Number Of Ejaculations Research Articles

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE APHRODISIAC ACTIVITY OF FOOD PLANTS MONDIA WHITEI, CHENOPODIUM ALBUM, CUCURBITA PEPO AND SCLEROCARYA BIRREA EXTRACTS IN MALE WISTAR RATS.

Background: Any substance that increases erectile function, sexual performance and enjoyment is considered an aphrodisiac. The was to compare the effects of food plants Mondia whitei, Chenopodium album, Cucurbita pepo and Sclerocarya birrea extracts 200mg/kg body weight on sexual behavior, sperm parameters and testosterone levels in adult male rats. These are food plants also aphrodisiacs in South Africa, Zimbabwe and other parts of Africa.
 Materials and methods: Sexual behavior parameters assessed in this study included an arousal component (mount latency and intromission sexual potency (mount frequency and intromission frequency), erection (copulatory efficiency) and ejaculations. All treatments orally daily for 28 days. Sexual behavior parameters were quantified 2 hours after a single dose, at 14 days and at 28 days of treatment.
 Results: The order of efficacy in stimulating sexual behavior in male rats was M. whitei >S. birrea > C. pepo ≥C. album. Although change in number of ejaculations and sperm count (P>0.05) for all treatment groups compared to controls, all treatments increased motility. M. whitei and C. pepo treatments resulted in increased (P

Designing of an artificial neural network model to evaluate the association of three combined Y-specific microsatellite loci on the actual and predicted postthaw motility in crossbred bull semen

The freezing of bull semen significantly hamper the motility of sperm which reduces the conception rate in dairy cattle. The prediction of postthaw motility (PTM) before freezing will be useful to take the decision on discarding or freezing of the germplasm. The artificial neural network (ANN) methodology found to be useful in prediction and classification problems related to animal science, and hence, the present study was undertaken to compare the efficiency of ANN in prediction of PTM on the basis of the number of ejaculates, volume, and concentration of sperms. The combined effect of Y-specific microsatellite alleles on the actual and predicted PTM was also studied. The results revealed that the prediction accuracy of PTM based on the semen quality parameters was comparatively lower because of higher variability in the data set. The ANN gave better prediction accuracy (34.88%) than the multiple regression analysis models (32.04%). The root mean square error was lower for ANN (8.4353) than that in the multiple regression analysis (8.6168). The haplotype or combined effect of microsatellite alleles on actual and predicted PTM was found to be highly significant (P < 0.01). On the basis of results, it was concluded that the ANN methodology can be used for prediction of PTM in crossbred bulls.

Seasonal and circadian variation of the sexual behavior of Morada Nova rams in tropical environment

The objective of this study was to evaluate the seasonal and daily variation in sexual behavior of Morada Nova breeders raised in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The data were collected from four rams and 114 ewes of the Morada Nova breed - 55 females in the dry season and another 59 in the rainy season. Observations were performed in the dry and rainy seasons, divided into four times of the day: morning (05:01 h to 11.00 h), afternoon (11.01 h to 17.00 h), evening (17.01 h to 23:00 h), and dawn (23:01 h to 05.00 h). Sexual behavior was assessed for a period of 24 h/day, in a breeding season. One ram was used each three days. The behavioral patterns of the rams in view of females were observed during the recognition (sniffing the female urine, bouts of anogenital sniffing, and flehmen reaction), preparatory (exposure of tongue and penis, leg-kicking, and low-pitched bleats), and copulatory (number of mounts, number of ejaculations, and refractory period) phases. The rams were more active during daytime. The animals in the rainy season showed more efficient sexual behaviors by the lower frequency of mounts per ejaculation and greater number of ejaculations in a shorter time. In contrast, courting behaviors such as exposure of tongue, number of mounts, low-pitched bleats, and leg-kicking were more frequent in the dry season. In the semi-arid region with latitudes close to 7°N, Morada Nova rams have a higher intensity of precopulatory behaviors and lower frequency of ejaculations in the dry season.

Astrocytes in the medial preoptic area modulate ejaculation latency in an experience-dependent fashion.

While sexually experienced males copulate at a higher frequency than sexually inexperienced males, there is still a great deal of variability in their behavior. Within the medial preoptic area (mPOA) of the hypothalamus, glutamate modulates some of this variability. Glutamate levels, for example, increase during sexual activity, peaking with ejaculation and falling precipitously during the post-ejaculation interval. Whereas lower glutamate levels after ejaculation translates to longer post-ejaculatory intervals, administration of glutamate uptake inhibitors into the mPOA increases the number of ejaculations a male rat achieves over a mating bout, and reduces the latency to ejaculate once mating begins. Because astrocytes modulate the availability of neuronal glutamate, we hypothesized that differences in the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the mPOA may account for variability in sexual behavior. To this end, we examined whether the number of astrocytes in the mPOA related to ejaculation latency as well as to the duration of the post-ejaculatory interval (PEI) in sexually experienced and sexually inexperienced males. Results indicate that the number of astrocytes negatively correlated with latency to reach ejaculations in sexually inexperienced but not sexually experienced rats while the number of astrocytes and PEI were not related. Astrocyte numbers did not vary between inexperienced and experienced subjects indicating that astrocyte processes may differentially project to sex-relevant glutamatergic synapses or that glutamatergic innervation of the mPOA changes as a function of sexual experience.

