eHealth Information Research Articles

Factors Affecting eHealth Literacy of Early Adolescents: School-based Research

ABSTRACT The purpose of the research were to describe eHealth literacy and identify factors affecting the eHealth literacy of early adolescents. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted in a government secondary school in the west of Turkey. The research sample consisted of 1347 adolescents in the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades in the academic year 2016–2017. An adolescents’ description form and the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) were used to collect the data. The mean score on eHEALS was 23.81 ± 6.94. Multiple regression analysis showed that being in the 11–12 year age group (β = 0.528, p < 0.001), having a father with a high school or university level education (β = 0.055, p = 0.038), and carrying out research in the internet on health related topics (β = 0.118, p < 0.001) were determinant at 32% (F = 56.901, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.32) on the adolescents’ eHealth literacy. The mean eHEALS score in the study demonstrated that the e-health literacy of the adolescents was rather low and inadequate, and that there were gaps in the adolescents’ knowledge and skills about how and where to find quality eHealth information. Nurses are expected to provide eHealth literacy training that will help to find information on the internet and interpret and assess it, and this will develop eHealth literacy of adolescents. Integrating online health information sources into the school health education curriculum in line with developed strategies can be suggested because it is an attempt to improve the eHealth literacy of adolescents.

PERSPECTIVES OF E-HEALTH FOREIGN ACHIEVEMENTS INTRODUCING IN GEORGIA

The article discusses current issues in e-Health and Health Information Technology (IT), which aims to provide access to patient health information at the right time and place, thereby ensuring the continuity and quality of medical services to improve health outcomes. The paper identifies the interrelationships and relevance of the economic aspects of medical treatment, where the introduction of information technology highlights the importance of quality management in medical treatment, as well as new ways of providing e-health services that facilitate collaboration between different health care institutions The new forms based on electronic medical record (EMR), which play an important role in gathering information from different healthcare providers, provide a single, unique record for each person that will be available through the Electronic Health Record System (EHR). Key words: e-Health (Digital Healthcare, TeleHealth), COVID-19 pandemic, Electronic Health Record (EHR), Electronic Medical Record (EMR), Health Information Systems (HIS).

Health literacy among older adults in Switzerland: cross-sectional evidence from a nationally representative population-based observational study.

Despite being widely regarded as a major cause of health inequalities, little is known regarding health literacy and its association with certain personal characteristics among older adults in Switzerland. To fill this gap, this study assesses health literacy and its associations with individuals' social, regional, and health characteristics in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 58 years and older in Switzerland. We use data of 1,625 respondents from a paper-and-pencil self-completion questionnaire (cooperation rate: 94.3%) that was administered as part of wave 8 (2019/2020) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in Switzerland. Health literacy is measured using the short version of the European Health Literacy Survey questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16). The scale includes 16 items whose dichotomised responses allow the construction of different indices and sub-indices aimed at measuring various aspects of health literacy. We use multivariable regressions to explore how respondents' sociodemographic characteristics are independently associated with health literacy. Overall, 6.8% of the respondents had inadequate health literacy, 24.6% problematic health literacy, and 68.6% sufficient health literacy. There were significant associations between health literacy and individuals' gender, education, economic situation, and self-rated health. Women had higher levels of health literacy than men (p <0.001). Moreover, a higher education level (p <0.001), fewer financial difficulties (p<0.01), and higher self-rated health (p <0.001) were positively correlated with adequate/higher levels of health literacy. One-third of older citizens have difficulties managing health-related issues in Switzerland. Individuals with low education, financial difficulties, and bad self-rated health are particularly at risk of being disadvantaged due to their inadequate health literacy level. These findings call for targeted interventions, such as using simplified health or eHealth information tools, improved patient-provider communication and shared decision-making, promoting lifelong learnings activities and health literacy screening for older patients to increase low health literacy and mitigate its consequences, thereby alleviating remaining social health inequalities in the Swiss population.

