Sample Of Egyptian Population Research Articles

Suicidal behaviors among patients with tramadol dependence in a sample of Egyptian population

Background Suicidal behaviors are a major health problem in opioid-dependent patients. Tramadol is one of the most abused substance in Egypt, presenting a public burden and associated with higher morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to look for suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior among patients with tramadol dependence.Patients, methods, and results This study included 120 participants (60 for patient with tramadol dependence and 60 for comparative group). Participants were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I), (SCID-II) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fourth edition; Addiction Severity Index; and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Suicidal ideation was detected in 38.3% of tramadol cases and 13.3% in comparative group (P=0.001). Suicidal behaviors were reported in 26.6% of cases and 6.6% in comparative group (P=0.003).Conclusions Suicide is common in patients with tramadol dependence and is associated with severity of addiction.

The Prevalence and Anatomical Variations of Bifid Mandibular Canal in a Sample of Egyptian Population Using CBCT. A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: Detection of the prevalence of bifid mandibular canal and classification of its types in the Egyptian population. Methodology: Radiographic examination of 329 mandibular sides was done using Planmeca Promax 3D Mid CBCT machine. The scans varied depending on patients’ sizes (according to the manufacturer’s recommendations) using different FOVs with the same voxel size (0.4 mm (400 μm)). The bifid the mandibular canal was observed and classified according to Naitoh`s classification (retromolar, dental, forward, and buccolingual canals). In addition, the prevalence of location of accessory canal types and the mean distance to the alveolar ridge and teeth were reported. Results: In 329 hemimandibles, there were 101 bifid canals (30.7%) and 37 trifid canals (11.2%). The dental canal type was the most common (43.3%), followed by retromolar canal type (33.7%), forward canal type (17.2%), and buccolingual canal type (5.7%). The forward canals and the dental canals had statistically similar mean distances of 11.1 ±2.1 and 11.1±2.5 mm respectively. The accessory canals were at a significantly longer mean distance (12.1±1.6 mm) to the alveolar crest in the premolar area compared to distance in the molar area (10.9 ± 2.3 mm). Retromolar canals showed a significantly longer distance of 13.8± 4.4 mm. Conclusions: Examination of the mandibular canal is mandatory by surgeons to minimize the chance of missing any accessory branches, since its prevalence was more than 40% with 21.3 % presented with bilateral manifestation.

Measurements of mandibular radiomorphometric indices in Egyptian population at different ages using cone beam computed tomography: A cross-sectional study

Aim: This research was conducted to correlate the mandibular radiomophometric indices with age in a sample of Egyptian population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total number of 318 CBCT scans of the Egyptian population were assigned to six age groups (53 per group) in a cross-sectional study using the simple random sampling method. Mandibular radiomophometric indices were assessed for each side and for each age group. Four quantitative indices were measured. The quantitative indices were mental index (MI), panoramic mandibular index superior (PMIS), panoramic mandibular index inferior (PMII), and panoramic mandibular index average (PMIA), which were measured on the CBCT cross-sectional cuts. Post hoc pairwise comparisons between the groups and both sides were done. Association and correlation between the indices and age were done. Results: There was a positive weak correlation between the indices and age. There was a statistically significant difference between panoramic mandibular indices. Conclusions: Age affects the mandibular radiomophometric indices. The mental index and panoramic mandibular indices increase with age.

Copy number variation of the NCF1 gene in patients of acne vulgaris

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 gene copy number variation (CNV) on acne vulgaris in a sample of Egyptian population to explore whether this CNV affects disease occurrence or increases its risk.BackgroundAcne vulgaris is a common skin condition that affects the majority of the population during adolescence. Acne is characterized by a variable combination of comedones, pustules, inflammation, and scarring. Oxidative stress has been considered to play a role in acne. Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1) is a component of NADPH oxidase enzyme, which is responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species from phagocytes. It is reported that increased or decreased copy numbers of NCF1 gene affects many diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.Patients and methodsThis study included 50 patients divided into two groups: 25 acne patients and 25 apparently healthy controls. Both groups were investigated for NCF1 CNV by quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsWe found a statistically significant increased CNV of the NCF1 gene in the acne group compared with the control group (P = 0.028).ConclusionOur study suggests that an increased number of copies of the NCF1 gene may be a predisposing factor for acne vulgaris development. Moreover, decreased NCF1 copy numbers may be protective for acne.

