Egyptian Cotton Varieties Research Articles

A Study of Phenotypic and Genotypic Correlations and Path Analysis of Seed Cotton Yield Components in Egyptian Cotton Varieties (G. barbadense L)

A Study of Phenotypic and Genotypic Correlations and Path Analysis of Seed Cotton Yield Components in Egyptian Cotton Varieties (G. barbadense L)

Tolerance of Egyptian Cotton Varieties (G. barbadense L.) to Late Planting

Tolerance of Egyptian Cotton Varieties (G. barbadense L.) to Late Planting

The Effect of Blends between Some Egyptian cotton Varieties and Introduced Cottons on Technological and Spinning Characters

The Effect of Blends between Some Egyptian cotton Varieties and Introduced Cottons on Technological and Spinning Characters

Evaluation of Breeding Programs Susceptibility for Two Important Forage Crops Using DNA Barcoding

Two Egyptian long staple cotton varieties (Giza 86 and Giza 80) were blended with imported Greek and Russian cottons at 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0 percent of Egyptian cotton component in blend. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of blending, with different percentages, on fiber and yarn properties. The study was set up as split plot design, where the varietal blends were allocated to the main plots and the blending percentages assigned to the subplots. Fiber properties, i.e., fiber length, uniformity and fiber strength values decreased, whereas fiber elongation, mirconaire value and neps count increased, with increasing imported upland cotton percentage in the blend. Differences were also found between Egyptian cotton cultivars where Giza 86 gave higher values for fiber length and strength values, but lower micronaire and neps values compared to Giza 80. Concerning yarn characteristics, most of the studied yarn properties were not affected by varietal blends, blending percentages and their interaction. However, number of neps places were lower for introduced cotton compared to Egyptian cotton. Yarn elongation varied significantly with the percentage of imported cotton in the blend and was highest (5.94) with 50:50% Egyptian to introduced cotton. The correlation between blended fiber properties and yarn characteristics varied according to varietal blend, but, generally, showed negative correlation between single yarn strength and fiber micronaire value (-0.54), and between yarn uniformity and blended fiber elongation (-0.58).

Molecular Characterization of Some Egyptian cotton Varieties

Molecular Characterization of Some Egyptian cotton Varieties

Efficiency of Single and Multiple Traits Selection for Yield and its Components in Varietal Maintenance of Giza 90 Egyptian Cotton Variety

Efficiency of Single and Multiple Traits Selection for Yield and its Components in Varietal Maintenance of Giza 90 Egyptian Cotton Variety

Efficiency of Single Trait Selection for Improving Yield and Earliness in Varietal Maintenance of Giza 90 Egyptian Cotton

The present study was carried out at Shandaweel Res. Sta. Sohag, Cotton Res. Inst., (ARC), during the three summer seasons of 2013 -2015. The basic materials were selfed seeds of 60 single plants selected from the breeding nursery of renewal and maintenance of Giza 90 (the same materials used for producing the nucleolus of G.90). The main objective of this work was to study the possibility of selection elite high yielding plants characterized by the same fiber properties of Giza 90. To attain this goal, single trait selection for lint yield, lint percentage and earliness was applied for two cycles. Average of the ten selected families indicated that selection for LY/P ranked the first and improved LY/P by 20.30% of the check strain followed by selection for days to first flower method (15.82%), and LY/P restricted by DFF (11.54%). Generally, single trait selection is an effective method to improve selection criterion. The observed genetic gain indicated that single trait selection resulted in several superior families significant out yielded the check strain and better in one or more of the three main fiber properties; fineness, strength and Upper Half Mean length. Therefore, the official method of maintaining and renewing Egyptian cotton varieties should be modified to allow selection for yield beside preserving fiber properties.