Online oral health information seeking experience and knowledge, attitudes and practices of oral health among iranian medical students: an online survey

BackgroundThe internet is increasingly used as a source of health information. This study aimed to explore the online oral health information seeking experience, to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of oral health, and to investigate the associations between online oral health information seeking experience and oral health KAP of participants.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Three hundred and ninety-five university students participated in the study. Required data were gathered using two valid questionnaires eHIQ (e-Health Information Questionnaire) and Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Questionnaire. eHIQ was a 2-part instrument with 37 items. eHIQ-Part 1 includes 11 items related to general views of using the internet in relation to health. eHIQ-Part 2 includes 26 items related to the consequences of using specific health-related online sources. The second questionnaire includes 30 items as a combination of multiple-choice and yes/no type questions. The data were analyzed using the statistical analysis software SPSS version 20. Mean scores, standard deviation, and frequency distribution were obtained. Independent T-test, correlation coefficients and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in the analysis.ResultsParticipants had good KAP of oral health. The between-group differences tests showed that oral health knowledge and attitudes were significantly different between gender and years of study groups, but the differences of oral health practices were significant only based on years of study. Participants had moderate scores regarding all sub-scales of eHIQ-Parts 1 and 2. Findings revealed that online oral health information seeking behavior was associated with oral health KAP (p < 0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results the general views of using the internet in relation to health and the consequences of using specific health-related online sources were in a moderate level among the participants. Such results can emphasize the need for more planning, education and empowerment of the population`s health literacy. The present study also provides good insights for the latter and has practical and policy implications besides its research values.

Social Media Use, eHealth Literacy, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward COVID-19 Vaccination Among Chinese College Students in the Phase of Regular Epidemic Prevention and Control: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

BackgroundCollege students are at a high risk of being infected with COVID-19, and they are one of the key population clusters that should be vaccinated. The present study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward COVID-19 vaccination among Chinese college students, and to determine the relationships among social media use, eHealth literacy, and KAP toward COVID-19 vaccination among Chinese college students.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted by administering questionnaires to evaluate KAP toward COVID-19 vaccination, social media use, and eHealth literacy in one of the groups of Chinese college students. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association among social media use, eHealth literacy, and KAP regarding COVID-19 vaccination.ResultsAmong the 3,785 validated questionnaires collected from Chinese college students, male students accounted for 59.74%, and the mean age of the college students was (20.90 ± 3.14) years. More than four-fifths (83.43%) of the college students spent <2 h a week on social media, and the official and public social media were most common social media types. Additionally, the scores for KAP toward COVID-19 vaccination ranging from 0 to 48 among college students were high (39.73 ± 5.58), lowest for knowledge domain (3.07 ± 0.76), and the highest for practice domain (3.47 ± 0.63). Female college students who were in good health status and who spent more time browsing social media, frequently used official and public social media, rarely used aggregated social media, and had a relatively strong self-perception of eHealth literacy and information acquisition of eHealth literacy were more likely to have high levels of KAP regarding COVID-19 vaccination.ConclusionsOverall, Chinese college students have excellent KAP toward COVID-19 vaccination. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that health counseling regarding COVID-19 vaccination should target male students and those with inferior health status. Dissemination of health education regarding COVID-19 vaccination should be purposely conducted, and cooperation with official and public social media platforms should be promoted. Finally, eHealth literacy, which is one of the predictors of the level of KAP regarding COVID-19 vaccination, should be emphasized.

E-health information as a support of health information technology systems – patients attitudes

The use of e-health information is becoming a common practice among patients, and the decision to browse the Internet is related to attitudes towards online health information. How these attitudes are shaped depends on the impact of many variables. This author aims to verify a model describing the process of forming attitudes towards using the Internet as a source of health information. The acquisition of knowledge is significant and important support in health information technology from the viewpoint of the patient as well as the health care system.The results of primary research in the form of a face-to-face survey carried out with 300 patients show that health awareness, perceived health risk, Internet health information use efficacy, ease of use and usefulness and credibility of the Internet as a source of health information significantly shape patients' attitudes towards using e-health information. Confirmed motivations and attitudes of patients raise the level of awareness in the area of behaviour of system participants and the belief that the implementation of actions improving e-health competences of the population is a significant step towards better functioning decision support of health care systems.

A bibliometric analysis on global eHealth.