Sex Determination from Sacrum and Coccyx measurements using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Sample of Egyptian Population

Background: Estimation of sex is an important step in identification of unidentified persons. The aim of the current work was to evaluate sacrum and coccyx gender differences using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Egyptian population. Subjects and method: 230 Egyptian subjects (115 males and 115 females) were investigated with MRI over the sacrum and coccyx. MRI images of every person were used to get seven length estimations and two angle dimensions in the sacrum and coccyx. Results: Measured lengths including anterior sacral length (ASL), posterior sacral length (PSL), anterior sacrococcygeal length (ASCL), posterior sacrococcygeal length (PSCL) and antero-posterior diameter of S1 vertebra corpus (APD) were higher in males. But, there was no significant variation in maximum breadth of alae sacralis (MBA), maximum lumbo-sacral curve angle (MLSCA) and lumbo-sacral angle (LSA) between males and females. Univariate discriminant function analysis showed that ASL and PSL recorded 71.9% and 71.5% accuracy rates respectively. Stepwise analysis considered that (ASL and PSL) collectively produced 68.9% correct prediction rate. Conclusion: the results of the current work concluded that the sacrum and coccyx are valuable for identification of sex and could be helpful for sex identification of skeletal remnants in the Egyptian population when utilized with other methods as assessment of readily accessible bones

Orbital and Foramen Magnum Variables for sex determination in Egyptians using computed Tomographic Images

Introduction: Sex determination is one of the principle indicators of identity. The skull is the second best part of the skeleton to be used for sex determination after the pelvis. Sex determination from cranial fragments becomes essential especially when only a part of the skull is brought for identification. Aim: The present study was aimed to demonstrate the sexual dimorphism of the orbit and the foramen magnum (FM) in a sample of Egyptian population in order to increase the number of parameters used for identification, and by consequence, the accuracy when these parameters are combined with each other. Subjects and Methods: The present study was done on 300 cranial CT scans of known gender, 168 males and 132 females, with age ranged from 18 to 65 years, who presented to the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Menoufia University for head computed tomography (CT) as indicated in the course of their management for diagnostic purpose from January to October 2019. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: The results showed that the orbital height, width and index differences between males and females were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Significant difference was also observed in FM transverse diameter, FM anteroposterior diameter and FM area. Tetragonal shape of FM was the most common in both sexes of the study sample. Conclusion: The present study shows that Foramen magnum and orbital variables can be considered along with the other parameters of the skull for sex determination in forensic analysis.

Biometric Cardiac Profile as a Possible Identifier for sex among Sample of Egyptian Population

Biometric Cardiac Profile as a Possible Identifier for sex among Sample of Egyptian Population

Frontal sinus index for sex estimation: Is it possible?

• Frontal sinus index, a ratio of the maximum sinus height and its anteroposterior width, is one of the used morphometric parameters for sex estimation. • Frontal sinus index was assessed on lateral cephalometric and cone beam computed tomography radiographic images in the studied age groups. • Discriminant function and Receiver operator characteristic analysis were used to compare the sex prediction value of the index obtained by both radiographic imaging techniques. • Despite sexual dimorphism could exist, Frontal sinus index has a poor value in sex estimation in the studied sample. This study aimed to evaluate the sex predictive value of the frontal sinus index (FSI) assessed on lateral cephalometric and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in a sample of Egyptian population. 100 digital lateral cephalometric and 100 CBCT images, each consisting of 50 males and 50 females, of known age and sex were retrospectively collected. The patients' images were subdivided into two equal groups according to their age: below 18 years and at or above 18 years. The maximum anteroposterior frontal sinus width (FSW) and height (FSH) were measured by two radiologists on both images then the FSI was calculated. The patients' data including sex, age, FSW, FSH and FSI were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Upon comparing both sexes, cephalometric FSI was found to be statistically significantly different at the below 18 years age group and when using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the index could only act as a poor sex predictor (area under curve: 0.66). For the logistic regression analysis, cephalometric FSW was found to be the only sex predictor at or above 18 years age group in the last step of the stepwise logistic regression. According to this equation, 68% of males and 64% of females were correctly predicted with an overall accuracy of 66%. Despite that sexual dimorphism could exist, frontal sinus index (FSI), whether assessed on CBCT or cephalometric radiographic images, has poor value as a sex predictor in the studied age groups.