Novel Therapeutic Approach for Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction: Effect of Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Type 1 Monoclonal Antibody

BackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is a major health issue in aged populations, and neurogenic ED is particularly difficult to treat. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed for treatment of neurogenic ED of peripheral origin. ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects of a neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 monoclonal antibody (TrkA-mAb) on erectile function and sexual behavior in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury (CNI). Design, setting, and participantsIn one experiment, 84 male rats were randomly assigned to seven groups. The groups underwent either CNI or sham surgery, subsequent injection into the major pelvic ganglion (IMPG) of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), an immunoglobulin G (IgG) control, or TrkA-mAb, and then intracavernosal (IC) injection of either PBS or varying TrkA-mAb concentrations immediately after surgery and then 1 wk later. Erectile function was assessed and histologic/molecular analyses were performed at 6 wk after surgery. In a second experiment, 36 male rats were randomly divided into three groups. The groups underwent CNI or sham surgery and then IC injection of PBS, IgG, or TrkA-mAb immediately after surgery and for 5 wk thereafter. At 6 wk after surgery, the performance of the rats in sexual behavior tests was videotaped. InterventionCNI or sham surgery; IMPG of PBS, IgG, or TrkA-mAb; IC injection of PBS or TrkA-mAb. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisThe intracavernous pressure response to cavernous nerve electrostimulation was measured and midpenile cross-sections were histologically examined. Western blotting (WB) of cavernous tissue protein was performed. Rats were assessed for chasing, mounting, intromission, and ejaculation behaviors during sexual behavior tests. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey-Kramer t test. Results and limitationsRecovery of erectile function of varying degrees was observed in the TrkA-mAb groups. TrkA-mAb treatment significantly suppressed tyrosine hydroxylase–positive nerve fibers in the corpus cavernosum and enhanced neuronal nitric oxide synthase–positive fibers in the dorsal nerve. The ratio of smooth muscle to collagen in the corpus cavernosum was significantly improved in TrkA-mAb treatment groups compared to PBS vehicle and IgG control groups. WB confirmed these biological changes. There was a nonsignificant increase in the average number of intromissions and ejaculations in the TrkA-mAb group. The study limitations include small sample size, variability in sexual behavior, lack of data on the neuromuscular mechanism involved, and lack of information of the role of neurotrophins or cytokines in regeneration. ConclusionsTrkA-mAb successfully inhibits sympathetic nerve regeneration, leads to parasympathetic nerve regeneration, and has therapeutic effects on ED and sexual behavior disorder in a rat model of CNI. Patient summaryThis report provides strong evidence that a neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 monoclonal antibody (TrkA-mAb) inhibits sympathetic nerve regeneration, leads to parasympathetic nerve regeneration, and has therapeutic effects on erectile dysfunction and sexual behavior disorder in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury. The results raise the possibility that human patients with neurogenic erectile dysfunction may respond to TrkA-mAb in a manner that parallels the response seen in our rodent study.

P.2.e.002 Vortioxetine's multimodal mechanism of action implies an absence of sexual side effects in a male rat model for sexual function