BackgroundThe current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic highlights the potential of eHealth. Drawing the knowledge map of eHealth research through data mining and visual analysis technology was helpful to systematically present the research status and future trends of global academic circles.MethodsBased on the web of Science Core Collection (SCIE/SSCI) database, using bibliometric theory and visual analysis technology, this work analyzed the global eHealth research publications from 2000 to 2021, and introduced the interdisciplinary characteristics, hot topics and future trends in this field.ResultsA total of 10188 authors, 891 journals, 3586 institutions, 98 countries using 12 languages had conducted eHealth research in the world. The United States, the Netherlands, Australia and the United Kingdom were the main forces and international cooperation. However, the international co-operation between Eastern and Western countries was still relatively few. The frontier of global eHealth research mainly focused on #0eHealth innovation, #1physical activity, #2generalised anxiety disorder, #3lightweight authentication protocol, #4 eHealth information, #5technology readiness, #6 ehealth literacy scale, #7family carer, #8citance analysis, #9 guiding patient. Clusters #3 lightweight authentication protocol and #9 guiding patient were the latest clusters, indicating the research trend and direction of eHealth in the future.ConclusionsCooperation network framework at the regional, national and global levels and the cooperation of multidisciplinary teams with complementary backgrounds and expertise were needed to realize the in-depth popularization and application of eHealth knowledge. Interdisciplinary international cooperation should be the trend of eHealth research in the future.

Assessing Electronic Health Service of Bangladesh Government during COVID 19: A Cross-Sectional Mixed Method Survey

The influx of COVID 19 has exposed the vulnerability of the health sector in both developing and developed countries. So, it has been crucial to assess the e-health service of the Bangladesh government during COVID 19. A cross-sectional mixed method survey was conducted where 150 participants took part in a closed-ended questionnaire survey and 10 participants were involved in a semi-structured interview. Participants are selected from urban (72%) and rural (28%) areas purposively who availed of e-health services during COVID 19. The study used SPSS version 25 to analyze quantitative data using descriptive statistics, frequency, mean, standard deviation, and variance. The result of the study exposed that the existing status of electronic health services in Bangladesh is not satisfactory yet. Most of the people (91.3%) accessed online vaccine registration services only. Due to the lack of information, participants are not availing rest of the e-health services of the government like telemedicine, COVID test report download, live corona test, and use of corona tracer app/ surokkha app. As a result, only 5.76% of participants are highly satisfied with the government e-health service during the pandemic. 56.88% responded that government had high-level challenges to promote electronic health services during COVID 19. The major challenges are lack of available e-health service information, awareness raising, and low level of internet speed. So, the study recommends bridging the digital divide between urban &amp; rural areas along with ensuing more IT facilities in government health services.

Advances on networked ehealth information access and sharing: Status, challenges and prospects

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is no longer a futuristic technology and has become a day-to-day reality with the increasing ease of availing modern internet services. IoMT services interconnect numerous healthcare ecosystem stakeholders, such as doctors, patients, pharmacists, etc., seamlessly under the light of Advanced Internet Communication Tools (AICT). Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a primary constituent of any IoMT device, offering a data acquisition environment through various bio-sensors deployed in edge devices. The data generated through such edge devices should be stored securely in Electronic Health Server (EHS) for further analysis and knowledge inference by medical professionals. Thus designing access control techniques that prevent unauthorised access at the cloud and device level is crucial. Interoperability concern in the IoMT development cycle is becoming a focus of interest for many researchers because most devices and underlying protocols are highly heterogeneous. Lack of worldwide acceptable protocol standards is another major issue in dealing with platform interoperability. In this study, the authors describe the various existing device and data access control strategies such as RBAC (Role Based Access Controlling), CaPBAC (Capability-Based Access Controlling), and ABAC (Attribute-Based Access Controlling), etc. This article majorly surveys the literature from 2000 to 2020 on various access controlling and Interoperability aspects as they are potential players of modern IoT applications. The study also comprehensively discusses the state-of-the-art strategies that provide platform interoperability followed by crucial implementation challenges. CCS CONCEPTS • General and reference→Surveys and overview;• Access Control→Access control strategies; • Interoperability→ patterns

New goal-oriented requirements extraction framework for e-health services: a case study of diagnostic testing during the COVID-19 outbreak

