El Progreso Research Articles

Evaluación de los índices de calidad del suelo de diversos cultivos en diferentes condiciones topográficas

Soil quality is a valuation tool that facilitates the application of management practices that promote sustainable agronomic systems. The objective is to characterize various land uses based on various physical-chemical properties of the soil and to estimate a soil quality index for various crops in different topographic. The study was carried out in three land uses that were Banana, Young and Ripe Cocoa located in the El Progreso belonging to the Canton of Pasaje-El Oro, with a tropical megathermal climate and an irregular topography. Fifteen soil samples were taken from the stratum (0 to 0.10 cm). An analysis of the physical and chemical variables of the soil was carried out. The variables that presented incompatibilities were put to a principal component analysis to select the minimum data set (MDS) of the components that explained the greatest variability and redundancy was verified from the correlation. The SQI was obtained from the average of the standardized indicators (0 to 1), the higher the SQI value the better the land quality of the land use.

Recurrencia de las hernias inguinales en el hospital regional de Zacapa

El trauma craneoencefálico (TCE) es una lesión del tejido cerebral causada por un traumatismo directo o indirecto a nivel craneal, clasificándose según su gravedad utilizando la escala de coma Glasgow en leve, moderado y severo. Dicha patología es una importante causa de muerte en la población joven, por lo que se realizó este estudio en el Hospital Nacional de El Progreso por la falta de recursos para el manejo clínico, estabilización y rehabilitación del paciente, por lo tanto se hace importante caracterizar al paciente que sufrió trauma craneoencefálico por cualquier causa; realizándose un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo revisando 156 expedientes con historia de trauma craneoencefálico. Los datos fueron recopilados en una boleta de recolección. Del total de casos el género más afectado fue el masculino 84% (131), la edad más frecuente se ubicó de 21 a 30 años 28% (43), la causa más frecuente fue el accidente de tránsito 58% (91), el TCE leve fue el más común 81% (97), solo un 20% (31) se realizó TAC, la lesión mayormente observada por tomografía fue el edema cerebral 39% (12), 5% (7) de los pacientes tuvieron complicaciones infecciosas, 6% (8) requirieron ventilación asistida, la tasa de mortalidad que se obtuvo fue del 3% (5) presentando muerte al arribo. Por lo anterior se sugiere concientizar a la población en educación vial y medidas de seguridad para pilotos y peatones, y así modificar conductas de riesgo para evitar el aumento de la mortalidad por esta patología.

QUISTE DENTÍGERO EN DENTICIÓN DECIDUA. REPORTE DE UN CASO


 
 
 El quiste dentígero (QD) o folicular es el segundo tipo más común de quiste odontogénico. La histogénesis sugerida de su origen es la acumulación de líquido entre el epitelio reducido del órgano del esmalte y la corona subyacente. Son siempre radiolúcidos y más comúnmente uniloculares, aunque las grandes lesiones pueden presentar un patrón multilocular. El objetivo de presentar este caso clínico es conocer las características clínicas y el manejo de un paciente con diagnóstico de quiste dentígero. Paciente femenino de 11 años de edad, originaria de la ciudad de El Progreso, Yoro que acude al Hospital Hondupalma, motivo de consulta de aumento de volumen en el maxilar inferior del lado izquierdo, el exámen clínico mostró expansión cortical de la tabla vestibular a nivel del primer molar deciduo inferior izquierdo, con presencia de dolor a la percusión y fiebre, con evolución de la lesión de 3 meses; el exámen radiográfico revela imagen radiolúcida rodeando parcial- mente la corona del segundo molar inferior izquierdo deciduo (7.5 nomenclatura según FDI). Se realizó extirpación quirúrgica, enviándose a estudio histopatológico, resultando como diagnóstico definitivo: quiste dentígero. El post-operatorio cursó sin com plicaciones infecciosas ni hemorragias; a los 7 días se retiraron los puntos de sutura y se tomó radiografía post-quirúrgica sin presencia de anomalías.
 
 

Bullet for Señor Cobos

From 1878-1904 the El Progreso Hacienda was run by Manuel J. Cobos on the island of San Cristóbal in the Galapagos. Cobos was shot by his own workers in 1904. This paper explores the relationship between anarchy, banditry, and modern firearms in this unique rural setting at the turn of the 20th century.