Interferon regulatory factor (5) Gene Variants (rs2004640) as Genetic Risk Factor for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus but not Lupus Nephritis in Egyptian adults

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with complex etiology. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with complex etiology. Genetic aberrations disrupting the immune regulatory mechanisms may initiate autoimmune disease development. Recent studies have proved that the interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) gene is an important risk factor for SLE. We aimed to investigate the association of the rs2004640 polymorphism within the IRF5 gene with SLE and lupus Nephritis and SLE activity in a sample of adult Egyptian population. 199 individuals were classified into: group I: included 118 patients who were further subdivided into 57 patients with and 61 patients without lupus nephritis respectively and group II: 81 healthy subjects as controls. Genotyping of the SNP rs2004640 at IRF5 gene was analyzed via allele discrimination assay using Real-Time PCR. TT genotype was the most abundant among SLE patients (p=0.001), but GG genotype was the most abundant in controls (p=0.001) while, genotype frequency showed no significant statistical difference between lupus patients with and without nephritis (p= 0.2, 0.1 respectively). The multivariate analysis of prediction of SLE activity [assessed by systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) scoring] showed that the protein/creatinine ratio (95% CI, 0.001 to 0.002) and anti-dsDNA (95% CI, 0.005 to 0.1) were independent factors of SLE activity (OR=0.001 and 0.008 respectively). IRF5 gene polymorphism (rs2004640) might be candidate risk factor for developing SLE but not risk factor for lupus nephritis or the disease activity in a sample of adult Egyptian population.

Association of TIRAP (rs8177374) and MyD88 (rs6853) genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis and treatment response

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) identify some components of Mycobacterium TB, the main causative agent of tuberculosis. The signaling pathways causing activation of the immune response involve the MyD88 and TIRAP genes. We aimed to investigate the role of MyD88 (rs6853) and TIRAP (rs8177374) gene variants in pulmonary TB susceptibility and treatment response in a sample of Egyptian population. A case-control study followed by follow-up was conducted on 220 participants distributed as 110 newly diagnosed PTB patients, and 110 healthy controls. Patients and controls were subjected to genotyping of TIRAP (rs8177374) and MyD88 (rs6853) using real time PCR technique. Our results revealed that, Bacteriological tests Ziehl Neelsen smear microscopy was positive in 46.4% of patients, GeneXpert was positive in 70.9% of patients, bacterial culture of sputum was positive in 100.0% of patients. As regards rs6853, a significant increase of frequency of the mutant GG genotype and G allele observed among patients with pulmonary TB than controls (P = 0.001) with an increased risk of acquiring TB (OR = 4.88, CI95%: (2.31–10.28) and +3.21, CI95% 2.10–4.91 respectively). Additionally C/T polymorphism (rs8177374) at TIRAP gene showed a significant increase of frequency of the heterozygous mutant CT genotype and T allele in the patients than in the controls and showed higher association with TB (OR = 5.46, CI95%: (2.84–10.52) and 3.39, CI95% 2.22–5.19 respectively). MyD88 (rs6853) GG and TIRAP (rs8177374) CT genotypes showed the highest percentage of non-responders to treatment compared with other genetic variants. CT + GG and TT + GG reported high number of no response to treatment than other combinations. TIRAP rs8177374 CT and MyD88 rs6853 GG genotypes are associated with susceptibility to PTB in a sample of Egyptian population. Simultaneous genotyping of both genes could be considered as a genetic risk factor for PTB and predictor of the patient response to treatment.

RELATION OF LACTOBACILLI ACIDOPHILUS TO OBESITY IN EGYPTIAN POPULATION

Current considerations are existed about the sharing role of gut microbiota in the enhancementof obesity and allied comorbidities. This observational case-control study assessed the possiblerelation of Lactobacilli acidophilus to obesity in a sample of Egyptian population by real-timePCR in stool. The study enrolled 20 healthy slim subjects and 40 subjects who had BMI >25kg/m2. Routine laboratory analysis and identification of stool L. acidophilus by quantitative realtime PCR technique was performed for all enrolled subjects. Lactobacillus acidophilus was expressedin 21/40 (52.5%) fecal samples of obese cases and 16/20 (80%) of fecal samples of nonobeseones. In rest of samples in both groups, the expression was below the detection limit. Theresults showed that the mean lactobacilli CT was expressed in obese cases (38.89±2.57) comparedto (36.08±4.63) in non-obese cases, with high significant difference (P =0.04). Lactobacillusacidophilus was significantly lowered in obese Egyptian patients. The argument aboutsignificance correlation between imbalance in gut microbiota and obesity is one of the hot topicsin medicine.

Correlation between Urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) Levels and Male Reproductive Functions among Sample of Egyptian Population

BPA as a xenoestrogen negatively influences male reproductive functions as well as sperm quality. This study aimed at evaluating the correlation between urinary BPA concentrations and male fertility by assessing semen parameters as well as hormone profile. It included (150) males divided into two groups; infertile cases (n= 100) and fertile controls (n= 50). Results showed highly significant difference in mean urinary BPA concentrations between both groups being higher among infertile group (P-value &lt; 0.001). Besides that, there was statistically significant correlation between the mean urinary BPA concentrations and deterioration of sperm concentration and motility among cases with P-values (&lt; 0.001). Finally, there was statistically significant correlation between mean urinary BPA and hormone levels FSH, LH, T and E2 levels with P-values 0.002, 0.033, 0.001 and &lt; 0.001 respectively.