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce the goal-oriented requirements extraction approach (GOREA). It is an elicitation approach that uses, specifically, healthcare business goals to derive the requirements of e-health system to be developed.Design/methodology/approachGOREA consists of two major phases: (1) modelling e-health business requirements phase and (2) modelling e-health information technology (IT) and systems requirements phase. The modelling e-health business requirements phase is divided into two main stages: (1) model e-health business strategy stage and (2) model e-health business environment stage. The modelling e-health IT and systems requirements phase illustrates the process of obtaining requirements of e-health system from the organizational goals that are determined in the previous phase. It consists of four main steps that deal with business goals of e-health system: (1) modelling e-health business process (BP) step; (2) modelling e-health business goals step; (3) analysing e-health business goals step; and (4) eliciting e-health system requirements step. A case study based on the basic operations and services in hospital emergency unit for checking patient against COVID-19 virus and taking its diagnostic testing has been set and used to examine the validity of the proposed approach by achieving the conformance of the developed system to the business goals.FindingsThe results indicate that (1) the proposed GOREA has a positive influence on the system implementation according to e-health business expectations; and (2) it can successfully fulfil the need of e-health business in order to save the citizens life by checking them against COVID-19 virus.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed approach has some limitations. For example, it is only validated using one e-health business goal and thus it has to be authenticated with different e-health business goals in order to address different e-health problems.Originality/valueMany e-health projects and innovations are not established based on robust system requirements engineering phase. In order to ensure the success delivery of e-health services, all characteristics of e-health systems and applications must be understood in terms of technological perspectives as well as the all system requirements.

Factors influencing millennials' online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic

PurposeDuring Covid-19 pandemic, Millennials, which are familiar with the Internet, may contribute in facing the pandemic by consistently sharing healthy food information. Thus, it is important to improve Millennials online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research aims to examine the simultaneous effects of e-health literacy, knowledge of the digital health communication media (DHCM) use, facilitating conditions, information quality and source credibility on Millennials' online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachA survey was performed to collect the data. The respondents of the survey are 205 DHCM millennial users who lived in Tangerang Regency and Tangerang City, Indonesia. This research performed a multiple regression analysis to test the conceptual model and proposed hypotheses.FindingsMillennials' online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic was significantly affected by perceived threat of Covid-19, knowledge of the DHCM use and the facilitating conditions. However, it was not significantly affected by e-health literacy, information quality and source credibility.Research limitations/implicationsThis research employed a purposive sampling technique. This research also was conducted only in Tangerang Regency and Tangerang City, Indonesia. In order to test the stability of the research findings, future research should be conducted in other contexts.Practical implicationsIn order to improve Millennials' online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic, it was essential to educate Millennials on the importance of healthy food consumption during the Covid-19 pandemic and their relationships. It is also important to enrich Millennials' knowledge of reliable and trustworthy online health information sources, such as the DHCM, and the search method. Furthermore, the facilitating conditions of online healthy food information-sharing behaviour should be improved.Originality/valueIt is well known that online healthy food information-sharing behaviour is important during Covid-19 pandemic. However, there is lack of study that specifically focused on Millennials' online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper is the first that develops and tests a model of Millennials' online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic. The model can be used to understand the behaviour and develop intervention strategy.

Patient and healthcare professional eHealth literacy and needs for systemic sclerosis support: a mixed methods study

ObjectivesWe engaged patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and healthcare professionals to assess electronic health (eHealth) literacy and needs relating to web-based support using internet-based information and communication technologies (ICT).MethodsWe employed...

The Increasing Importance of the e-Health System after the COVID-19 Outbreak with New Healthcare Expectations

Aim: The health system is undergoing a rapid transformation with the constantly developing world. The Covid-19 pandemic that threatens humanity seems to change the health system as in every field. The study aimed to determine the use of the e-Health system before and after the pandemic and how health services have changed after the pandemic. Methods: The study was designed with a mixed method that includes analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data of the study were collected with the help of a questionnaire before the pandemic. Qualitative data acquisition and analysis were carried out after the pandemic. Results: According to the results of the study, the rate of participants who did not use the e-Health system before the pandemic was 73.5% (n=155). When asked about the reasons for not using the e-Health system; 43.2% of the participants (n=67) stated that they did not need it, 28.4% (n=44) were not aware of the system and 28.4% (n=44) stated that they did not know how to use the system. According to the qualitative data results, five main themes were obtained after the Covid -19 outbreak. The themes were; getting health information and guidance remotely during the pandemic is the best alternative, creating a sense of trust, compliance with the new situation, expectations from the health system in the new period, and expectations for guidance in accessing e-health information. Conclusion: The most important result of this study, the increase in the use of distance health and e-health, seems to be the framework of the new health service. When the results are read in this context, it can be predicted that a large share of the investments in the field of health will be shifted to digital health systems. Keywords: e-Health, digital health, COVID-19, expectations, pandemics