Gregorio Sancianco, Colonial Tribute, and Social Identities: On the Cusp of Filipino Nationalist Consciousness

Gregorio Sancianco, the author of El Progreso de Filipinas (1881), is an ephemeral figure in Philippine history. Although somewhat known for his defense of the native against charges of indolence, Sancianco advanced a penetrating critique of colonial tribute that generally has been ignored but to which this article draws attention. Sancianco argued that tribute did not only negate the principle of assimilation, but it also divided the native population and provoked social antagonisms. The tribute’s abolition in 1884 rendered Sancianco’s historical position as transitional, straddling the creole nationalism of the 1860s and the ilustrados’ colonial nationalism of the 1880s. Sancianco’s critique of tribute anticipated nationalist consciousness. KEYWORDS: TRIBUTE • IDENTITY • SPANISH COLONIALISM • RACISM • NATIONALISM

Environmental and historical archaeology of the Galápagos islands: archaeobotany of Hacienda El Progreso, 1870–1920

The initial relationships between the first human colonizers and the native vegetation of Isla San Cristobal, Galapagos, were studied by the analyses of wood charcoal, plant macro-remains, phytoliths and historical records. Archaeological and modern botanical samples were collected from four archaeological sites within the former farmland of the 19th century Hacienda El Progreso, a sugar plantation located in the moist highlands of the island. The archaeobotanical remains show the use of native timber, the introduction of crops and weeds, some aspects of local diet, and evidence of vegetation clearance. Ecological impact is shown by the changes to the native vegetation caused by human colonization of the island and the expansion of agricultural land for the plantation enterprise. This paper provides a synthesis of the archaeobotanical study at El Progreso which forms a baseline for future research in the Galapagos islands.

Soil phytoliths as indicators of initial human impact on San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos

I analyzed phytoliths from soil profiles on San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos Islands to determine whether historical human impact and recent vegetation dynamics are visible in the phytolith record. I extracted phytoliths from soil samples taken from four test pits located at the village, an abandoned field, a forest, and an active agricultural field - all located within the former El Progreso plantation (AD 1860–1920). Changes in the ratio of tree to grass phytoliths with depth in all four samples suggest changes in vegetation composition from forest to open vegetation dominated by grasses, which reflects the removal of forest with colonization and the first permanent human occupation of the archipelago in the middle 19th century. This paper shows that the changes in vegetation brought about by colonization and land clearing for plantations are documented in the soil phytoliths record, and suggests that phytoliths can be used as an indicator of past vegetation change in future work on the historical ecology of the Galápagos archipelago.

Representação político-eleitoral no Peru: fragmentação e construção partidária (2001-2016)

Since 2000, Peruvian democracy has gone through four sub-national electoral processes and four presidential elections. Yet, Peru is still considered to have one of the most politically volatile and fragmented political systems in the region. This is due in part to the considerable distance between the players in the game, the political dynamics and the local and national electoral results. Nationallevel parties have nearly disappeared in Peru’s 25 separate political regions, and have been replaced largely by regional movements loosely linked to each other. However, a more detailed analysis suggests two relatively recent parties, Fuerza Popular (Keiko Fujimori) and Alianza para el Progreso (César Acuña) are developing more sustained − albeit different − strategies for party construction with serious prospects for national-level representation. This article explores these developments and proposes some explanatory hypotheses in this respect

Modelo para reducción de mora quirúrgica en cirugías selectivas del Hospital El Progreso, Yoro

La presente investigación se desarrolló en el Hospital de El Progreso, Yoro, Honduras. Datos estadísticos han arrojado que en la actualidad la mora quirúrgica de cirugía selectiva es de 120 días, lo que contrasta con los 30 días usados como indicador meta por parte del Ministerio de Salud de Honduras y recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). En vista de esta problemática se propone un modelo a través de simulación, que evalúe formas de disminuir dicha mora quirúrgica. Para el diseño de la investigación se usó un enfoque mixto dominante cuantitativo. Para alimentar el software de simulación Flexsim y corroborar el modelo actual de forma simulada, se construyó una bitácora de cirugías del 2012, gráficos de caja y bigote, pruebas de ANOVA y de hipótesis para cada cirujano (A, B y C) en las seis intervenciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes según diagrama de Pareto. Al tener el modelo actual validado, se recrearon cinco tipos de escenarios. Se eligió el primero, ya que es el que implica menor costo con alto impacto, obteniendo una disminución de la mora quirúrgica a solo 38 días. Por lo que se recomienda implementar el escenario número uno para reducir la mora y cumplir con el presupuesto del hospital.