CBCT Assessment of Pneumatization of the Articular Tubercle and the Roof of the Glenoid Fossa: a retrospective study

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of the pneumatization of the articular tubercle (PAT) and glenoid fossa (PGF) concerning the sex, laterality and locularity in a sample of Egyptian population using CBCT images. Subjects and methods: 210 CBCT scans (74 males and 136 females) were assessed retrospectively by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist. The presence of pneumatization was identified bilaterally on a serial of reformatted sagittal cuts at the articu‌lar tubercle and the roof of the glenoid fossa. Age and sex for all patients were recorded as well as the type and laterality for the pneumatiza‌tion cases. Results: 19.1 % of the scans exhibited PAT and 35.24% exhibited PGF. Of the scans found with PAT, 50% were unilateral (20% on the right and 30% on the left) and 50% were bilateral. Moreover, 15 of the PAT cases were unilocular and 28 were multilocular with 3 cases showing different locularity between sides. For PGF, 41.9% of the PGF cases were unilateral (13.5% on the right and 28.4% on the left) and 58.1% were bilateral. Only 16 of the PGF cases were unilocular, while 61 were multilocular with 3 cases also showing different locularity between sides. There was no significant difference between both sexes regarding the PAT or PGF prevalence, laterality or locularity. Conclusion: In the studied sample, the prevalence of PAT and PGF was 19.1 and 35.24% respectively. The prevalence was not linked to sex or laterality or locularity.

Gender Dimorphism of Canines in a Sample of Egyptian population

Background: Canines are considered an excellent tool to distinguish gender in criminological investigations, since they are the most likely surviving parts of a victim’s body in case of disasters. This study investigated sexual dimorphism by comparing the mesiodistal & labiolingual dimensions of mandibular & maxillary permanent canines and inter-canine dimension in a sample of Egyptian people. Aim: To establish a reliable method for gender discrimination of un-identified adult victims. Materials and Methods: Study casts of 24 males & 24 females were acquired from the Archives of Orthodontics department, of Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt. Canine’s width, thickness and inter-canine dimension (ICD) were recorded, on dental casts by a digital caliper. Results: No significant dissimilarity was found between left and right canines in males or females. Gender dimorphism was greater in upper right canine regarding the mesiodistal dimensions (MD) dimension, and greater in lower right canine regarding labiolingual (LL) dimension. The ICD measurement in both arches was found to be significantly more in males. The maxillary & mandibular canine’s MD were significantly more in males. Also, the maxillary & mandibular canine’s LL dimensions were significantly more in males. Conclusions: Male gender was established to a degree of 95% if the MD dimension of the maxillary canine is more than 8.29 mm and if its LL dimension is more than 8.54mm. while in the lower arch, when the MD of the mandibular canine is more than 7.29 mm and its LL is more than 7.77mm.

The occurrence of periodontal diseases and its correlation with different risk factors among a convenient sample of adult Egyptian population: a cross-sectional study

Background: Even though extensive studies on the prevalence of periodontal diseases in various populations worldwide have been carried out, data for the Egyptian population is limited. The present study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence and the severity of periodontal disease and its correlation with different risk factors. Methods: Periodontal examination was performed on 343 adults attending the outpatient clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, as well as three private clinics. Socio-demographic data, brushing frequency, body mass index (BMI) and dietary habits were recorded using a questionnaire. Results: It was found that 58.9% of participants had calculus deposits. The occurrence of periodontitis was 89.8%, where 70.8% of participants had stage I and 15.2% had stage II, while only 4.4% and 2.05% suffered from stage III and stage IV, respectively. Calculus was positively correlated with age, grains, and sugar in drinks and negatively correlated with socioeconomic status, education level, brushing frequency and milk. Calculus was not correlated with gender and BMI. Periodontitis was positively correlated with age, carbohydrates other than bread, grains, and crackers, as well as caffeinated drinks, while negatively correlated with gender, socioeconomic status, brushing frequency. Periodontitis was not correlated with BMI or education level. Conclusion: The present study clarifies that age, brushing frequency, carbohydrates and caffeinated drinks consumption are significant factors influencing the occurrence and the severity of periodontal diseases.

