Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells Research Articles

In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Indolo[2,3-b] Quinolines, Natural Product Analogs from Neocryptolepine Alkaloid.

Neocryptolepine (5-methyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b] quinoline) analogs were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their effect versus Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). The analogs showed stronger cytotoxic activity against EAC cells than the reference drug. The in vivo evaluation of the target compounds against EAC-induced solid tumor in the female albino Swiss mice revealed a remarkable decrease in the tumor volume (TV) and hepatic lipid peroxidation. A noticeable increase of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels was reported (p < 0.001), which set-forth proof of their antioxidant effect. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the neocryptolepine analogs was screened out using the DPPH method and showed promising activities activity. The histopathological investigations affirmed that the tested analogs have a remarkable curative effect on solid tumors with minimal side-effect on the liver. The study also includes illustrated mechanism of the antitumor activity at the cell level by flow cytometry. The cell cycle analysis showed that the neocryptolepine analogs extensively increase the aggregation of tumor cells in three phases of the cell cycle (G0/G1, S and G2/M) with the emergence of a hypo-diploid DNA content peak (sub-G1) in the cell cycle experiments, which is a clear-cut for the apoptotic cell population. Furthermore, the immunological study manifested a significant elevation in splenic lymphocyte count (p < 0.001) with the elevation of the responsiveness of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). These results indicate that these naturally-based neocryptolepine alkaloids exhibit marked antitumor activity in vivo and represent an important lead in the development of natural-based anticancer drugs.

Antitumor Effect of Bio-Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles Towards Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma

The current study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer potential of the silver nanoparticles fabricated with butanol fraction of Pinus roxburghii needles (PNb-AgNPs). In vitro results revealed significant cytotoxicity of PNb-AgNPs towards Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells with an IC50 of 47.02 ± 1.11 μg/ml. Further, morphological changes, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial depolarization, and DNA fragmentation elucidated EAC cell death by PNb-AgNPs exposure. The cell cycle analysis displayed an increase in the Sub-G1 population (52%), further confirmed by nuclear fragmentation in EAC cells after PNb-AgNPs treatment. The hemolytic investigation revealed the biocompatible nature of PNb-AgNPs. In vivo experiments were performed using the liquid Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma tumor model, which clearly showed a reduction in tumor growth and body weight following PNb-AgNPs treatment in EAC-bearing mice as compared to untreated controls. Moreover, elevated hematological and biochemical parameters were found to restore to normal range in EAC-bearing mice treated with PNb-AgNPs. Overall, PNb-AgNPs effectively induced apoptotic cell death in EAC cells and exhibited remarkable in vivo antitumor potential.

Impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles and thymoquinone in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma induced in mice.

The field of nanotechnology offers great opportunities for cancer therapy. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic impact of Zn oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and thymoquinone (TQ) alone or as cotherapy in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) induced in mice. This study was performed on 75 female albino mice divided intoGroup I: EAC-bearing control group, Group II: EAC treated with TQ, Group III: EAC treated with low-dose ZnO NPs, Group IV: EAC treated with high-dose ZnO NPs, Group V: EAC treated with TQ and low-dose ZnO NPs. All groups were subjected to measurement of cell viability, ascites fluid volume, Bcl2 protein expression by Western blot analysis, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) gene expression by a real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay levels of Beclin 1, interferon γ (INFγ), interleukin 13 (IL-13), and estimation of Zn concentrations in EAC cells and liver homogenate to evaluate its toxicity. Cotherapy has an efficient anticancer effect by enhancing apoptosis and autophagy, resulting in reducing tumor cell viability and ascites fluid volume together with downregulation of Bcl2 protein expression. This cotherapy increases Beclin 1 and INFγ and decreases IL-13. ZnO NPs upregulate COX2 expression, whereas TQ downregulates its expression. High-dose ZnO NPs have more toxic effects on liver enzymes. Using TQ together with ZnO NPs can eliminate ZnO NPs liver toxicity. The cotherapy has an efficient anticancer effect by enhancing apoptosis and autophagy. High-dose ZnO NPs have more toxic effects on liver enzymes. Using TQ together with ZnO NPs can eliminate ZnO NP liver toxicity.

