leading carbon emitter nations. Besides investing in human capital, these nations need to intensify the usage of cleaner energy and advanced technologies because the elasticity coefficients of these variables are found to be negative across quantiles. We propose a sustainable growth roadmap in which interconnectedness among certain SDGs is considered.

Density functional approach to elastic properties of three-dimensional dipole-spring models for magnetic gels.

Magnetic gels are composite materials consisting of a polymer matrix and embedded magnetic particles. Those are mechanically coupled to each other, giving rise to the magnetostrictive effects as well as to a controllable overall elasticity responsive to external magnetic fields. Due to their inherent composite and thereby multiscale nature, a theoretical framework bridging different levels of description is indispensable for understanding the magnetomechanical properties of magnetic gels. In this study, we extend a recently developed density functional approach from two spatial dimensions to more realistic three-dimensional systems. Along these lines, we connect a mesoscopic characterization resolving the discrete structure of the magnetic particles to macroscopic continuum parameters of magnetic gels. In particular, we incorporate the long-range nature of the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction and consider the approximate incompressibility of the embedding media and relative rotations with respect to an external magnetic field breaking rotational symmetry. We then probe the shape of the model system in its reference state, confirming the dependence of magnetostrictive effects on the configuration of the magnetic particles and on the shape of the considered sample. Moreover, calculating the elastic and rotational coefficients on the basis of our mesoscopic approach, we examine how the macroscopic types of behavior are related to the mesoscopic properties. Implications for real systems of random particle configurations are also discussed.

Finite Element Analysis of Residual Stress Distribution Patterns of Prestressed Composites Considering Interphases

New finite element analysis procedures are developed in this study to obtain the precise stress distribution patterns of prestressed composites. Within the FEM procedures, an equivalent thermal method is modified to realize the prestress application, and a multi-step methodology is developed to consider coupling effects of polymer curing and prestress application. Thereafter, the effects of interphases' properties, including the elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), on the stress distribution patterns are revealed. Analytical methods for residual stress prediction are modified in this study to demonstrate the finite element analysis procedures. From the residual stress results, it is found that the increase in the prestress level tends to contribute to the initiation of interphase debonding. The increase in the elastic modulus or CTE of the interphase results in very large circumferential and axial stress values appearing in the interphase. When the elastic modulus in the interphase is heterogeneous, the predicted stress values in the fiber and matrix are similar to the results predicted with the equivalent elastic modulus of the interphases. However, the heterogeneous elastic modulus results in serious circumferential and axial stress gradients in the interphase.

Elastic body with thin nonhomogeneous inclusion in non-coercive case

The paper addresses analysis of equilibrium state of an elastic body with a thin nonhomogeneous inclusion in a non-coercive case. We assume that a part of the inclusion is located outside the elastic body, and the traction free boundary condition at the external boundary of the elastic body does not provide a coercivity of the problem. The inclusion is delaminated from the surrounding elastic material that implies a presence of the interfacial crack. Constraint boundary conditions at the crack faces describe a mutual nonpenetration and have an inequality type form. We prove a solution existence of the equilibrium problem, analyze a passage to the limit as the rigidity parameter of the inclusion tends to zero, and prove a solution existence of an inverse problem. The inverse problem assumes that along with the displacement field we have to find an elasticity coefficient for the inclusion provided that an additional information is given which can be found from a measurement.

Sustainable microgrid design with peer-to-peer energy trading involving government subsidies and uncertainties

Sustainable microgrid is a feasible approach to handle environmental impacts and satisfy customer demand due to its economic, environmental, and social benefits. Due to the high initial investment cost, the installation rate of microgrids has been limited. Various studies investigated the influence of government subsidies on sustainable microgrid design to increase the installation rate. However, the effect of government subsidies, financial factors, and elasticity coefficient of demand under peer-to-peer energy trading has not been explored in the current sustainable microgrids design literature. To overcome this limitation, this paper investigates the sustainable microgrid design problem to simultaneously consider the effect of government subsidies, peer-to-peer energy trading, time value of money, elasticity coefficient of demand, and uncertainties. The objectives are to maximize total profit and minimize the total environmental cost to satisfy electric energy demand. Fuzzy multi-objective programming is applied to determine the optimal decisions on the number, location, type of renewable energy, the capacity of renewable distributed generation sources, electricity flows, price for selling electricity to demand areas and P2P energy trading, and government subsidy rates. A genetic algorithm and its hybrid versions to include tabu search and simulated annealing are then used to solve the proposed model. Numerical experiments used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and algorithms show that the proposed genetic algorithm is most effective in maximizing total profit and minimizing environmental cost. Computational results demonstrate that on average, the inclusion of the peer-to-peer trading and government subsidies in the proposed model increases total profit by 13.23% and reduces total environmental cost by 6.29%.

Exploring the Measurement of Regional Forestry Eco-Efficiency and Influencing Factors in China Based on the Super-Efficient DEA-Tobit Two Stage Model

This paper adopts the super-efficient DEA (data envelopment analysis) model to measure the forestry eco-efficiency (FECO) of 30 Chinese provinces and cities from 2008 to 2021, and then introduces the Tobit model to explore the influencing factors of FECO to better understand the sustainable development level of forestry. It draws the following conclusions: (1) The average value of FECO in China is 0.504, which is still at a low level, and the FECO of each region has significant regional heterogeneity; the provinces with higher FECO are mainly concentrated in the eastern region, while the FECO of the central and western regions is lower; (2) In terms of the main factors affecting FECO in China, the regression coefficients of market-based environmental regulations are significantly positive in the national, eastern and central regions, while they are significantly negative in the western region. The coefficient of impact of scientific research funding investment on forestry industry eco-efficiency is negative and shows a significant promotion effect in the eastern region, but the elasticity coefficient in the central and western regions is negative but not significant. Economic development has a positive but insignificant effect on FECO, with the eastern region showing a positive correlation, while the central and western regions are insignificant. Industrial structure has a significant negative effect on FECO in the national, eastern and central regions, but the effect of industrial structure on FECO in the western region is not significant. The effect of foreign direct investment on FECO was negative for the national, central and western regions, but the central region did not pass the significance test, while the eastern region reflected a significant promotion effect.

Elastic deformation effect on carboxymethyl cellulose water-based (TiO2–Ti6Al4V) hybrid nanoliquid over a stretching sheet with an induced magnetic field

An analysis is carried out to study the two-dimensional stagnant point flow of titanium dioxide -titanium alloy /carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) water-based hybrid nanoliquid over an expanding surface characterized by the induced magnetic field (IMF). Further, the consideration of thermal buoyancy and the additional nonuniform heat source is involved in the modeling. The intent of this work has significant novelty due to the elastic deformation behavior over a stretching surface. The governing mathematical equations of the problem are reduced to a set of simultaneous ordinary differential equations and are elucidated numerically by employing the Runge-Kutta-Fehlbergs fourth-and-fifth (RKF-45) order process combined with a shooting approach. This article examines the properties of change in parameters on the functions including temperature profiles, induced magnetic field, and velocity profiles of hybrid nanoliquid, shown through graphs. The impact of the Elastic deformation coefficient reduces the temperature where as magnetic field enhance the velocity profile. Magnetic parameter boosts skin friction coefficient with an increase in the buoyancy effect. Momentum profile and induced magnetic field are affected most by the Magnetic Prandtl number