Efficiency of Single and Multiple Traits Selection for Yield and Its Components in Varietal Maintenance of Giza 90 Egyptian Cotton Variety

Cotton is an important commercial crop of Egypt. The present study was carried out to study the possibility of selection of elite high yielding plants characterized by the same fiber properties of the superior cultivar Giza 90. To attain this goal two cycles of selection for single trait selection for lint yield/plant and 14 selection indices (desired genetic gain index) were achieved. Average observed genetic gain of the ten selected families after two cycles of selection indicated that LY/P ranged from insignificant (16.57%) for index 2 (LY/P and BW) to 21.63% (P ≤0.01) for index 7 (NB/P and NS/B). Index 2 increased BW by 9.27% (p ≤ 0.05) and UHM length by 2.23% (p ≤ 0.01). Index 7 showed significant genetic gain of 20.26, 21.63, 3.16, 5.44 and 2.785 for SCY/P, LY/P, SI, PI, and UHM length, respectively. Index 3 showed significant genetic gain of 19.71, 21.36, 3.61, 7.82, and 2.65% for SCY/P, LY/P, SI, PI and UHM length, respectively. Index 13 gave significant genetic gain 18.46, 20.55 and 5.76% for SCY/P, LY/P and PI, respectively. Single trait selection for LY/P showed significant genetic gain of 19.75, 20.30 and 14.01% for SCY/P, LY/P and NB/P, respectively. The results indicated that selection index was better than single trait selection in detecting the superior families in LY/P. Generally, it could be concluded that the present program for maintenance and renewing Egyptian cotton varieties is a precise and perfect program to preserve the fiber quality, but, not suitable for improving yielding ability. In consequence, this program should be modified to allow the isolation of superior high yielding off types from the breeding nursery characterized by improvement in one or more fiber quality.

The relationship between fiber properties and neps formation in yarn for some Egyptian cotton varieties.

The present study was undertaken in Technology, Division, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center Giza, seven Egyptian cotton varieties, were taken in the study, three extra-long staple varieties (Giza 45, Giza 88 and Giza 93), two delta long- staple varieties (Giza 86 and Giza 94), and two upper Egypt long- staple varieties (Giza 80 and Giza 90), grown in 2014-2015 season. To study the effect of the factor, the relative importance and the contribution of spain length at 2.5% (SL 2.5% mm (X1), spain length at 50% (SL 50% mm (X2), uniformity ratio (UR% (X3), short fiber Content (SFC% (X4), mean length (ML mm (X5), upper half mean length (UHM mm (X6), uniformity index (UI% (X7), spain length at 66.7% (SL 66.7% mm (X8), coefficient of variation length (C.v% (X9), micronaire reading (Mic (X10), fiber strength in gram/Tex (Str. g/tex (X11), fiber elongation (Elon.% (X12), maturity ratio (MR% (X13), and neps formation (neps cnt./g). in cotton yarns. From the path coefficient analysis, it was concluded that Micronaire reading was the most important causative factor inducing neps in cotton yarns. In fact, Micronaire reading exerted influence both directly and indirectly upon neps count. Fiber length showed a moderate effect, while fiber stiffness revealed the lowest effect on yarn neps count compared with the other two factors.

Improvement of Egyptian cotton variety Suvin (Gossypium barbadense L.) for yield and its attributes

ABSTRACT : An attempt has been made to improve the genetic background of variety Suvin with desirable traits of high yield and ginning percentage from the variety Giza; short duration in the sense of early maturity from variey Pima and high fibre strength and length from the variety Sudan, respectively. Promising single plant each was selected from the BC2F1 populations involving the crosses of Suvin x Giza, Suvin x Pima, Suvin x Sudan, (Suvin x Giza) x (Suvin x Pima) and was advanced upto BC2F6 generation. The selected progenies of each cross combination was raised in RBD with three replications during Kharif season of the years from 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 and advanced upto BC2F6 . The data were recorded for the traits seed cotton yield, lint yield, ginning outturn, 100 seed weight, boll weight, 2.5 per cent span length, micronaire and elongation. The cross derivatives of all the eight progenies evaluated during the years 2011-2014 had exhibited increased mean value over control for the traits boll weight (g), seed cotton yield (kg/ha), lint yield (kg/ha) and ginning outturn (in percentage) consistently. However, in regard to quality parameters such as 100 seed weight, 2.5 per cent span length, strength (g/tex), micronaire value and elongation, the lines showed both positive and negative shift of mean value over control. The results indicates that F1s of all the cross combinations required to be backcrossed further with Suvin beyond BC3 and, thereafter, the progenies selected in BC3F1 , needs to be advanced up to BC3F6 for improvement of yield parameters without altering the fibre qualities of Suvin