A comparative study of biological potentiality and EAC cell growth inhibition activity of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) fruit pulp and seed in Bangladesh.

Medicinal plant-derived bioactive compounds have recently gained more interest in biological research as an important source of novel drug candidates. Phyllanthus acidus (L.) is a widely distributed herbal medicinal plant naturally used in Ayurvedic medicine in Bangladesh. The present study focused on exploring the biological potential as well as the inhibitory effect of EAC cell growth with a comparative analysis between Phyllanthus acidus fruit pulp and seed. Crude methanol extract of P. acidus (MEPA) fruit pulp and seed was assessed as DPPH and NO free radical scavengers. While Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay, the standard protocol of phytochemical screening and hemagglutination assay were performed successively to determine the toxic effect on normal cells, the identification of some crucial phytochemicals, and the existence of lectin protein. EAC (Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma) cell growth inhibition was determined by hemocytometer and morphological changes of EAC cells were observed by a fluorescence microscope using Swiss albino mice. The IC50 value of MEPA fruit pulp and seed was obtained as 57.159µg/ml and 288.743µg/ml respectively where minimal toxic effects on Brine Shrimp nauplii demonstrates that it is a good source of natural antioxidant compounds. Again, MEPA fruit pulp and seed-mediated effective agglutination of mouse blood erythrocyte strongly support the presence of lectin protein. Furthermore, MEPA fruit pulp and seed extract-treated EAC cells showed 65.71% and 28.57% growth inhibition respectively. The fluorescent microscopic examination of EAC cells treated with MEPA fruit pulp has shown more remarkable structural changes in the nucleus than that of seed. Based on the above findings, the present study reveals that MEPA fruit pulp can be considered as a novel biological candidate for the treatment of fatal diseases shortly.

New metal complexes derived from diacetylmonoxime-n(4)antipyrinylthiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antitumor activity against Ehrlich solid tumors induced in mice

The present study aimed to synthesize new metal complexes of diacetylmonoxime-N(4)antipyrinylthiosemicarbazone ligand and evaluate their antitumor activity. New complexes with ferric, cobalt, nickel and copper ions were prepared. Elemental, 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance, Mass spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Fourier Transform InfraredSpectroscopy, Ultraviolet–visible and thermal gravimetricanalysis were used to characterize the obtained complexes 1–11. An in vivo tumor model was established to investigate the effect of the naked ligand and its metal complexes 2, 5 and 8. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma solid tumor was induced in mice through subcutaneous inoculation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. The volumes of the formed solid tumors, the alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, albumin concentration in the serum, as well as the levels of Ki67 and p53 proteins in tumor and liver tissues were detected. All the tested complexes, especially complex 5, possessed proliferative inhibition manifested as the reduction of the tumor volume, Alanine aminotransferase & Aspartate aminotransferase activity, and the level of the Ki67 protein. Additionally, they restored the albumin concentration to normal levels as well increased the level of pro-apoptotic p53 protein. In conclusion, the antitumor activity of the newly synthesized metal complexes against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma solid tumors was proved to be mediated by the inhibition of Ki67 and induction of p53 proteins.