Purpose: Antidepressants acting via inhibition of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) inhibit sexual behavior. Vortioxetine, an antidepressant with a multimodal mechanism of action, is an inhibitor of the SERT, a 5-HT3A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist and a 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist. Since modulating 5-HT receptor subtypes (e.g., 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B receptors) and the transporter may affect sexual function differently, we compared the effects of vortioxetine and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), paroxetine, on the sexual behavior of male rats. In an effort to dissect vortioxetine pharmacology, the effects of acute and chronic modulation of several serotonin receptors (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT3) were also studied in the same behavior paradigm. Method: Young adult male Wistar rats received 5 weekly trainings on copulation with a female that was in pharmacologically induced estrus. Low performers were excluded from the study. Mating sessions were video taped and manually scored on measures of male rat sexual behavior: latency and number of ejaculations, mounts and intromissions. The effects of vortioxetine (1 and 10mg/kg/day), paroxetine (10mg/kg/day), flesinoxan (5-HT1A agonist, 2.5mg/kg twice daily), CP-94253 (5-HT1B agonist, 5mg/kg daily), ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonist, 1mg/kg twice daily) and vehicle were compared immediately after the first dosing and after 1 and 2 weeks of repetitive dosing. As the affinity of vortioxetine for the rat 5-HT1A receptor is approximately 10-fold lower than for the human 5-HT1A receptor, vortioxetine was also tested in the presence of flesinoxan (2.5mg/kg twice daily) to mimic the human level of 5-HT1A receptor activation. Vortioxetine was dosed via the food; all other compounds were administered via subcutenous injections. Antidepressant exposures were determined as SERT occupancy using ex vivo autoradiography. Repeated measures and one-way ANOVA were performed, followed by individual t-tests. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Neither vortioxetine nor vortioxetine plus flesinoxan affected sexual behavior in male rats, whereas 2 weeks of paroxetine impaired sexual behavior significantly in several measures. Vortioxetine, 1 and 10mg/kg, corresponded to 50 and 87% SERT occupancy, which matched occupancies seen at clinical doses (5−20mg/day), as shown in human PET studies. Paroxetine produced approximately 90% SERT occupancy. Flesinoxan enhanced sexual function in male rats after acute and 1-week dosing, but not after 2 weeks’ treatment. Acute, 1-week and 2-week CP-94235 treatment significantly impaired sexual behavior. Ondansetron impaired ejaculation frequency only after 2 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: Vortioxetine at clinically relevant levels of SERT occupancy did not affect male rat sexual performance. Studies of selective compounds acting on the 5-HT receptor subtypes targeted by vortioxetine showed either improvement or deterioration of sexual performance in male rats. Therefore, the apparent neutral effect on sex performance of vortioxetine in this animal model is likely to be the result of a summation of simultaneous modulation of multiple 5-HT receptors plus SERT inhibition. Disclosure statement: This abstract is financially supported by a grant from Lundbeck Research USA.

Vasectomy occlusion techniques for male sterilization

Vasectomy is an increasingly popular and effective family planning method. A variety of vasectomy techniques are used worldwide, including vas occlusion techniques (excision and ligation, thermal or electrocautery, and mechanical and chemical occlusion methods), as well as vasectomy with vas irrigation or with fascial interposition. Vasectomy guidelines largely rely on information from observational studies. Ideally, the choice of vasectomy techniques should be based on the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The objective of this review was to compare the effectiveness, safety, acceptability and costs of vasectomy techniques for male sterilization. In February 2014, we updated the searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, POPLINE and LILACS. We looked for recent clinical trials in ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Previous searches also included EMBASE. For the initial review, we searched the reference lists of relevant articles and book chapters. We included RCTs comparing vasectomy techniques, which could include suture ligature, surgical clips, thermal or electrocautery, chemical occlusion, vas plugs, vas excision, open-ended vas, fascial interposition, or vas irrigation. We assessed all titles and abstracts located in the literature searches. Two reviewers independently extracted data from articles identified for inclusion. Outcome measures include contraceptive efficacy, safety, discontinuation, and acceptability. Peto odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used for dichotomous outcomes, such as azoospermia. The mean difference (MD) was used for the continuous variable of operating time. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. One trial compared vas occlusion with clips versus a conventional vasectomy technique. No difference was found in failure to reach azoospermia (no sperm detected). Three trials examined vasectomy with vas irrigation. Two studies looked at irrigation with water versus no irrigation, while one examined irrigation with water versus the spermicide euflavine. None found a difference between the groups for time to azoospermia. However, one trial reported that the median number of ejaculations to azoospermia was lower in the euflavine group compared to the water irrigation group. One high-quality trial compared vasectomy with fascial interposition versus vasectomy without fascial interposition. The fascial interposition group was less likely to have vasectomy failure. Fascial interposition had more surgical difficulties, but the groups were similar in side effects. Lastly, one trial found that an intra-vas was less likely to produce azoospermia than was no-scalpel vasectomy. More men were satisfied with the intra-vas device, however. For vas occlusion with clips or vasectomy with vas irrigation, no conclusions can be made as those studies were of low quality and underpowered. Fascial interposition reduced vasectomy failure. An intra-vas device was less effective in reducing sperm count than was no-scalpel vasectomy. RCTs examining other vasectomy techniques were not available. More and better quality research is needed to examine vasectomy techniques.