Revision ofDiceroderesSolier (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Toxicini: Eudysantina), with Descriptions of Four New Species

Abstract The flightless genus Diceroderes Solier, 1841 previously contained a single species, Diceroderes mexicanus Solier, 1841, known from Mexico and Guatemala. The genus is revised based on an examination of museum material, revealing that the genus contains at least four additional species, each with a fairly limited montane distribution. Diceroderes mexicanus is redescribed and a lectotype is designated from Solier's collection. Four new species are described: Diceroderes subtriplehorni Smith and Cifuentes-Ruiz, new species, from Mexico (Veracruz and Oaxaca), Diceroderes ocozocoautlaensis Smith, new species, from Mexico (Chiapas), Diceroderes skelleyi Smith, new species, from Guatemala (El Progreso and Baja Verapaz), and Diceroderes cusucoensis Smith, new species, from Honduras (Cortes) and Guatemala (Izabal). The genus is redescribed, and a key to the known species, habitus and male genitalic images, and a distribution map are provided.

Large scale patterns of genetic variation and differentiation in sugar maple from tropical Central America to temperate North America.

BackgroundGeological events in the latter Cenozoic have influenced the distribution, abundance and genetic structure of tree populations in temperate and tropical North America. The biogeographical history of temperate vegetation that spans large ranges of latitude is complex, involving multiple latitudinal shifts that might have occurred via different migration routes. We determined the regional structuring of genetic variation of sugar maple (Acer saccharum subsp. saccharum) and its only subspecies in tropical America (Acer saccharum subsp. skutchii) using nuclear and chloroplast data. The studied populations span a geographic range from Maine, USA (46°N), to El Progreso, Guatemala (15°N). We examined genetic subdivisions, explored the locations of ancestral haplotypes, analyzed genetic data to explore the presence of a single or multiple glacial refugia, and tested whether genetic lineages are temporally consistent with a Pleistocene or older divergence.ResultsNuclear and chloroplast data indicated that populations in midwestern USA and western Mexico were highly differentiated from populations in the rest of the sites. The time of the most recent common ancestor of the western Mexico haplotype lineage was dated to the Pliocene (5.9 Ma, 95 % HPD: 4.3–7.3 Ma). Splits during the Pleistocene separated the rest of the phylogroups. The most frequent and widespread haplotype occurred in half of the sites (Guatemala, eastern Mexico, southeastern USA, and Ohio). Our data also suggested that multiple Pleistocene refugia (tropics-southeastern USA, midwestern, and northeastern USA), but not western Mexico (Jalisco), contributed to post-glacial northward expansion of ranges. Current southern Mexican and Guatemalan populations have reduced population sizes, genetic bottlenecks and tend toward homozygosity, as indicated using nuclear and chloroplast markers.ConclusionsThe divergence of western Mexican populations from the rest of the sugar maples likely resulted from orographic and volcanic barriers to gene flow. Past connectivity among populations in the southeastern USA and eastern Mexico and Guatemala possible occurred through gene flow during the Pleistocene. The time to the most common ancestor values revealed that populations from the Midwest and Northeast USA represented different haplotype lineages, indicating major divergence of haplotypes lineages before the Last Glacial Maximum and suggesting the existence of multiple glacial refugia.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0518-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Niveles de metales pesados en el ambiente y su exposición en la población luego de cinco años de exploración minera en Las Bambas, Perú 2010

Determine particulate matter (PM10) and heavy metals concentrations in the environment, as well as in surrounding communities of the Las Bambas project after five years of mineral exploration. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts in the area of influence of the Las Bambas project in Apurimac, Peru. Samples of water, air and soil were obtained to determine the concentrations of PM10 and heavy metals. Blood and urine samples were taken from 310 villagers to evaluate levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury. Results were compared with those obtained in 2005. Environmental concentrations of PM10 and heavy metals did not exceed the established reference values. The quality of drinking water and soil was not altered. Compared to the values found in 2005, the 2010 average levels of cadmium and mercury in urine increased significantly in the population of the districts of Chalhuahuacho (2.4 + 0.8 and 2.6 + 0.4), El Progreso (2.6 + 1.1 and 2.9 + 1.3) and Haquira (3.2 + 1.2 and 2.6 + 0.9). Cadmium values exceeded permissible limits. After five years of mineral exploration activity, environmental characteristics of the areas of influence of the Las Bambas mining project, have not been affected. However, changes are observed in the levels and percentage of people with cadmium in their urine.