A Promising Platform of Magnetic Nanofluid and Ultrasonic Treatment for Cancer Hyperthermia Therapy: In Vitro and in Vivo Study

Localized hyperthermia is a very promising cancer therapy approach especially when stimulated by the exceptional properties of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). This approach is a highly site-specific method for localized heating of bodily tissue without any harmful side effects that could revolutionize the practice of cancer therapy. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the cancer cell-destroying capability of MNPs in combination with ultrasound treatment as an innovative sonomagnetic cancer therapy. Magnetic nanofluids (MNFs) were synthesized by co-precipitation/sonochemical techniques in an aqueous medium without any surfactant and/or capping agent. The physicochemical characteristics of the prepared MNFs were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared and vibrating sample magnetometry. The MNFs was used as a mediator and sonosensitizer to destroy tumor tissue when irradiated by ultrasound waves. The antitumor efficiency of MNFs in combination with pulsed ultrasound (1.5 W/cm2, 1 MHz) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro efficacy was estimated by determining the cell viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. For in vivo experiments, female mice were inoculated subcutaneously with Ehrlich carcinoma cells to establish solid Ehrlich carcinoma. The cytotoxic concentration of MNFs (400 µg/mL) was injected intratumorally and exposed to pulsed ultrasound (1.5 W/cm2, 1 MHz). The cytotoxic effect was determined in terms of tumor growth rate, apoptosis and necrosis. Our results revealed that MNFs in the presence of pulsed ultrasound cause a significant increase in the cytotoxicity effect on tumor cells. This study illustrates the high efficiency of cancer therapy as assisted by both ultrasound and magnetic nanofluid.

Deciphering the molecular pathways of apoptosis using purified fractions from leaf extract of Basella alba through studying the regulation of apoptosis related genes.

Apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the exclusion of abnormal cells without any ruin of surrounding healthy cells. Generally, it occurs through an orderly and autonomously process which is controlled by proper function of various genes. Therefore, the current experiments detect the expression level/pattern of those genes to confirm the involvement of extrinsic and intrinsic pathway using Basella alba leaf (BAL). Several fractions after gel filtration chromatography of BAL extract have been pooled to evaluates its apoptosis induction potentiality on Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells through conducting a number of bio-assays such as cell growth inhibition assay, fluorescence and optical microscopy, DNA fragmentation assay and gene expression analysis etc. The pooled fractions of BAL showed 12-56% inhibitory effect on EAC cell line at the concentration range of 25-400μg/ml that was determined by MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. They also exhibited excellent cell growth inhibition at in vivo and in vitro condition when treated with 10, 20 and 40mg/kg day. After administration of six consequent days, significant morphological features of apoptosis were observed in EAC cells under both fluorescence and optical microscope which was further supported by DNA fragmentation assay. The polymerase chain reaction amplification of bax, bcl-2(B-cell lymphoma 2), p53, tumor necrosis factor-α, Fas, NF-kβ(Nuclear factor-Kappa-B), PARP-1(Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), Cyt-c cas-8, cas-9 and cas-3 revealed that the experimental sample able to induce apoptosis in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways through altering the gene expression. The current findings suggest that sample from BAL occupy wonderful competence to induce cell apoptosis and become an ideal resource for cancer treatment.

Influence of magnetic nanoparticles on cells of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

The effect of magnetic nanoparticles coated with arabinogalactan on the viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells was studied. The nanoparticles were studied by transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and ferromagnetic resonance. A correlation between the proportion of dead EAC cells in suspension and the intensity of the EPR signal of dinitrosyl iron complexes was found. This result may be due to the presence of NO molecules.

Methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves mediates anticancer activities through inhibiting NF- and #120581;B and enhancing ROS in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in mice

Methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves mediates anticancer activities through inhibiting NF- and #120581;B and enhancing ROS in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in mice

Antitumour activity of Annona muricata L. leaf methanol extracts against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma and Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites mediated tumours in Swiss albino mice