MP74-16 ENUMERATION OF PROSTATE CANCER MICROPARTICLES AS A TOOL TO IDENTIFY PROSTATE CANCER

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In addition to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer, a rise in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level can be expectedin urologic instrumentations such as cystoscopy and prostate biopsy, and also in infectious conditions such as prostatitis.These conditions elevate serum PSA by destructing the morphology of prostatic cells or by generating defects in the basal membrane that results in the passage of PSA to circulation more than usual. Recent research speculated on the effect of ejeculation on serum PSA level and reached several results different from each other. So the real effect of ejaculation on serum PSA and its physiological mechanism still remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between monthly ejaculation frequency and serum PSA level and to detect the chronic effect of ejaculation on PSA. METHODS: Between October 2009 and August 2012, in our outpatient urology clinic, 144 menpresenting with lower urinary tract symptomsand aged between 45-72 were enrolled in the study. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the number of ejaculations in last month: group 1, 0-5; group 2, 6-10; group 3, more than10, respectively. Groups were compared regarding age, free PSA (fPSA) and total PSA (tPSA) levels, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), international index of erectile function (IIEF), prostate volume measured with trans-rectal ultrasound and PSA density (PSA divided by prostate volume). A p value under 0.05 was accepted significant. RESULTS: Patients data were given in table 1.The 3 groups were similar regarding age, tPSA, fPSA, IPSS and prostate volume (P >0.05). IIEF score differencesamong 3 groups wereof statistical significance (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, we observed that monthly ejaculation frequency has no effect on serum PSA level.

MP74-15 THE EFFECT OF EJACULATION FREQUENCY ON SERUM PROSTATE SPESIFIC ANTIGEN LEVEL

You have accessJournal of UrologyProstate Cancer: Markers I1 Apr 2014MP74-15 THE EFFECT OF EJACULATION FREQUENCY ON SERUM PROSTATE SPESIFIC ANTIGEN LEVEL Mehmet Karabakan, Serkan Akdemir, Alp Özgür Akdemir, Çetin Volkan Öztekin, Özer Güzel, Cevdet Serkan Gökkaya, and Mesut Çetinkaya Mehmet KarabakanMehmet Karabakan More articles by this author , Serkan AkdemirSerkan Akdemir More articles by this author , Alp Özgür AkdemirAlp Özgür Akdemir More articles by this author , Çetin Volkan ÖztekinÇetin Volkan Öztekin More articles by this author , Özer GüzelÖzer Güzel More articles by this author , Cevdet Serkan GökkayaCevdet Serkan Gökkaya More articles by this author , and Mesut ÇetinkayaMesut Çetinkaya More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.2348AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES In addition to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer, a rise in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level can be expectedin urologic instrumentations such as cystoscopy and prostate biopsy, and also in infectious conditions such as prostatitis.These conditions elevate serum PSA by destructing the morphology of prostatic cells or by generating defects in the basal membrane that results in the passage of PSA to circulation more than usual. Recent research speculated on the effect of ejeculation on serum PSA level and reached several results different from each other. So the real effect of ejaculation on serum PSA and its physiological mechanism still remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between monthly ejaculation frequency and serum PSA level and to detect the chronic effect of ejaculation on PSA. METHODS Between October 2009 and August 2012, in our outpatient urology clinic, 144 menpresenting with lower urinary tract symptomsand aged between 45-72 were enrolled in the study. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the number of ejaculations in last month: group 1, 0-5; group 2, 6-10; group 3, more than10, respectively. Groups were compared regarding age, free PSA (fPSA) and total PSA (tPSA) levels, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), international index of erectile function (IIEF), prostate volume measured with trans-rectal ultrasound and PSA density (PSA divided by prostate volume). A p value under 0.05 was accepted significant. RESULTS Patients data were given in table 1.The 3 groups were similar regarding age, tPSA, fPSA, IPSS and prostate volume (P >0.05). IIEF score differencesamong 3 groups wereof statistical significance (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the current study, we observed that monthly ejaculation frequency has no effect on serum PSA level. Table 1: Patients data. Group 1 (n: 78) Group 2 ( n:49) Group 3 ( n:17) p value* Age (years) 59.56±2.58 58.53±5.69 55±6.7 0.68 IPSS 13.87±6.29 13.59±6.8 11.18±5.8 0.140 IIEF 18.56±9.65** 25.3±6.61 ** 29.06±1.34 ** <0.001 tPSA (ng/ml) 1.78±2.58 2.14±2.6 3.1± 4.64 0.10 fPSA (ng/ml) 0.49±0.8 0.44±0.33 0.57±0.71 0.826 PSAD 4.13±3.54 5.97±6.73 9.05±12.16 *** 0.04 Prostate volume (cc) 41.56±21.03 35.87±14.49 35.29±11.97 0.379 ∗ Kruskal Wallis Test, ** Significant differences among all 3 groups(P <0.001), *** Significant differencebetween group 1 and 3 (P = 0.004). © 2014FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 191Issue 4SApril 2014Page: e862 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2014MetricsAuthor Information Mehmet Karabakan More articles by this author Serkan Akdemir More articles by this author Alp Özgür Akdemir More articles by this author Çetin Volkan Öztekin More articles by this author Özer Güzel More articles by this author Cevdet Serkan Gökkaya More articles by this author Mesut Çetinkaya More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

P.3.026 The impact of antipsychotic drugs in depression: a role for adult neurogenesis?