La experimentación animal y el progreso de la medicina

La experimentación animal y el progreso de la medicina

Influencia de la etapa de sucesión, fragmentación y exposición a la extracción en la estructura poblacional de <i>Euterpe precatoria</i> (Arecaeae)

The neotropical palm Euterpeprecatoria is subject to extraction for its valuable palm heart. The development of management and conservation practices for this species requires understanding of its population structure, dynamics, and traditional use across the range of environments it inhabits, from different successional stages in continuous forest to forest fragments. Here, we analyzed how the population structure of E. precatoria varies with successional stage, fragmentation, and exposure to extraction, Since E. precatoria recruitment increases with disturbance, we expected seedling density to be higher in secondary forests and fragments relative to primary forests. The study was conducted from 2007-2008 in the Caribbean Slope of Costa Rica at Braulio Carrillo National Park (BCNP), La Selva Biological Station (LSBS), Manú Center, and Finca El Progreso (FEP). The first two sites had continuous primary and secondary forests (BCNP had one extracted primary forest); the last two consisted of primary forest fragments. Population structure was variable, with greater densities in the extracted primary forest, and in the secondary forests, as compared to primary forests and fragments. Palms < 5 m across all sites represented 50-90% of the total number of individuals. In sites that suffered historical over-extraction, local communities have lost the tradition of consuming this species. Understanding how population dynamics is affected by extraction and succession is essential to the design of sustainable management programs rooted in community participation.

A Camera in The Garden of Eden

In an unpublished image from the 1930s, studio photographer Rafael Platero Paz embraces a white North American man near a river in El Progreso, Honduras. Both men are stark naked and cover only their genitals with leaves. They look directly into the camera. This essay examines Platero Paz's self-portraits, found in a visual archive made up mostly of photos of peasants and banana laborers, new mothers and local merchants. Invoking Jean-Paul Sartre's phenomenology of sight, I argue that in his traditional self-portraits, Platero Paz posed for an eventual Other. He was there, waiting for the Other's recognition and approval. And insofar as the Other was posited as the destination and ideal viewer of these portraits, Platero Paz was declaring: “I am the Other.” In contrast, in the Garden of Eden photo, Platero Paz incorporates the Other into his landscape and declares “I am we,” establishing a homosocial, if not homoerotic, subject-subject relation in the hypermasculine space of a banana plantation.

Those Who Never Make It and the Suffering of Those Left Behind: The Fate of Honduran Missing Migrants and their Families

Every day Hondurans leave their country to migrate to the U.S undocumented, risking their lives on the journey. Some reach the U.S.; many are deported after being picked up by either the Mexican or the U.S. authorities. This article focuses on a little acknowledged third group, those who go missing on the trip, and their families, who are left worrying and wondering what has happened. It looks at the cases of four missing migrants in the area of El Progreso, in north-western Honduras, considering what is at the root of their decision to migrate, what is suspected to have happened to them, how the situation is affecting their families and what the latter do to find them. It also examines the support they receive. These relatives are affiliated with a self-help committee founded with the aim of finding out what has happened. In the process of doing so, the committee has not only been able to locate some of those missing and put the topic on the public and political agenda in Honduras, its most active members have gained a previously unknown confidence in their ability to take the outcome of their lives into their own hands.

El desarrollo sustentable. Modelo de conciliación entre el progreso económico, la justicia social y la preservación del medio ambiente

The objective of this article is to show that sustainable development is a model that is possible to achieve. It allows getting a balance among the economic growth and development with the social development, while protects the environment, permitting conciliation among humankind, nature and economy. The sustainable development establishes that the economic, social and nature environmental objectives of the development have to be defined in terms of sustainability. It means that the welfare of future mankind generations must not be less than the one belonging to the current generations. That is why; the concept of development cannot be simple and exclusively related to the quantitative growth of macroeconomic variables. The sustainable development implies the transformation of economical and social structures in order to be rapidly adapted to the global transition of the world. Therefore, it assumes a philosophical posture of justice and equity and considers the needs of the poor world’s people, as well as the restrictions imposed by the state of the art technology, the social organization and the environment capacity to satisfy the current and future needs. Sustainable development is opposed to the ideas of “the humankind against nature” or “the job against the environment”. As a conciliator model proposes protecting the jobs and the environment, because it is not possible to achieve a true quality of life without the environment conservation, and much less, to think about jobs in the future, without him.