Study the Biology and Thermal Requirements of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), Infestated Cotton Bolls var Giza 90, Under Natural Conditions.

The Egyptian cotton variety Giza 90 was planted in a wire green house (4 sides and rough of wire 0.1mm mesh) and the recommended agronomic practices were followed during 2013 and 2014 cotton seasons. The cotton bolls 20-25 days of age were tagged and artificially infected with newly hatched larvae of Pink Bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella and followed daily during cotton season as well as during late season. The present results revealed that the PBW ability infestation% (= infestation severity) and infestation % are affected significantly by ambient temperature °C and relative humidity (R.H. %) at the first half hour of infestation at the infestation date. Also, PBW larval instars were photographed inside the cotton bolls samples as well as determination thermal requirements of all PBW stages under the natural conditions In addition, present results recorded the average of head capsule width for the four instars of larvae. It ranged between (0.17±0.002 mm) to (1.30±0.23 mm) for the first and fourth larval instars, respectively. Statistical analysis proved significant negative correlation between temperature and all instars duration (r = - 0.77576, - 0.89575, - 0.99905 and - 0.98433) .In contrary there was significant positive correlation between temperature and rate development of all instars (r = 0.96, 0.94, 0.98 and 0.94) for (the first, second, third and fourth instars, respectively). Also, PBW heat unites requirements for larval instars and total larval stage under natural fluctuated temperature was estimated according to Campbell and Mackaure (1975). The developmental zero (to) for successive instars recorded (15.17&15.12&15.11and 15.5), °C respectively. While it recorded 15.22 °C for the larval stage under field conditions. Furthermore, development rates, durations as well as thermal requirements of larvae, pupae, pre-oviposition, and incubation period under field conditions were evaluated according to (Zalom1983). DD, s values for the respective stages were (149- 153), (238.5-248.7), (44.6-56.7) and (54.6-73). The emergence of adult moths (91%) took place after 22 - 23 days from the egg hatchability, with the sex ratio (1.5♀: 1♂). The pre-oviposition period and the incubation period of eggs on cotton Varity Giza 90 recorded (3 - 4 days) & (4 - 5 days), respectively, during cotton season. General results showed that one generation of PBW recorded 30-31 days with 485-502 DD, s through period from 20th July to 3rd September 2014.

Effect of Spinning Systems on Properties of Dyed Egyptian Cotton Yarns after Mercerization Treatment

The effects that spinning technology and spinning parameters have on the color strength (K/S), strength, and breaking elongation of post dyed and mercerized yarns are investigated in this study. The emphasis of the study is on the selection of long stable Egyptian cotton varieties, namely Giza 80, Giza 86, and extra long stable Giza 92. The cotton samples are spun by using compact, ring, and open end spinning technologies. For the purpose of this study, different yarn counts and twist multipliers are used. The mechanical properties, such as the tensile strength and breaking elongation of the produced yarn are investigated and compared before and after the mercerization treatment (slack and tension), followed by a reactive dyeing process. All of the samples are prepared for dyeing after mercerization. The dyeing performance in terms of the K/S is studied. When the results are examined, it is found that the samples that have undergone (bleaching + slack mercerization + reactive dyeing) generally have higher K/S values than samples that have undergone (bleaching + tension mercerization + reactive dyeing) and (bleaching + non-mercerization + reactive dyeing) respectively. Open-end spun yarns have a higher K/S compared to the compact and ring spun yarns with the lowest count yarn and twist level. The strength percentages are higher for compact, then ring and finally open-end spun yarns respectively with tension mercerization. There is no noticeable difference in the elongation% for all of the treatment processes. The authors have used quality engineering reproducibility and repeatability (R&R) tools to guarantee the repeatability and reproducibility of the results in this research paper.