Purpose: Antidepressants acting via inhibition of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) inhibit sexual behavior. Vortioxetine, an antidepressant with a multimodal mechanism of action, is an inhibitor of the SERT, a 5-HT3A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist and a 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist. Since modulating 5-HT receptor subtypes (e.g., 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B receptors) and the transporter may affect sexual function differently, we compared the effects of vortioxetine and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), paroxetine, on the sexual behavior of male rats. In an effort to dissect vortioxetine pharmacology, the effects of acute and chronic modulation of several serotonin receptors (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT3) were also studied in the same behavior paradigm. Method: Young adult male Wistar rats received 5 weekly trainings on copulation with a female that was in pharmacologically induced estrus. Low performers were excluded from the study. Mating sessions were video taped and manually scored on measures of male rat sexual behavior: latency and number of ejaculations, mounts and intromissions. The effects of vortioxetine (1 and 10mg/kg/day), paroxetine (10mg/kg/day), flesinoxan (5-HT1A agonist, 2.5mg/kg twice daily), CP-94253 (5-HT1B agonist, 5mg/kg daily), ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonist, 1mg/kg twice daily) and vehicle were compared immediately after the first dosing and after 1 and 2 weeks of repetitive dosing. As the affinity of vortioxetine for the rat 5-HT1A receptor is approximately 10-fold lower than for the human 5-HT1A receptor, vortioxetine was also tested in the presence of flesinoxan (2.5mg/kg twice daily) to mimic the human level of 5-HT1A receptor activation. Vortioxetine was dosed via the food; all other compounds were administered via subcutenous injections. Antidepressant exposures were determined as SERT occupancy using ex vivo autoradiography. Repeated measures and one-way ANOVA were performed, followed by individual t-tests. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Neither vortioxetine nor vortioxetine plus flesinoxan affected sexual behavior in male rats, whereas 2 weeks of paroxetine impaired sexual behavior significantly in several measures. Vortioxetine, 1 and 10mg/kg, corresponded to 50 and 87% SERT occupancy, which matched occupancies seen at clinical doses (5−20mg/day), as shown in human PET studies. Paroxetine produced approximately 90% SERT occupancy. Flesinoxan enhanced sexual function in male rats after acute and 1-week dosing, but not after 2 weeks’ treatment. Acute, 1-week and 2-week CP-94235 treatment significantly impaired sexual behavior. Ondansetron impaired ejaculation frequency only after 2 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: Vortioxetine at clinically relevant levels of SERT occupancy did not affect male rat sexual performance. Studies of selective compounds acting on the 5-HT receptor subtypes targeted by vortioxetine showed either improvement or deterioration of sexual performance in male rats. Therefore, the apparent neutral effect on sex performance of vortioxetine in this animal model is likely to be the result of a summation of simultaneous modulation of multiple 5-HT receptors plus SERT inhibition. Disclosure statement: This abstract is financially supported by a grant from Lundbeck Research USA.

An enriched rearing environment calms adult male rat sexual activity: implication for distinct serotonergic and hormonal responses to females.

Early life events induce alterations in neural function in adulthood. Although rearing in an enriched environment (EE) has a great impact on behavioral development, the effects of enriched rearing on sociosexual behavior remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of rearing in an EE on male copulatory behavior and its underlying neurobiological mechanisms in Wistar-Imamichi rats. Three-week-old, recently weaned rats were continuously subjected to a standard environment (SE) or an EE comprised of a large cage with several objects, such as toys, tunnels, ladders, and a running wheel. After 6 weeks, rats reared in an EE (EE rats) showed decreased sexual activity compared with rats reared in a SE (SE rats). This included a lower number of ejaculations and longer latencies in three consecutive copulatory tests. In addition, EE rats showed decreased emotional responsiveness and less locomotor behavior in an open field. In a runway test, on the other hand, sexual motivation toward receptive females in EE males was comparable to that of SE males. Furthermore, following exposure to a female, increases in serotonin levels in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum were significantly suppressed in EE males, whereas dopaminergic responses were similar between the groups. Female-exposure-induced increases in the levels of plasma corticosterone and testosterone were also suppressed in EE rats compared to SE rats. These data suggest that rearing in an EE decreases male copulatory behavior, and serotonin and hormonal regulating systems may regulate the differences in sociosexual interactions that result from distinct rearing environments.

