El Papel De Research Articles

Diane M. Nelson (1963–2022)

Diane M. Nelson (1963–2022)

EL PAPEL DE LA INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL EN LA LUCHA CONTRA EL CIBERTERRORISMO

This study aims at identifying the effects of technology on crime, as it is a double-edged sword, in which it can help in committing crimes, however it also contributes to preventing, detecting and suppressing them. Besides, technological development has had two prominent effects, one of them is negative, which was manifested in the dangers that threaten the security of states and individuals, particularly the phenomenon of terrorism, whose danger has steadily increased with technological and technical progress. Therefore, the method of managing terrorism has become more sophisticated, as terrorist groups using cyberspace to launch attacks using the Internet and complex programs, thus terrorism has shifted from traditional based on hard power to cyber terrorism based on soft power. As for the positive impact of technological development, it is represented in the artificial intelligence technology used in the prevention and control of crimes, including cyber terrorism crimes.

FR – El papel de la dieta mediterránea en el tratamiento de la psoriasis

FR – El papel de la dieta mediterránea en el tratamiento de la psoriasis

La creación del mundo

La creación del mundo

Tecnologías y capacidades endógenas como elementos dedesarrollo para el campo mexicano: el papel de los biofertilizantes en los sistemas agroalimentarios localizados (sial)

Los sistemas agroalimentarios localizados (SIAL) representan un enfoque de interes, en relacion con la necesidad de atender la compleja problematica que se circunscribe dentro del marco global para el desarrollo local y territorial de las zonas rurales. En este sentido, la innovacion tecnologica y la generacion de capacidades que se generan de forma endogena en empresas locales del sector y desde la academia, representan una opcion en terminos de innovacion, productividad y competitividad. El objetivo de esta investigacion consiste brindar elementos explicativos que definan la relacion entre los SIAL, la empresa local y las capacidades y tecnologias generadas de forma endogena. De esta manera, se realizo un estudio de caso en Biofabrica Siglo XXI, una empresa dedicada a la produccion de insumos agricolas (biofertilizantes y composta), coadyuvantes necesarios para optimizar la produccion agricola que se lleva cabo dentro de los SIAL. Las conclusiones mas importantes reflejan una relacion positiva entre la empresa agroindustrial local, la tecnologia y las capacidades endogenas y el aumento de la productividad en los SIAL donde se emplean este tipo de innovaciones.

El papel de la atención primaria en la crisis sanitaria por COVID-19. Experiencia de un equipo de Atención Primaria urbano

El papel de la atención primaria en la crisis sanitaria por COVID-19. Experiencia de un equipo de Atención Primaria urbano

El Papel de la Web y las Redes Sociales en la Promoción Turística de un Bien Patrimonio Mundial. El Caso del Alcázar de Sevilla (España)

The information and communication technologies have revolutionized tourism and the promotion of cultural attractions. They constitute a tool with which to enhance the cultural heritage and economy of a territory in the context of tourism innovation. The article aims to analyze the potential of the website and social media of the Alcazar of Seville—declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO—in promoting tourism. The quality of this official website and social media was analyzed and evaluated through the 7 Loci model and the Nvivo tool, with weaknesses and strengths being identified. The analysis highlighted weaknesses in areas such as the content, which needs to be optimized, the impossibility of viewing the information in other languages, and the global management of the website and social media, which should be reviewed. The study also presents strengths, including excellent visibility and good positioning in the main search engines, links from the website to social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube) and the adequacy of the time needed to download the pages.

El papel de las características textuales en la comprensión lectora de alumnado de Educación Primaria en lengua española

El papel de las características textuales en la comprensión lectora de alumnado de Educación Primaria en lengua española

El papel de las mascarillas en el control de la epidemia COVID-19

El papel de las mascarillas en el control de la epidemia COVID-19

The role of cognitive and personality characteristics in timely microcredit repayment: Evidence from a survey conducted by Provident, Mexico

Sustainability of microfinance institutions depends, among other factors, on having appropriate repayment levels. This article's contribution to the existing literature is the analysis of the role of a personality trait named "grit" in individual microcredit repayment decisions, alongside cognitive characteristics and time and risk preferences. This study is based on a survey of a sample of clients at 'Provident México', a formal microfinance institution that provides personal loans in vulnerable communities in Puebla, Mexico. We find evidence that, generally, older individuals possessing higher levels of grit and a tendency toward short term present bias are more likely to show no delays in loan repayments. Cognitive characteristics are inversely related to paying microcredits on time. Refinancing incentives does not play a key role in timely microcredit repayment, a result that is contrary to related literature but consistent with our finding that individuals in this sample that do not have delays in repayments are characterized by showing a short term present bias. El papel de las características cognitivas y de personalidad en el pago oportuno de microcréditos: Evidencia de una encuesta realizada por Provident, México.