SMALL UNITE FOR EGYPTIAN COTTON HARVESTER

Cotton picking in Egypt is a major problem, where he still picking by hand it represents a large molecule of the production costs, so The present work is an attempt to design a machine to mechanization the process of Egyptian cotton picking to overcome the conditions of Egyptian agriculture, and the obstacles of physiological of Egyptian cotton varieties and farming methods. Toovercomeall theseobstacles, and was bought to satisfy the need to develop and use new and important agricultural machinery technology. The aim of the present study was to develop, manufactured and quantifies the performance of a self-propelled mechanical cotton harvester. This harvester has main construction advantages., Firstly it is a self-propelled, it can control high , , it can control distance between rows and low damaged steams of plant. The developed cotton harvester was fabricated under the supervision of Agricultural.Engneer.Department, Mansoura University in private local workshops in Dekernes city, El_Dakahlia governorate and field tests at Ashmoon village. The performance effectiveness of the developed cotton harvester. Best results were obtained when using forward speed approaching to 0.36 m/s with a modified form of plant density the efficiency of picking about 70% at the machine performance rate almost 3.5 hours per faddan that when using 4 units for picking 2 rows at same time. Also getting less yield loss when using only two units to harvest a single row. Thus can access the best methods for mechanization the harvesting of Egyptian cotton. In other way can improve harvest efficiency from 70% to 97%, by re-picking three times or more.

Genetic diversity of Turkish commercial cotton varieties revealed by molecular markers and fiber quality traits

To assess the genetic diversity and relationships among commercial Gossypium species released in Turkey between 1964 and 2014, 96 cotton varieties were analyzed using morphological and molecular markers. Morphological analysis was performed based on 4 fiber quality traits including fiber length, strength, fineness, and uniformity, and the mean values of each trait for each genotype were calculated using 2-year data. The results showed that most of the genotypes have long fiber length, very high fiber strength, coarse (45 genotypes) or average (50 genotypes) fiber fineness, and high uniformity. Twenty-six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 14 markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fiber quality traits produced a total of 103 alleles, with an average of 2.57 alleles per locus ranging from 80 bp to 300 bp products, with an average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.233. Markers DPL513 and DPL431 (among 26 SSR markers) and markers CIR246 and BNL4108 (among 14 molecular markers) were found to be very informative, with 0.724, 0.663, 0.749, and 0.583 PIC values, respectively. The combined morphological and molecular data analysis resulted in more than 8 clades using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). The upland cotton varieties were distinctly separated from the lowland cotton variety Maydos Yerlisi (Gossypium herbaceum L.). Within the upland cotton varieties, the Egyptian cotton variety Giza 70 (G. barbadense L.) was distinctly separated from commercial cotton varieties of Turkey (G. hirsutum L.), as revealed by both morphological and molecular dendrograms. Principal component analysis (PCA) derived from combined data was in agreement with UPGMA analysis. It is concluded that commercial Turkish cotton varieties have a good genetic diversity with high fiber quality, considering the upland cotton's narrow genetic structure. These results can provide a useful guide for selecting specific germplasm with distinct genetic backgrounds in cotton breeding programs.