Study on buck's mating behaviour, libido score and semen biology in local goat of Rohilkhand region, India

The experiment was conducted to record normative sexual behaviour, libido test along with physico- morphological characteristics of semen in bucks of local goats maintained at sheep and goat unit, Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar Bareilly. Available bucks were categorized in to Group I: Experienced (2yrs), Group II: Non experienced Adolescence (1 year), Group III: Pubertal (6 -12 months). Six males from each group utilized for the normative sexual behaviour. Each male was observed 3 times for recording sexual behaviour for 30 min. Semen collection using artificial vagina was done using bucks from group II. Mean time spent in licking and vocalization was higher in Gr2, followed by Gr1 and Gr3. Irrespective of group sniffing and licking were predominant courtship activities observed. False mounting was higher in Gr3, followed by Gr2 and Gr1. Mounting and number of ejaculation was higher in Gr1 followed by Gr2 and Gr3. The time spent in standing without any mating activities was highest in Gr3 followed by Gr2 and Gr1. Introductory ejaculatory latency (IEL) for Gr1, Gr2 and Gr3 was 0.72±0.38, 1.75±0.94 and 6.91±1.73 min. respectively. The lowest IEL was in Gr1 followed by Gr2 and Gr3. The same trend was observed for 1st, 2nd and 3rd post ejaculation interval (PEI). Mean values was lowest in Gr2 followed Gr1 and Gr3 for 4th PEI except Gr3 for 2nd PEI. 5th onwards there was no particular trend followed which might be due to less number of males which exhibited the mating (Gr2). However, the number of bucks which showed the mating was higher in Gr1. Initial mount latency (IML) for Gr1, Gr2 and Gr3 was 0.20 ±0.02, 0.31±0.04 and 0.68±0.27 min., respectively. However, there was no particular trend observed in Gr2 and Gr3.The probable reason for no trend in Gr2 and Gr3 was due to inexperienced bucks. Further, the numbers of bucks showed 4th mating onwards were less. Therefore, Gr1 showed the increment in the refractory period in a consistent manner except 6th and 7th refractory period. Libido score was almost similar in Gr1 and Gr2 but it was higher than Gr3, which differed significantly (P

Retrospective study of bull semen quality — possible correlation with pesticide use?

Decline in semen quality in humans and increased incidence of male reproductive problems could be caused by different factors, including pesticides that could mimic or block the action of endogenous hormones. If the decline in semen quality is real, and environmental chemicals are at least partially responsible for this decline, similar changes should be observed in animals that live in close connection with humans and are exposed to similar levels of pollutants. In the present study, the semen quality of bulls in the last 30 years was examined with respect to the year of birth. Furthermore, semen quality results were correlated to the total pesticide use in a limited geographical area. The results indicate a notable decrease in both ejaculate volume and total number of spermatozoa in ejaculates of bulls born in the late 1970s, while after that (until 2006) there was no obvious downward or upward trend either in ejaculate volume or in the total number of sperm cells. The amount of pesticides released into the environment increased about twofold in the given period, and linear regression analysis revealed a strong and statistically significant correlation between the amount of pesticides used and the total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate.

Effect of DA-8031, a novel oral compound for premature ejaculation, on male rat sexual behavior

DA-8031 is a potent and selective serotonin transporter inhibitor developed for the treatment of premature ejaculation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DA-8031 on male sexual behavior in a rat model. Sexual behavior was examined after an acute oral administration of 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg of DA-8031 in copulation studies with female rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated after oral administration of DA-8031 at a dose level of 30 mg/kg. DA-8031 treatment produced a dose-dependent increase in ejaculation latency time and showed statistical significance at 30 and 100 mg/kg dosage levels compared with the vehicle (P < 0.05). In addition, DA-8031 treatment reduced the mean number of ejaculations in a dose-dependent manner. No changes in post-ejaculatory interval, numbers of mounts, intromissions or ejaculations were observed at any dose. In pharmacokinetic study, the blood concentration of DA-8031 peaked at 0.38 ± 0.14 h after oral administration, and then rapidly declined with a half-life of 1.79 ± 0.32 h. Treatment with DA-8031 delays the ejaculation latency time without affecting the initiation of mounting behavior or post-ejaculatory interval in rats. Furthermore, DA-8031 is rapidly absorbed and eliminated after oral administration in rats. These preclinical findings provide a clue for the clinical testing of DA-8031 as an "on-demand" agent for premature ejaculation.