The occurrence of periodontal diseases and its correlation with different risk factors among a convenient sample of adult Egyptian population: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Even though extensive studies on the prevalence of periodontal diseases in various populations worldwide have been carried out, data for the Egyptian population is limited. The present study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence and the severity of periodontal disease and its correlation with different risk factors. Methods: Periodontal examination was performed on 343 adults attending the outpatient clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, as well as three private clinics. Socio-demographic data, brushing frequency, body mass index (BMI) and dietary habits were recorded using a questionnaire. Results: It was found that 58.9% of participants had calculus deposits. The occurrence of periodontitis was 89.8%, where 70.8% of participants had stage I and 15.2% had stage II, while only 4.4% and 2.05% suffered from stage III and stage IV, respectively. Calculus was positively correlated with age, grains, and sugar in drinks and negatively correlated with socioeconomic status, education level, brushing frequency and milk. Calculus was not correlated with gender and BMI. Periodontitis was positively correlated with age, carbohydrates other than bread, grains, and crackers, as well as caffeinated drinks, while negatively correlated with gender, socioeconomic status, brushing frequency. Periodontitis was not correlated with BMI or education level. Conclusion: The present study clarifies that age, brushing frequency, carbohydrates and caffeinated drinks consumption are significant factors influencing the occurrence and the severity of periodontal diseases.

Association of CYP2J2 Gene Polymorphism with Ischemic Stroke

Abstract Background Stroke is regarded as a severe disorder with high morbidity and high mortality, which is a major healthcare problem and a serious economic burden worldwide. It claims over 6 million deaths each year worldwide. Aim To investigate the association of CYP2J2 gene polymorphism with increased risk of ischemic stroke in a group of Egyptian patients. Subjects and Methods This study was conducted at Clinical Pathology and Stroke Units of Ain Shams University Hospitals, between November 2017 and July 2018. A total number of 30 subjects were included (20 patients and 10 controls). Results Our study concluded that risk of hypertension is higher in heterozygous GT population (100%) compared to the wild type (51.22%), whereas no significant increase in the ischemic stroke risk was observed between wild and heterozygous groups. Conclusion The most frequent genotype among the chosen sample of Egyptian population in the study (acute ischemic stroke patients and controls) was the wild TT genotype although not statistically different than other genotypes.

The potential role of palatal rugae pattern in sex determination among an adult Egyptian population sample

Abstract Background Sex determination is the first step in personal identification in the forensic field. Participants and Methods The study sample included 200 participants of equal number of both sexes in the age group between 20 and 30 years. They were collected from the outpatient clinics of the Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University after taking their informed consent. Maxillary arch impression was taken, with an alginate impression material using a stainless steel impression tray, for subsequent palatal rugae study. Results The mean number of primary palatal rugae was more than the secondary rugae, the wavy rugae were the most predominant type followed by the straight rugae. There was a highly statistically significant difference between males and females with a higher male values regarding the total palatal rugae number, wavy rugae number and primary rugae number while, there was a highly statistically significant difference with higher female values regarding the straight rugae numbers. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between age and primary palatal rugae number. An Egyptian equation was constructed using discriminant function analysis to determine the sex of an unidentified person. Conclusion Palatal rugae pattern study is a useful science for sex determination in the forensic field.

Palatoscopy and odontometrics' potential role in sex determination among an adult Egyptian population sample: A pilot study.

Background: Sex determination is the first step in personal identification in the forensic field. This study aimed to evaluate sexual dimorphism by using palatal rugae pattern and odontometrics, construct an Egyptian equation for sex determination using the discriminant function analysis. Participants and methods: The study sample included 200 participants of both sexes. Maxillary arch impressions were taken with alginate impression material using stainless steel impression tray. Identification and measurements were done to study the palatal rugae pattern, dental arch dimensions, and maxillary canine. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference between males and females with higher male values regarding the total palatal rugae number, wavy rugae number, primary rugae number, arch length, width, maxillary canine right width, maxillary canine left width, intercanine distance, and maxillary canine right index while there was a highly statistically significant difference with higher female value regarding the straight rugae numbers. Four Egyptian equations were constructed using discriminant function analysis to determine the sex of an unidentified person. Conclusions: Palatal rugae pattern, dental arch dimensions, and maxillary canine index can be considered as useful tools for sex determination in the forensic field.

Sex Determination in a Sample of Egyptian Population based on Outer and Medullary Metacarpal Measurements. A Multi-Detector Computed Tomographic Study

Sex Determination in a Sample of Egyptian Population based on Outer and Medullary Metacarpal Measurements. A Multi-Detector Computed Tomographic Study