ABSTRACT The use of plants as a source of sedative or treatment for cancer is reasonably widespread worldwide. Annona muricata Linn exhibits a vast array of medicinal and ethno-pharmaceutical benefits, attributed by different plant parts. The activity of this plant is regarded to the bio-production of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and most unique group of compounds, namely, annonaceous acetogenins. Whilst this plant is gaining popularity as an anticancer treating plant, this study was undertaken to verify the plausible anticancer effect of leaf methanol extracts of A. muricata (LEAM). Acute toxicity study was carried to obtain safe dose in mice models using haematological, biochemical, and histological evaluations in Swiss albino mice. In-vitro cytotoxicity towards Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) and Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell lines were determined by trypan blue exclusion method. In-vivo antitumour activity of LEAM (100, 200, and 500mg/kg b.wt.) was evaluated using DLA induced solid carcinoma and EAC induced ascites carcinoma models and its comparison with standard drug Cisplatin. Acute toxicity studies did not exhibit significant variations in treated mice suggesting diminutive side effects of LEAM. Statistical analysis revealed the IC50 values for DLA and EAC cell lines as 85.56 ± 5.28 and 68.07 ± 7.39 µg/mL, respectively, indicating better cytotoxic activity against EAC than DLA cells. LEAM decreased the tumour burden in dose-dependent manner. In comparison, with different concentrations tested, treatment with LEAM (200 mg/kg b.wt. and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) significantly reduced the solid tumour volume development by 58.11% and 65.70%, respectively. While lifespan was prolonged up to 51.43% in 500 mg/kg b.wt. LEAM treated ascites tumour-induced mice. This study thus indicates that LEAM possesses potent cytotoxic and antineoplastic activity and calls for more methodical safety assessments and other end-points of anti-tumourigenesis. Abbreviations: LEAM: Leaf methanol extract of Annona muricata; DLA: Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites; EAC: Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma; IC50 : Half maximal inhibitory concentration; CPCSEA: Committee for the Purpose of Control Supervision of Experiments on Animal; IAEC: Institutional Animal Ethics Committee; ARRIVE: Animal Research: Reporting In-vivo Experiments; DMSO: Dimethyl sulphoxide; LD50 : Lethal Dose, 50%; SD: Standard Deviation; Hb: Haemoglobin; RBC: Red blood cells; WBC: White blood cells; HCT: Hematocrit; MCV: Mean cell volume; MCH: Mean cell haemoglobin; MCHC: Mean cell haemoglobin concentration; SALP: Serum alkaline phosphatase; SGPT: Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase; SGOT: Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Safe Combination of Cisplatinand Metformin Reverts theMalignant Ascites in a MouseModel to a Solid Tumor byDownregulation of ÎNp63 andInduces Tumor Dormancy via mTOR/ p21 Mechanism

Currently, combination therapy has become the cornerstone of cancer treatment. The combination of different anti-cancer mechanisms can induce tumor cell quiescence. However, toxicity to normal tissue is the major limitation of existing combined drugs. In this study, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) inoculated into mice was targeted with just one dose of cisplatin and later doses of metformin, a safe anti-diabetic drug with an anti-cancer effect, to maintain EAC cells in the quiescent state and secure a longer survival time without tumor recurrence. The group that underwent dual therapy had developed a delayed solid tumor instead of a malignant ascites. Induction of chemo-quiescence in the EAC cells was proven by downregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and upregulation of cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21) expressions. Intriguingly, the conversion of free neoplastic cells into a solid tumor was associated with a significant decrease in ΔNp63 immunostaining in EAC cells. Taken together, a single dose of cisplatin followed by metformin doses could overcome the aggressiveness of malignant ascites by the conversion into a solid tumor, induction of chemo-quiescence and extension of survival time

Anticancer activity and antioxidant potential of Crocus Sativus .L( saffron ) aqueous extract against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma cells in Swiss albino mice.