Factors influencing health anxiety: the stimulus–organism–response model perspective

PurposeWith the popularity of the internet, access to health-related information has become more convenient. However, the easy acquisition of e-health information could lead to unfavorable consequences, such as health anxiety. The purpose of this paper is to explore a set of important influencing factors that lead to health anxiety.Design/methodology/approachBased on the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) framework, we propose a theoretical model of health anxiety, with metacognitive beliefs and catastrophic misinterpretation as the mediators between stimulus factors and health anxiety. Using 218 self-reported data points, the authors empirically examine the research model and hypotheses.FindingsThe study results show that anxiety sensitivity positively affects metacognitive beliefs. The severity of physical symptoms has a significant positive impact on catastrophic misinterpretation. Metacognitive beliefs and catastrophic misinterpretation have significant positive impacts on health anxiety.Originality/valueBased on the S-O-R model, this paper develops a comprehensive model to explain health anxiety and verifies the model using firsthand data.

Patient-centred e-health supports value cocreation and quality of medical care in Taiwan.

Patient-centred e-health (PCEH) focusses on the interaction between patients and physicians. However, only a limited number of studies have focussed on the design of physician-patient value cocreation mechanisms in the PCEH context. Thus, we extend Grönroos' concept of value cocreation to understand how PCEH might improve the quality of care. This study proposes a theoretical framework to embody PCEH-supported value cocreation and presents some empirical validation. We expect that PCEH-supported value cocreation should comprise capabilities for patient empowerment, intention for information sharing, complementation for checking and verifying information, and interaction for shared understanding. This study surveyed a small group of patients that have used PCEH, 'My Health Bank' in Taiwan. The questionnaires were delivered to patients in hospitals (n=167 questionnaires, 98% response rate). Results indicate that certain PCEH-supported value cocreation mechanisms-capabilities for patient empowerment and interaction for shared understanding-affect the perceived quality of medical care. The survey only considered patient perceptions of value cocreation. This study shows the patient perception of value cocreation in patient-centred e-Health. Further research needs to validate the framework for health professionals and in other e-Health record information sharing settings.

An automatic feature selection and classification framework for analyzing ultrasound kidney images using dragonfly algorithm and random forest classifier

In medical imaging, the automatic diagnosis of kidney carcinoma has become more difficult because it is not easy to detect by physicians. Pre-processing is the first identification method to enhance image quality, remove noise and unwanted components from the backdrop of the kidneys image. The pre-processing method is essential and significant for the proposed algorithm. The objective of this analysis is to recognize and classify kidney disturbances with an ultrasound scan by providing a number of substantial content description parameters. The ultrasound pictures are prepared to protect the interest pixels before extracting the feature. A series of quantitative features were synthesized of each images, the principal component analysis was conducted for minimizing the number of features to produce set of wavelet-based multi-scale features. Dragonfly algorithm (DFA) was executed in this method. In the proposed work, the design and training of a random decision forest classifier and selected features are implemented. The classification of e-health information using ideal characteristics is used by the RF classifier. The proposed technique is activated in MATLAB/simulink work site and the experimental results show that the peak accuracy of the proposed technique is 95.6% using GWO-FFBN techniques compared to other existing techniques.