Heterotic Effects in Half-Diallel Crosses of Modern and Obsolete Egyptian Cotton Varieties

Heterotic Effects in Half-Diallel Crosses of Modern and Obsolete Egyptian Cotton Varieties

STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIBER PROPERTIES AND DYE ABILITY FOR COMMERCIAL EGYPTIAN COTTON

The relation between cotton fiber properties and dye-ability has been studied for eight Egyptian cotton varieties representing a wide range of fiber properties grown during four successive seasons. The dye-ability was studied for both mercerized and un-mercerized cotton samples. A relationship was found to exist between dye absorption, chemical activity (accessibility %) and fiber maturity% of the commercial Egyptian cottons. These studies indicate that there is a strong correlation between fiber maturity, accessibility and dye-ability at equilibrium. The results obtained showed that the dye-ability of the mercerized cotton varieties had the highest values than the un-mercerized cottons due to the chemical and physical structure of the fibers. The cotton fibers have a natural porosity consisting of pores and micro capillaries whose accessibility can increase. Mercerized Egyptian cotton fibers are more absorbent and have greater affinity for dyestuff. The results obtained revealed that dye uptake increased gradually in the Egyptian cotton with increasing fiber maturity %.

Expression of S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase gene for polyamine accumulation in Egyptian cotton Giza 88 and Giza 90

Developing drought tolerance in Egyptian cotton varieties is a strategic goal considering the need to expand cotton cultivated area and water scarcity in the Nile valley. In the present study, increasing levels of polyamine accumulation via expressing S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) gene was the main goal. SAMDC cDNA isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate was isolated and genetically engineered into Egyptian cotton varieties Giza 88 as an extra long staple and Giza 90 as a long staple by means of particle bombardment through meristem transformation.T0 transgenic plants were screened using basta herbicide (200 mg/l). RT- PCR analysis was used to confirm gene expression while gene integration was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Control plants from Giza 88 and Giza 90 were subjected to drought regime using different concentrations of PEG 6000 (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17%, and 20%) for 9 hrs to record drought stress symptoms and determine the potential concentration level for inducing polyamine accumulation. 17% of PEG 6000 was considered the sublethal concentration showing drought stress symptoms and therefore was used as potential stress concentration for estimating the level for spermine accumulation in both control and transgenic Giza varieties. T1 transgenic plants grown under induced drought stress regime were tested positive for gene integration and expression and subjected to HPLC analysis to determine levels of spermine as polyamine accumulated compound in response to drought stress regime. Elevated spermine accumulation in Egyptian cotton varieties Giza 88 and Giza 90, were compared as non transgenic plants grown under same induced drought conditions with T1 transgenic plants using reverse-phase HPLC analysis. Elevated spermine accumulation expressing SAMDC gene reflect main cause for increasing drought tolerance in both transgenic varieties.

UTILIZATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS TO STUDY COLOUR DETERIORATION OF THE COTTON GIZA 70 IN THE COMMERCIAL SCALE

Gene frequencies and genotypes frequencies are constant from generation to generation in the absence of migration, mutation and selection in a large random mating population. Although, Egyptian cotton programme depends on elaborate maintenance system but some varieties have shown some changes in their homogeneity or uniformity of some traits such as lint colour, lint quality and seed characters (Naked and Fuzzy). Traditionally, breeder’s seed companies and certification agencies determine genetic purity using physical traits expressed by the seed, seedling and mature plant. Recently, continuing advancements in molecular biology techniques provide even greater promise for enhancing the sensitivity of genetic purity determinations (McDonald, 1998). Very scent studies were conducted to determined genetic changes Abdel-Bary and Bisher (1969) and Lewis (1970) reported that the main causes of genetic changes of a variety were due to mechanical mixing, outcrossing and mutations. El-Kilany and Youssef (1985) found that lint characteristics started to degenerate in the fifth year of the general use of cotton varieties. Al-Didi (1984) suggested that the various degrees of brown colour existed in the Egyptian cotton variety “Giza 70” was probably raised from either the accumulation of some plus modifiers or as a result of segregation of some minor and major genes. El-Okkia et al. (1990) pointed out that the brown lint off type, isolated from the cultivar Giza 70 showed lower lint percent and having shorter, coarser and weaker lint. Tatinei et al. (1996) examined the genetic diversity of 16 near-homozygous elite cotton genotypes derived from interspecific hybridization using RAPD procedure and their morphological characters performances. Iqbal et al. (1997) investigated varieties belonging to G. hirsutum L. and to G. arboretum L., using RAPD analysis. Cluster analysis by unweight pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) showed that seventeen genotypes were placed in two-groups with similarity coefficient ranging from 81% to 93%. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to study the genetic relationships between some off types in the Egyptian cotton variety Giza 70 using some markers i.e. morphological and molecular marker (RAPD).