Especie nueva del género Bourreria (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales) de Mesoamérica

Bourreria motaguensis is described as a new species from low elevation tropical deciduous forest, from the departments of El Progreso, Zacapa, and Chiquimula in Guatemala, and Oaxaca and Chiapas in Mexico.

Biological Monitoring in the Amazon: Recent Progress and Future Needs

RESUMENO monitoramento biológico é uma ferramenta fundamental para o manejo ambiental. Ele permite avaliar o estado do ambiente ao longo do tempo, informando sobre a necessidade e sobre as conseqüências das medidas de manejo. Na Amazônia, o monitoramento é uma atividade particularmente difícil devido à variedade das ameaças ambientais, à vastidão da área, e à enorme riqueza de espécies. Para ser eficiente, um programa de monitoramento precisa ser claramente enraizado em uma ameaça ambiental que se pretende resolver – só assim haverá um critério claro para decidir quais variáveis serão medidas e como planejar essa medição. Numa área tão grande quanto a Amazônia, é particularmente importante que os programas de monitoramento definam a priori a sua escala de atuação. Um desenho amostral que serve para a escala local será deficiente na escala regional, e vice‐versa. A idéia de trabalhar simultaneamente em diferentes escalas espaciais é louvável mas altamente arriscada. Finalmente, quando o monitoramento requer identificação de espécies, a riqueza biológica da Amazônia e a escassez de pessoal qualificado limitam o avanço do trabalho. Para garantir a viabilidade futura das atividades de monitoramento é essencial investir com criatividade e determinação no treinamento de observadores. Este comentário sublinha alguns aspetos de progresso recente em monitoramento biológico da Amazônia e identifica três necessidades para o futuro: 1) Garantir a orientação do monitoramento para ameaças claramente identificadas; 2) Trabalhar em uma escala espacial prioritária, definida antes do lançamento do programa; e 3) Investir no treinamento de observadores.El monitoreo biológico es una herramienta fundamental para la gestión ambiental porque permite evaluar el estado del ambiente al largo del tiempo, informando sobre la necesidad e sobre las consecuencias de acciones de gestión. En Amazonia, el monitoreo es una actividad particularmente difícil gracias à la variedad de amenazas, a la extensión de la área, y a la enorme riqueza de especies. Para ser eficiente, un programa de monitoreo necesita ser claramente enraizado en una amenaza ambiental que se pretende resolver – solo así existirá un criterio claro para decidir lo que medir y como medirlo. En una área tan grande como Amazonia, se hace esencial que los programas de monitoreo establezcan a priori su escala de actuación. Un diseño de muestreo que funciona en la escala local será deficiente en la escala regional y vice‐versa. La idea de trabajar simultáneamente en distintas escalas espaciales es muy arriesgada – hay que priorizar. Finalmente, cuando el monitoreo exige identificación de especies, la riqueza de Amazonia y la escasez de personal calificado limitan el progreso del trabajo. Para garantizar la viabilidad del monitoreo, se hace esencial invertir con creatividad y determinación en el entrenamiento de observadores. Este comentario refiere algunos progresos recientes en el monitoreo biológico de Amazonia y identifica tres necesidades para el futuro: 1) Garantizar que cada programa esté claramente orientado para una amenaza ambiental; 2) Trabajar en una escala espacial prioritária; y 3) Invertir en el entrenamiento de observadores.

Rapid achievement of the child survival millennium development goal: evidence from the Navrongo experiment in Northern Ghana

To determine the impact of deploying nurses and volunteers to village locations on demographic and health outcomes. We implemented an experimental design that emphasizes the value of aligning community health services with traditional social institutions that organize village life. Data for this analysis come from the Navrongo demographic surveillance system, a longitudinal database that tracks fertility, mortality, and migration events over time. The experiment uses conventional demographic methods for estimating mortality rates from longitudinal demographic surveillance registers. Posting nurses to community locations reduced childhood mortality rates by over half in 3 years and accelerated attainment of the childhood-survival millennium development goal (MDG) in the study areas relative to trends observed in comparison areas. Results from the Navrongo experiment demonstrate that community health and family planning programmes can have an impact on childhood mortality. Posting nurses to communities can dramatically accelerate the pace of progress in achieving the childhood-survival MDGs. Community-volunteer approaches, however, have no additional impact, a finding that challenges the child survival value of international investment in volunteer-based health programmes. The total cost of the intensive arm of the project is less than $10 per capita per year. Navrongo research thus demonstrates affordable means of attaining the child survival MDG agenda with existing technologies.