Cancer is considered one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many chemopreventive agents have been associated with antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells because of their high antioxidant activity. The current study was aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Saffron aqueous extract and its active components against Ehrlich Ascites tumor (EAC). A total of 120 female mice were randomly divided into eight groups. The antitumor effect was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, tumor cell count , survival time and increase in life span of EAC bearing mice. The effect of Crocus Sativus .L ( saffron ) aqueous extract , Crocin and Safranal on different parameters (liver enzymes , kidney function , cardiac markers and antioxidant parameters). These results indicated that Saffron , Crocin and Safranal is a promising protective agents against EAC cells. . Crocus Sativus L ( saffron ) aqueous extract (100mg/kg), Crocin(10 mg/kg) and Safranal(1/10 LD50) (0.188 ml/kg) showed significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) in the volume of the EAC and in the count of EAC cells and increase the life span of EAC bearing mice. Also, showed significantly increased in antioxidant levels, decreased the lipid peroxidation( oxidative stress) as compared to positive control group . We found that The treatment of Crocus Sativus . L ( saffron ) aqueous extract , Crocin and Safranal significantly reduced the liver enzymes, cardiac markers and reduced elevated levels of Urea, Uric acid and Creatinine in positive control as compared with negative control and also increase the level of albumin as compared with positive control group . our data was confirmed by histopathological examination.

Antiproliferative Activity and Apoptotic Efficiency of Syzygium cumini Bark Methanolic Extract against EAC Cells In Vivo.

Syzygium cumini is one of the evidence-based traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of various ailments. Herein, the antioxidant property and anticancer property of Syzygium cumini against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells were examined to find effective chemotherapeutics. In vitro assays, and phytochemical and chromatographic analyses were used to determine antioxidant properties and chemical constituents of Syzygium cummini Bark Methanolic Extract (SCBME). Functional assays were used to measure the anticancer activity of SCBME. Fluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR were used to examine morphological and molecular changes of EAC cells followed by SCBME treatment. Phytochemical and GC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activities. Accordingly, we have noted a strong antioxidant activity of SCBME with an IC50 value of ~10μg/ml. Importantly, SCBME exerted a dose-dependent anticancer activity with significant inhibition of EAC cell growth (71.08±3.53%; p<0.001), reduction of tumor burden (69.50%; p<0.01) and increase of life span (73.13%; p<0.001) of EAC-bearing mice at 75mg/kg/day. Besides, SCBME restored the blood toxicity towards normal in EAC-bearing mice (p<0.05). SCBME treated EAC cells showed apoptotic features under a fluorescence microscope and fragmented DNA in DNA laddering assay. Moreover, up-regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 and pro-apoptotic Bax and down-regulation of NF-κB and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 genes implied induction of apoptosis followed by SCBME treatment. The antiproliferative activity of SCBME against EAC cells is likely due to apoptosis, mediated by regulation of p53 and NF-κB signaling. Thus, SCBME can be considered as a useful resource in cancer chemotherapy.

Anti-cancer activity of two novel heterocyclic compounds through modulation of VEGFR and miR-122 in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

Metastasis in breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality among women in many countries. This study investigated the anti-cancer role of benzoimidazoquinazoline and benzimidazotriazin; two novel compounds that were designed, synthesized, structurally elucidated, and biologically evaluated as potent anti-angiogenic agents that act through inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2). Breast cancer was induced by inoculation of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells. Seventy swiss albino mice were randomly divided into 7 groups, 10 animals each: (1) normal, (2) control EAC group, (3) cisplatin treated group, (4&5) benzoimidazoquinazoline treated (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg), (6&7) benzimidazotriazin treated (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg). The expression of miR-122 was assessed in the tumor tissue by quantitative PCR, and the VEGF level was determined in serum by ELISA. VEGFR2 and cluster of differentiation (CD)34 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Serum ALT, AST, creatinine, and urea were measured. Treatment with benzoimidazoquinazoline and benzimidazotriazin decreased tumor weight and serum levels of VEGF, and down-regulated expression of VEGFR2 and CD34 in the tumor tissue. miR-122 was upregulated, particularly in the benzimidazotriazin (10 mg/kg) group. Relative to cisplatin, the novel compounds were less toxic to kidneys. Benzoimidazoquinazoline and benzimidazotriazin are promising anti-cancer agents that act through inhibition of angiogenesis and thus provide a new strategy for advancement of chemotherapy.

Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Satureja montana Supercritical and Spray-Dried Extracts on Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice.

Satureja montana herbal species belongs to aromatic medicinal plants with a significant place in traditional medicine. However, products produced with conventional procedures do not meet the requirements of the modern market which include environmentally-safe processes that provide quality, safe, and standardized products. In this study, the antiproliferative activity of S. montana extracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide and solid–liquid extraction followed by spray drying was investigated using the in vivo model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice. The impact of two concentrations of extracts on the growth of tumor and the redox status of malignant cells was monitored. It was determined that the extracts induced oxidative stress in the malignant cells which was confirmed by the changes in activity of biochemical indicators of oxidative stress. The posttreatment was not an efficient approach, while the extracts applied as pretreatment and treatment resulted in an increase in the xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity, a decrease in catalase (CAT) activity, and an increase in the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPx). Furthermore, a decrease in the values of reduced glutathione (GSH) and an increase in glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in EAC cells were recorded.

Biogenic silver nanoparticles induce apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

Introduction: Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is accounted as an ecofriendly process. The present study was conducted to estimate the potency of biogenic AgNPs against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in vitro and EAC-bearing mice in vivo.&#x0D; Methods: AgNPs were prepared using mango leaves extract and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 1 x 106 EAC cells. Biogenic AgNPs- alone or combined with Doxorubicin (DOX)- was administered intraperitoneally day by day for two weeks.&#x0D; Results: Biologically synthesized AgNPs showed a cytotoxic effect against cultured EAC cells but with less toxicity toward normal cells compared to DOX, which had strong cytotoxicity against both cells. Biogenic AgNPs alone or combined with DOX triggered the cytotoxicity against the EAC-bearing mouse model via decreasing body weight, tumor volume, and the number of viable tumor cells. The combined treatment (AgNPs-DOX) ameliorated the drastic effect induced by injection of EAC cells through improving liver and kidney functions compared to those treated with DOX alone. In addition, the combined treatment showed an elevation in the expression of Bax and caspase-3, and a reduction in the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the EAC cells. Furthermore, this combined treatment effectively arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, the combined treatment with AgNPs-DOX caused a significant reduction in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC).&#x0D; Conclusion: These findings suggest that biogenic AgNPs could be useful in developing a potent combination therapy against different types of cancers.

Biogenic silver/silver chloride nanoparticles inhibit human glioblastoma stem cells growth in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell growth in vivo.

The importance of biogenic silver/silver chloride nanoparticles has become increasing day by day. In the present study, silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl‐NPs) were synthesized from Kaempferia rotunda tuberous rhizome extract to evaluate the antiproliferative activity against human glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in vivo in mice. Synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by colour change and UV‐visible spectrum and characterized by TEM, XRD, TGA, AFM and FTIR. K rotunda and recently synthesized Zizyphus mauritiana fruit extract‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs inhibited 77.2% and 71% of GSCs growth at 32 µg/mL concentration with the IC50 values of 6.8 and 10.4 µg/mL, respectively. Cell morphological studies and caspase‐3 immunofluorescence assay revealed that both biogenic nanoparticles induced apoptosis in GSCs. Expression levels of several genes were checked by real‐time PCR after treatment with K rotunda tuberous rhizome‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs. PARP, EGFR, NOTCH2 and STAT3 gene expression were decreased with the increase of NFκB, TLR9, IL1, TNFα, IKK and p21 gene that would be the cause of induction of apoptosis in GSCs. The cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase was confirmed by flow cytometric assay. Both nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally to rapidly growing EAC cells for 5 consecutive days. Approximately, 32.3% and 55% EAC cells growth were inhibited by K rotunda tuberous rhizome‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs at 6 and 12 mg/kg/day doses, respectively while only 20% cell growth inhibition was monitored at 12 mg/kg/day dose of Z mauritiana ‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs. From the above results, it can be concluded that presently synthesized nanoparticles would be a potent anticancer agent.