El papel de las Relaciones Laborales ante la violencia de género

El papel de las Relaciones Laborales ante la violencia de género

El papel de la evapotranspiración en la distribución funcional foliar de 28 especies del género Quercus de España y México

de la Riva, E.G., Arenas, M., Villar, R., Garcia-Oliva, F., Oyama, K. 2019. The role of evapotranspiration on the foliar functional distribution of 28 Quercus species from Mexico and Spain. Ecosistemas 28(3):199-207. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.1803 Quercus species represent the most important woody genus in the northern hemisphere, with broad environmental distribution in Spain and Mexico. Functional plant traits are commonly used as indicators of species diversification and environmental adaptations, and they allow us to better understand the morphological and physiological limitations of the species that restrict its evolution. The main objective of this study is to explore the spectrum of variation of Quercus genus, by analyzing the variation in five functional leaf traits of 28 Quercus species from Spain and Mexico along an environmental gradient of potential evapotranspiration. We found two major dimensions of functional variation: on one hand, the species are segregating along the humidity gradient according with the leaf economics spectrum. Therefore, we found species associated to a conservative use of resources in areas with higher evapotranspiration rate and acquisitive species in the areas with lower evapotranspiration. On the other hand, the leaf size is mainly determined by the geographical origin of the species. These results suggest that the evolutionary modifications within the same genus are related with the leaf traits variation, being humidity a key factor of functional trait variation within the Quercus genus. In addition, we would like to highlight that we do not find relationship between leaf longevity and leaf economic spectrum, which may be explained by the different evolutionary histories of the leaf habit in oaks between both countries.

El papel de las estructuras de conocimiento en la excelencia adulta. Aproximación desde el funcionamiento experto

Adult performance of high ability individuals has seldom been researched. Current results suggest that adult excellence occurs at lower rates than high ability individuals identified in their infancy or youth, with few cases of high intellectual abilities among adults that yield excellence products. This paper focuses on the analysis of the relative frequency of biographical traits that are associated with high ability as well as to the opportunities that allow building particular knowledge structures that are non-conventional and support innovation in people who excelled. A retrospective biographical analysis was performed on a sample of 120 individuals that generated renowned excellence products, in different fields, in the XXth century. Variables associated to high abilities were: precocity; learning problems; social problems in school; and academic excellence. And the variables associated with the generation of knowledge structures that support innovation were: academic-professional continuity; strong influence of particular individuals; and high productivity. Significant differences were found, showing a low presence of the first four variables and a higher presence of the last three. It follows that the trajectory towards excellence does not seem to correlate with a high level of intellectual resources but with a certain use of sufficient resources, whether cerebral or external technological support.El rendimiento adulto de personas con diagnóstico de alta capacidad es un campo que ha sido poco investigado. Los resultados existentes indican que la excelencia se presenta en proporciones mucho menores que los casos con alta capacidad detectados durante la infancia/juventud, siendo relativamente pocos los casos de alta capacidad entre las personas que han generado productos de excelencia. Este artículo plantea el análisis de la frecuencia relativa de variables biográficas asociadas a la alta capacidad y a la oportunidad de generación de estructuras de conocimiento particulares, adecuadas para soportar la innovación en personas que han demostrado excelencia. Se ha utilizado un análisis biográfico restrospectivo de una muestra de 120 personas que generaron reconocidos productos de excelencia en diferentes campos durante el siglo XX. Se evaluaron variables asociadas a las altas capacidades: precocidad, problemas de aprendizaje, problemas sociales en la escuela y excelencia académica. Y variables asociadas a la generación de estructuras de conocimiento innovadoras y no convencionales: continuidad académico-profesional, influencia de personas individuales y alta productividad. Se detectaron diferencias significativas que indican una baja presencia de las primeras cuatro variables y una elevada presencia de las tres últimas. De ello se deduce que la trayectoria hacia la excelencia no parece corresponderse con la disposición de un elevado nivel de recursos intelectuales sino con una determinada utilización de recursos suficientes, ya sean cerebrales o apoyos tecnológicos externos.