The Multiplicative Analytic Hierarchy Process (MIAHP) as a Quality Criterion Determining the Technological Value of the Egyptian Cotton Varieties

This study was undertaken to develop a numerical process that can be used as a quality criterion to determine the technological value of the Egyptian cotton varieties, which in turn would denote the end-use of their fibers. However the material used in the study comprised the 6 Egyptian cotton varieties Giza70, Giza80, Giza86, Giza88, Giza90 and Giza92. According to the local practice in Egypt, Giza70, Giza88 and Giza92 belong to the Extra-Long Staple (ELS) category, while Giza80, Giza86 and Giza90 are included under the Long Staple (LS) category. The regression analysis of the relationships between fiber properties and yarn skein strength (lea product) of the 2 carded ring counts 40 and 50 Ne, was employed to drive an equation for calculating the Multiplicative Analytic Hierarchy Process (MIAHP) values. The values of the MIAHP have been used as numerical determinations of the technological values of the Egyptian cotton varieties. Nevertheless, the findings of this study clarified that with respect to the criteria weights, the pair-wise comparisons denoted that fiber length properties of Egyptian cotton ranked first where they revealed the most dominant effect on yarn strength, while tensile properties ranked second with a relative weight close to that of fiber length. On the contrary, the relative weight of fiber fineness (micronaire reading) was found to be marginal. With regard to the relative weight of sub-criterion, the pair-wise comparisons indicated that the role of fiber tenacity as a determinant of yarn strength is much superior to that of fiber elongation. Further the global weights of the sub-criterion of fiber length pointed out that the UHML (upper half mean length) plays an important role in determining yarn strength of the Egyptian cotton comparing with either the UI (uniformity index) or the SFC (short fiber content). In conformity with the values of the MIAHP, it was found that in the order of descending rank, Giza88 ranked first, followed by Giza92, Giza70, Giza86, Giza80 and finally Giza90.

NEW TECHNIQUES FOR PRETREATMENT, DYEING AND FINISHING OF SOME EGYPTIAN COTTON FABRICS IN ONE- BATH

The present study was taken up as an exploratory study to test the possibility of using one-bath scouring, dyeing and finishing (OSBDF) by the exhaustion and pad-dry techniques as an economical treatment process of fabrics made from two Egyptian cotton varieties namely Giza 89 and Giza 80. Detailed laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility of this process. The treated and untreated fabric samples were tested for their mechanical properties expressed as tensile strength (g/tex) and elongation %. Dyeing performance in terms of color parameters (K/S, ΔE), and fastness properties (wash, perspiration, and crocking) were also studied. The results of this investigation showed that ,The K/S value of the treated fabrics by the conventional method is slightly better than the cotton fabrics treated by the one-bath method. The K/S value of the treated fabrics increased with the increase in concentration of NaOH and Na2SO4, addition of finishing agent and pretreatment time. The tensile strength, elongation, and color difference of the treated fabrics by this method are of the acceptable limit. The addition of soluble chicken feather as a finishing agent (2g/l) increase the K/S value and maintain the tensile strength, and elongation from degradation. The wash, perspiration, and crocking dye fastness properties of the cotton fabrics are of the acceptable standards