Infusion of endomorphin-1 (EM-1) in the MPOA and the Me modulate sexual and socio-sexual behavior in the male rat

Several neurotransmitters, among them neuropeptides, have been implicated in the control of male sexual behavior. Opioids are involved in mediating the positive affective states generated by the execution of sexual behavior in both males and females. We have previously shown that intracerebroventricular administration of endomorphin-1 (EM-1), the specific ligand for the μ opioid receptor, increased the ejaculation latency and interintromission interval and reduced the number of ejaculations during the test. In the present study we evaluated the effect of EM-1 upon male sexual behavior and socio-sexual interactions when infused in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) or the medial amygdala (Me). The results indicate that the administration of EM-1 in the MPOA increased mount and intromission latencies while infusion in the Me increased the number of mounts before ejaculation as well as the ejaculation latency. With respect to socio-sexual interactions, the duration of pursuit was significantly increased after administration of EM-1 in the MPOA. The effects upon sexual behavior and socio-sexual interactions were blocked by administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone. These results indicate that EM-1 modulates the appetitive aspect of sexual behavior in the MPOA and the consummatory phase in the Me.

1021 INHIBITION OF THE FATTY ACID AMIDE HYDROLASE INCREASES LATENCY TO APOMORPHINE-INDUCED EJACULATION IN RATS

You have accessJournal of UrologySexual Function/Dysfunction/Andrology: Basic Research (II)1 Apr 20131021 INHIBITION OF THE FATTY ACID AMIDE HYDROLASE INCREASES LATENCY TO APOMORPHINE-INDUCED EJACULATION IN RATS Giovanni La Croce, Arianna Bettiga, Roberta Buono, Giorgia Colciago, Fabio Benigni, Francesco Mistretta, Francesco Montorsi, Fabio Castiglione, Maarten Albersen, and Petter Hedlund Giovanni La CroceGiovanni La Croce Milan, Italy More articles by this author , Arianna BettigaArianna Bettiga Milan, Italy More articles by this author , Roberta BuonoRoberta Buono Milan, Italy More articles by this author , Giorgia ColciagoGiorgia Colciago Milan, Italy More articles by this author , Fabio BenigniFabio Benigni Milan, Italy More articles by this author , Francesco MistrettaFrancesco Mistretta Milan, Italy More articles by this author , Francesco MontorsiFrancesco Montorsi Milan, Italy More articles by this author , Fabio CastiglioneFabio Castiglione Milan, Italy More articles by this author , Maarten AlbersenMaarten Albersen Leuven, Belgium More articles by this author , and Petter HedlundPetter Hedlund Milan, Italy More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.606AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The endocannabinoid system modulates afferent signals under certain conditions. It is not known if the endocannabinoid-regulatory enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is located to or has a function in the ejaculatory system. We aimed to examine the expression of FAAH in the seminal vesicle and vas deferens and effects of inhibition of FAAH on seminal vesicle function and ejaculation. METHODS After ethical approval, anesthetized male Sprague Dawley rats (250gram) were used for (I) recordings of intraluminal pressure of the seminal vesicle, or (II) pressures of the corpus spongiousum during apomorphine-induced (150μg/kg, s.c.) ejaculation. Effects by intraperitoneal oleoyl ethyl amide (OEtA; a FAAH inhibitor; 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) or vehicle were studied. PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry were used for studies of FAAH expression in rat and human tissues. Effect by OEtA (0.1-100 μM) on isolated seminal vesicle was studied in organ baths. ANOVA and T-test were used for comparisons. RESULTS PCR and WB demonstrated FAAH in rat and human seminal vesicles and vas deferens. FAAH was located in epithelial cells of both tissues. In human samples, the FAAH-2 isoform was similarly expressed. In isolated tissues, maximum inhibition by OEtA (100 μM) on nerve-induced contractions were 21±9% (human;n=5) and 22±9% (rat;n=7). In vivo, the frequencies of spontaneous seminal vesicle contractions / min. were 1.08±0.32 (baseline) and 0.58±0.13 (OEtA 10mg/kg;p<0.05), and 1.23±0.41 (baseline) and 1.45±0.52 (vehicle; ns). OEtA increased basal pressure by 34±13% (vs. 0.3±2.9% for vehicle; p<0.05). Apomorphine-induced ejaculations were registered as suprasystolic intraspongious pressure spikes with striated muscle contractions and semen-expulsion from the urethra. Latencies to the first, second and third ejaculation were 6.0±1.2, 13.1±1.9, and 19.4±2.2 min. for vehicle (n=7); 12.7±3.2 (p=0.07), 19.6±4, and 22.8±2.6 min; and 21.8±3.3 (p<0.05) for OEtA (0.1 mg/kg; n=8), 26.9±5.1 (p<0.05), and 38.7±9.5 (p<0.05) min. for OEtA (1mg/kg; n=6). No differences in the number or pressure amplitudes of ejaculations were noted for OEtA and vehicle. CONCLUSIONS FAAH is expressed in the rat and human vas deferens and seminal vesicle. FAAH inhibition seems to depress seminal vesicle excitability and prolongs latency for apomorphine-induced ejaculation in rats. Pharmacological targeting of FAAH may be an interesting principle to further develop in premature ejaculation. © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 189Issue 4SApril 2013Page: e419 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Giovanni La Croce Milan, Italy More articles by this author Arianna Bettiga Milan, Italy More articles by this author Roberta Buono Milan, Italy More articles by this author Giorgia Colciago Milan, Italy More articles by this author Fabio Benigni Milan, Italy More articles by this author Francesco Mistretta Milan, Italy More articles by this author Francesco Montorsi Milan, Italy More articles by this author Fabio Castiglione Milan, Italy More articles by this author Maarten Albersen Leuven, Belgium More articles by this author Petter Hedlund Milan, Italy More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Hemosepermia after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy: A prospective study