Use of Electronic Health (eHealth) Among Saudi Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Its Association With Their Diabetic Self-Management: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent, chronic, non-communicable disease that requires continuous multidisciplinary health care. Electronic health (eHealth) refers to “the transfer of health information resources and health care services using different electronic platforms.” This may have an effect on diabetes self-management (DSM).ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the use of eHealth among patients with T2DM as well as its association with DSM.MethodAn analytical cross-sectional study was conducted online using a newly adapted three-part questionnaire using Google Forms through different social media platforms. A total of 2,228 adult Saudi T2DM patients from different provinces were selected based on the non-probability voluntary response sampling technique. The survey included demographic, clinical, and eHealth data, and diabetic self-care management.ResultsThe study results revealed an average DSM score of 5.2/10, and 74.1% were receiving diabetes care at primary health care centers. Of these, 87.1% used eHealth, mainly through Google (55.7%) and other social media (12.9%), and were satisfied with the quality of health care (70.4%). Moreover, 82% wanted to discuss the eHealth information with their physicians, but some (34.5%) had no online access to them. eHealth dependency was 44.2% and was associated with a lower mean DSM (5.6 vs. 5.3; p = 0.000) with significantly lower health care use (6.7 vs. 5.6; p = 0.000) and glucose management (4.7 vs. 4.0, p=0.000) compared to the independent group. The DSM total score was a significant predictor of eHealth dependency (OR: 1.022; 95% CI: 1.006-1.039; p = 0.007).ConclusionMost Saudi T2DM patients with an average DSM use different eHealth resources and are satisfied with their quality. Dependency to eHealth is significantly associated with lower DSM, especially for health care use and glucose management, a finding that could affect patient outcomes. Still, patients need to communicate with their physicians in person who should have different options for remote consultation, such as telemedicine, to support their patients.

In Internet we trust: intersectionality of distrust and patient non-adherence

ABSTRACT The socio-technological context of health care wherein patient-consumer involvement is central increases the importance of examining the impact of Internet information on health-related attitudes and behavior. This paper examined the extent to which deployment of e-health information is associated with patient distrust and non-adherence. We examined the hypothesized associations in gender-stratified subsamples to uncover whether any differential patterns of associations exist among women and men. Our analyses allowed for estimation of significant covariate effects at the composite index and item level for both men and women while controlling for the moderation effect of race/ethnicity. Results indicate differential outcomes for patient distrust and non-adherence depending on socio-demographic characteristics. Findings suggest that it is not just health-related information that influences health-related behavior, but also mechanisms through which socio-demographic characteristics shape whether Internet use is associated with distrust and patient non-adherence. e-Health information consumers are overall less trustful and more likely to deviate from health care provider treatment. Non-adherence among those who consume e-health information is more pronounced for non-white women. Highly educated non-white men were more likely to diverge from their medical care provider’s treatment recommendations than White men. Given the increasing diversification of the demographic profile of the U.S. population, understanding the dynamics though which health-related Internet use becomes racialized and gendered represents a critical contribution to the literature on Internet and health.

Psychometric comparisons of measures of eHealth literacy using a sample of Korean older adults

This study aimed to compare the psychometric properties of two measures of eHealth literacy, namely, the Korean versions of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (K-DHLI) and eHealth Literacy Scale (K-eHEALS), among older adults in South Korea. Given the usefulness of eHealth information, measures of eHealth literacy have been developed. It is necessary to examine the validity of such tools among older adults who are likely to experience difficulties in using eHealth resources. A validation study was conducted using the secondary data of 180 older adults in South Korea. Two weeks after they had responded to the K-DHLI and K-eHEALS, 89 of them completed the assessments a second time so that the assessments' test-retest reliability could be examined. Using the collected data, their reliability (i.e. internal consistency, test-retest reliability) and validity (i.e. construct validity and criterion validity) were examined. Both tools demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (α≥0.90, item-total correlation coefficients=.39-.76) as well as good test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients .77 and .84, respectively. The 21 items of the K-DHLI loaded onto five factors, which accounted for 71% of the variance. The 10 items of the K-eHEALS loaded onto a single factor, which explained 58% of the total variance. The scores of both tools were strongly correlated (r=.63) and positively related to attitudes towards internet health information and subjective health status (r=.23-.50). The findings suggest that the K-DHLI and K-eHEALS are reliable and valid tools that can be used to assess the utilisation of eHealth resources by older adults. The findings can help healthcare providers choose a suitable measure of eHealth literacy when working with older adults.

An Appraisal of e-Health Information Literacy of Students

An Appraisal of e-Health Information Literacy of Students