El papel de la opinión publicada en la prensa escrita colombiana antes del plebiscito del 2 de octubre de 2016

El papel de la opinion publicada en la prensa escrita colombiana antes del plebiscito del 2 de octubre de 2016 O papel da opiniao publicada na imprensa colombiana antes do plebiscito de 2 de outubro de 2016 This article gathers the results of a descriptive research project conducted by researchers from the Media Observatory of the School of Communication at the Universidad de La Sabana. It discusses the role of opinions published in the Colombian press before the plebiscite of October 2, 2016 with which the Government of President Juan Manuel Santos Calderon intended to endorse the peace agreements reached with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Using the content analysis method, 466 plebiscite-related opinions published by the main national and regional printed media in Colombia were analyzed. We noted, among other things, the primacy of emotional persuasive resources over rational ones, greater presence of episodic interpretation frameworks over thematic ones, and a strong political, social and cultural connotation within the arguments for or against approving the Havana peace accords. Persuasive strategies included the use of values, either their exaltation or threatened continuity, especially in central aspects of the Colombian political culture matrix such as the risk of changing the economic model, the hypothetical threat to the democratic system, or the destabilization of social and moral models such as the family structure. Para citar este articulo / to reference this article / para citar este artigo Gomez-Giraldo, J. C. y Cardenas-Ruiz, J. D. (2018). El papel de la opinion publicada en la prensa escrita colombiana antes del plebiscito del 2 de octubre de 2016. Palabra Clave 22(1), e2219. DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2019.22.1.9

Un modelo de análisis de la recepción de series de ficción: el papel de las reacciones afectivas y las creencias

Un modelo de análisis de la recepción de series de ficción: el papel de las reacciones afectivas y las creenciasUm modelo de análise da recepção de séries de ficção: o papel das reações afetivas e crençasThe aim of this paper has been to inquire into what viewers’ beliefs are towards television shows and the affective reactions they elicit. The beliefs considered refer to aspects such as dialogs, plots, actors, characters, originality and variety, complexity, morality and quality. Regarding affective reactions towards TV series, they include cultural closeness, personal resonance, cognitive elaboration and general attitude. The method used consisted in the exhaustive analysis of ten television shows, five Spanish (Aída, Cuéntame, El internado, Águila Roja and Física o Química) and five North American (CSI, Friends, House, Desperate Housewives and Lost) using information from a telephone survey of 1,000 people. Results indicate that beliefs influence perceived quality. The most relevant aspects are dialogs, plots, actors and characters. In relation to affective reactions, the three elements considered (cultural closeness, personal resonance and cognitive elaboration) are hardly related to the general attitude towards or preference for the TV series. Conclusions show that perceived quality is determined by the combination of the various factors considered and that there is no single configuration that gives rise to a positive perception of quality. The article’s original contribution to the literature lies in the presentation and application of a theoretical model that allows to determine in detail the beliefs and attitudes of viewers towards fictional television shows.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoEtayo, C. (2019). Un modelo de análisis de la recepción de series de ficción: el papel de las reacciones afectivas y las creencias. Palabra Clave 22(1), e2214. DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2019.22.1.4

El papel de la mujer a lo largo de la historia de la Nefrología

El papel de la mujer a lo largo de la historia de la Nefrología

Incorporating basic needs to reconcile poverty and ecosystem services.

Conservation managers frequently face the challenge of protecting and sustaining biodiversity without producing detrimental outcomes for (often poor) human populations that depend on ecosystem services for their well‐being. However, mutually beneficial solutions are often elusive and can mask trade‐offs and negative outcomes for people. To deal with such trade‐offs, ecological and social thresholds need to be identified to determine the acceptable solution space for conservation. Although human well‐being as a concept has recently gained prominence, conservationists still lack tools to evaluate how their actions affect it in a given context. We applied the theory of human needs to conservation by building on an extensive historical application of need approaches in international development. In an innovative participatory method that included focus groups and household surveys, we evaluated how human needs are met based on locally relevant thresholds. We then established connections between human needs and ecosystem services through key‐informant focus groups. We applied our method in coastal East Africa to identify households that would not be able to meet their basic needs and to uncover the role of ecosystem services in meeting these. This enabled us to identify how benefits derived from the environment were contributing to meeting basic needs and to consider potential repercussions that could arise through changes to ecosystem service provision. We suggest our approach can help conservationists and planners balance poverty alleviation and biodiversity protection and ensure conservation measures do not, at the very least, cause serious harm to individuals. We further argue it can be used as a basis for monitoring the impacts of conservation on multidimensional poverty.