Antitumor activity of Albizia lebbeck L. against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo and HeLa and A549 cell lines in vitro.

The aim of the present study was to explore the antitumor activity of the ethanolic extract of Albizia lebbeck L. pods against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice and its cytotoxic effect against HeLa and A549 cell lines in vitro. Antitumor activity of ethanolic extract of A. lebbeck L. (ALEE) pods was evaluated in Swiss albino mice against EAC cell lines at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight which were given by intraperitoneal route of administration and was compared with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the reference standard. The extract and 5-FU were administered for 14 consecutive days. After 24 h of the last dose and 18 h of fasting, the mice were sacrificed and the antitumor effect of ALEE was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, increase in life span, and hematological parameters of EAC-bearing hosts.In vitro cytotoxicity has been assessed using (2,3-bis[2-Methoxy-4-nitro-5sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt assay method and was compared with cisplatin, the reference standard. ALEE showed direct cytotoxicity on EAC cells in a dose-dependent manner. ALEE exhibited a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the body weight, tumor volume, viable cell count, tumor weight, and elevated the life span of EAC tumor-bearing mice. Hematological profile such as red blood cell, hemoglobin, white blood cell, and platelet count was reverted to the normal level in ALEE-treated mice. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of A. lebbeck L. has a powerful antitumor activity because it was effective in significantly inhibiting the tumor growth in both in vivo and in vitro cancer cell lines.

Synthesis of bis[benzyl‐N′‐hydrazinecarbodithioato‐κ2N′,S]nickel(II) complex as a novel lead molecule for cancer treatment

A novel bis[benzyl‐N′‐hydrazinecarbodithioato‐κ2 N′,S]nickel(II) complex was synthesized and characterized by means of various physical, chemical, and spectroscopic techniques. The X‐ray single crystal diffraction analysis indicated two independent close comparable bis‐chelated square planar complexes of trans‐configuration, where S‐benzyl dithiocarbazate (SBDTC) ligand is coordinated via N,S‐donor set. The complex is able to inhibit Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell proliferation by 51.81% and 75.75%, with 0.3 and 50 mg kg−1 (dose adjusted) dose, respectively, administered intraperitoneally for five successive days in mice model. Apoptotic cell morphological changes were examined using optical and fluorescence microscopy techniques. Expression pattern of apoptosis regulatory genes in EAC cells treated with the synthesized nickel(II) complex for five consecutive days showed an increased expression of P53, Bax, Cas‐8, Cas‐9, Cas‐3, Cyt‐c, and TNF‐α proapoptotic genes and decreased expression of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 gene. The Ni(II) complex and Bleomycin (standard drug) were used in molecular docking coupled with molecular dynamics simulation studies with the aim to support the experimental results and to investigate the apoptotic effect towards the targeting apoptotic genes. Both experimental and computational studies reveal that the nickel(II) complex inhibits EAC cells growth successfully, suggesting a potential compound for cancer treatment.

Synthesis of Ag/Cu and Cu/Zn bimetallic nanoparticles using toddy palm: Investigations of their antitumor, antioxidant and antibacterial activities

Abstract In the current study, green synthesis of bimetallic Ag/Cu and Cu/Zn bimetallic nanoparticles were carried out using toddy and were characterized. The formed Ag/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles were brown in colour while the formed Cu/Zn nanoparticles were green. Simultaneous synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles in a single pot was investigated using toddy and the formed nanoparticles were evaluated for their antitumor and antibacterial activities. The nanoparticles were investigated for their antibacterial activity against Alcaligenes faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium perfringens while the antitumor activity was done against Nasopharyngeal cancer (KB) cells and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines. This is the first report on the green synthesis of these bimetallic nanoparticles using Toddy palm. The significance of the results in the light of existing literature is discussed in the present study.