Objectives:Trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) is a safe, cost-effective, radiation-free imaging modality for evaluation of prostate. But unfortunately, hemospermia is known to be associated with TRUS–guided prostate biopsy. The aim of this study is to measure the incidence and risk factors of hemospermia in patients undergoing TRUS.Patients and Methods:A prospective observational study involving patients undergoing TRUS for suspected prostate cancer has been conducted at Al-Hussein and Sayed Galal Hospitals. Forty patients were included in the study.Results:Most men (90% = 36 patient) undergoing TRUS-guided prostatic biopsy, who were able to ejaculate, experienced hemospermia, which was associated with some degree of anxiety. The mean duration of hemospermia was 4 (±1.4) weeks. The number of ejaculations before the complete resolution of hemospermia was 6 (±5.6). None of the clinical and pathological factors was a significant predictor of the duration of hemospermia.Conclusion:Patients should be adequately counseled before TRUS-guided prostatic biopsy to avoid anxiety and alterations in sexual activity.

Seasonal variations in the quality and freezability of Red Sindhi bull semen

The aim of present study is to evaluate the variables affecting semen characteristics in Red Sindhi bulls. Semen ejaculates (771) collected from 4 Red Sindhi bulls during various seasons (winter, summer and rainy) of the year were studied. Ejaculate volume (EVOL), sperm concentration (SCON) showed significant effect of seasons. However, initial motility (IM) and post-thaw motility (PTM) did not differ significantly between seasons. Mean values for semen parameters, viz. number of ejaculates per month, EVOL, IM, SCON, PTM, were 16.06, 4.32±0.07 ml, 66.89±0.37 %, 1043.75±16.35 million/ml and 50.11±0.03 %, respectively. Discard (rejection) rate of frozen semen was the highest in summer (7.52%) followed by rainy (5.12%) and lowest in winter (3.98%).

Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Semen Quality of Korean Men in Their Fourth Decade

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common condition that adversely affects men across a wide range of ages. A number of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for CP/CPPS have been investigated. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CPPS in Korean men in their thirties and to investigate the effect of CPPS and medical treatment on semen quality. Of 314 men with prostatitis, 74 patients with CPPS class IIIA (23.6%) were eligible for the study; these patients underwent combined α-blocker and cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor therapy. These 74 men were prospectively studied at a medical center in Seoul, Korea. A number of parameters, including ejaculations per month, semen variables, and the levels of hormones (such as follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol [E(2)], luteinizing hormone [LH], testosterone, and prolactin) were evaluated. The mean number of ejaculations per month, the mean number of daily hours spent sitting at work, smoking, body mass index, LH and E(2) levels, and semen parameters all showed significant differences (P < .0001) between the study patients and the controls. The combined regimen was effective in improving all aspects of semen quality except morphology (P < .05). CPPS class IIIA, which is notably prevalent among Korean men in the fourth decade of life, affects semen quality and poses a challenge to fertility. Proper treatment of CPPS class IIIA results in improved semen quality. Men with CPPS therefore require proper evaluation and treatment by andrologists/urologists before planning a natural conception.

Impairment of Sexual Function in Rats with Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic disease that affects men and women of all ages, with different levels of severity. Many individuals with epilepsy also suffer from impairments in sexual function. However, it is difficult to differentiate between the impact of the disease and the impact of antiepileptic drugs on sexual function in human subjects. To evaluate sexual behavior in adult male rats submitted to chronic pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. First, non-epileptic rats were exposed to nine training sessions to acquire sexual experience, and their baseline sexual performance was evaluated. Then, the same rats were given pilocarpine to induce status epilepticus followed by chronic epilepsy. Once the animals had developed spontaneous recurrent seizures, their sexual behavior was evaluated during three sessions. Examine changes in latencies to first mount, intromission, and ejaculation, and the total number of mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations. All outcome measures related to sexual motivation and sexual performance were markedly impaired during chronic epilepsy compared with the baseline and the control group. These findings will aid in understanding the interaction between sexual behavior and epilepsy, as well as encouraging further experimental studies in human patients with epilepsy suffering from sexual dysfunction.