El papel de los polinizadores en la evolución floral: una perspectiva mediterránea

Simón-Porcar, V., Abdelaziz, M., Arroyo, J. 2018. The role of pollinators in floral evolution: a Mediterranean perspective. Ecosistemas 27(2): 70-80. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.1433 Pollinators are a key determinant of floral evolution on a global scale. In the Mediterranean area, there are many examples of their role in plant populations of our flora. At the macroevolutionary level, in lineages, there are fewer studies than at population level, but some are illustrative. Both in generalist systems and through some highly specialized interactions, the literature shows us how Mediterranean flowers adapt to pollinators in different ways by developing rewards or modelling their corollas and sexual organs. Hence, global change driven effects on pollinator guilds can have not only ecological, but also evolutionary consequences. Opposing antagonistic forces and other environmental selective factors, pollination interactions have captured the attention of numerous evolutionary biologists in our region.

An empirical analysis of the relationship between the information quality of CSR reporting and reputation among publicly traded companies in Spain

ObjetivoBasándose en la teoría de la legitimidad, los autores de este trabajo exploran la relación que existe entre la calidad de la información contenida en las memorias de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) de las principales empresas cotizadas en la bolsa española y su reputación corporativa.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueSe testean tres modelos de regresión con un panel de datos recopilados entre 2004 y 2014 para una muestra de las 35 empresas más sólidas de la bolsa española.ResultadosLos resultados muestran que los dos ejes principales de la calidad de la información (es decir, contenido y sistemas de gestión) deben ser necesariamente controlados por las empresas con el fin de mejorar su reputación corporativa a través de sus memorias de RSC. El eje de contenido se refiere al cumplimiento de las memorias de RSC con el suministro de información cualitativa, cuantitativa y de evaluación en relación con los impactos de la RSC de la empresa en la sociedad y el medio ambiente. El eje de los sistemas de gestión se refiere al cumplimiento de las memorias de RSC con la divulgación de información acerca de las políticas, planes y acciones que las empresas implementan para asegurar una gestión eficaz de las iniciativas de RSC.Originalidad/valorLa literatura previa que ha explorado la relación entre la información corporativa y la reputación se ha centrado con frecuencia en (1) el impacto de la cantidad de información financiera y de RSC que generan las empresas o (2) el papel de la calidad de la información, pero sólo en referencia a una serie de temas concretos (principalmente medio ambiente y clientes) y no a toda la gama de información cubierta por las memorias de RSC. Los autores de este trabajo amplían esta línea de investigación mediante la evaluación empírica de la relación entre dos dimensiones de la calidad de la información de las memorias de RSC (contenido y sistemas de gestión) y la reputación corporativa de las empresas que operan en la bolsa española.

Quantifying the risk of nosocomial infection within Ebola Holding Units: a retrospective cohort study of negative patients discharged from five Ebola Holding Units in Western Area, Sierra Leone.

A central pillar in the response to the 2014 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in Sierra Leone was the role of Ebola Holding Units (EHUs). These units isolated patients meeting a suspect case definition, tested them for EVD, initiated appropriate early treatment and discharged negative patients to onward inpatient care or home. Positive patients were referred to Ebola Treatment Centres. We aimed to estimate the risk of nosocomial transmission within these EHUs. We followed up a cohort of 543 patients discharged with a negative EVD test from five EHUs in the Western Area, Sierra Leone, and examined all line-listed subsequent EVD tests from any facility in the Western Area to see whether the patient was retested within 30 days, matching by name, age and address. We defined possible readmissions as having the same name and age but uncertain address, and confirmed readmissions where name, age and address matched. We found a positive readmission rate of 3.3% (18 cases), which included 1.5% confirmed readmissions (8 cases) and 1.8% possible readmissions (10 cases). This is lower than rates previously reported. We cannot ascertain whether EVD was acquired within the EHUs or from re-exposure in the community. No demographic or clinical variables were identified as risk factors for positive readmission, likely due to our small sample size. These findings support the EHU model as a safe method for isolation of suspect EVD patients and their role in limiting the spread of EVD.