Egyptian Cotton Varieties Research Articles

Study on Fiber and Yarn Quality of Some Varieties and Egyptian Cotton Promising Crosses

This investigation was carried out during 2020 season on the laboratory at Cotton Technology Research Division, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, to investigate the effect of two Egyptian cotton varieties (Giza 80 and Giza 94), and two promising cotton hybrids, i.e. hybrid cotton No. 1 [(G83xG80)xG89]Austrian and hybrid cotton No. 2 [(G89xK)xG86]xG94 on fiber and yarn technological properties under using the new technique of the ring spinning system at yarn count of 40's with 4.0 twist multiplier. The obvious results of this investigation can be summarized as follows: The differences between the studied Egyptian cotton genotypes in all fiber and yarn technological properties were significant, except micronaire value and fiber maturity were not significantly affected by cotton varieties under study during 2020 season. The promising hybrid 2 significantly recorded the highest upper half mean length (mm), fiber mean length (mm), fiber uniformity index (%), fiber bundle strength (g/tex) and lea count strength product vice versa, it gave lowest short fiber index (%), yarn evenness and No. of neps/100 m. Giza 94 cotton variety recorded maximum fiber stiffness (g/tex) and fiber brightness degree (Rd %), however it gave lowest fiber elongation percentage and fiber yellowness degree (+b). Maximum short fiber index (%), fiber yellowness degree (+b), yarn evenness and No. of neps/100 m as well as, the minimum upper half mean length (mm), fiber mean length (mm), fiber uniformity index (%), fiber bundle strength (g/tex), fiber stiffness (g/tex), fiber toughness (g/tex), fiber brightness degree (%) and lea count strength product which obtained from Giza 80 cotton variety. The fiber which obtained from promising hybrid 1 recorded greatest fiber elongation percentage and fiber toughness (g/tex).

EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES AND RATES OF NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GIZA 96 COTTON VARIETY

Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 to study the effect of planting dates and rates of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on growth and productivity of Giza 96 cotton variety to preparing the optimal agricultural recommendation for it. The experiment design was a split plot with four replications. The main plots had two planting dates (Early at 15th April and Late at 15th May) and the sub plots had four rates of nitrogen and potassium fertilization (125% from the recommended dose for nitrogen (N) + potassium (K), 100 % N + K, 75% N + K, 50% N + K). (The recommended dose 60kg Nitrogen/fed. + 24 kg Potassium/fed.) The most important results obtained could be summarized as follows: Planting dates had a significant effect on growth, yield and its components and fiber properties. Early planting date significantly increased No. of fruiting branches /plant, No. of open bolls /plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield/fed. and gave good fiber properties. The rates of nitrogen and potassium fertilization had significant effect on growth traits, yield and yield components while did not exhibit any significant effect on fiber properties. The rate 100% N+K (60 kg N+24kg K) significantly increased No. of fruiting branches /plant, No. of open bolls /plant, boll weight, seed index and seed cotton yield/fed. The interaction between planting dates and rates of nitrogen and potassium fertilization had significant effect on growth, yield and its components while did not exhibit any significant effect on lint % and fiber properties. Generally, early planting in combination with the rate100% N+K (60 kg N+24kg K) significantly increased number of fruiting branches /plant, number of open bolls /plant, boll weight, seed index and seed cotton yield/fed and gave high productivity of Egyptian cotton variety Giza 96.

HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY FOR YIELD AND FIBER QUALITY IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM BARBADENSE L.) USING HALF DIALLEL MATING SYSTEM

The present study was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during the two successive seasons 2018 and 2019. Six cotton varieties belong to (Gossypium barbadense L.). Three of them are Egyptian cotton varieties; Giza 89, Giza 93 and Giza 96. The other three varieties are Pima S4, Pima S6 and Suvin. They were crossed in a half diallel mating to produce 15 F1 hybrids in 2018 season. The F1 hybrids and six cotton varieties were growing in 2019 season in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The Results showed that the mean squares of the genotypes, parents, crosses and parents versus crosses were significant and highly significant for all studied traits except No. of bolls/plant at parents and micronaire reading at parents versus crosses. The results illustrated that the mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (S.C.A.) were significant and highly significant for all studied traits except micronaire reading at specific combining ability (S.C.A.). The parental genotypes Giza 96 and Giza 89 gave significant (desirable) GCA effects for most yield traits. Giza 96 and Suvin exhibit significant and positive (desirable) GCA effects of some fiber properties. The crosses Giza 89 x Pima S4, Giza 96 x Pima S6 and Giza 96 x Suvin recorded significant and positive (desirable) SCA effects for most yield traits, while the crosses Giza 89 x Giza 96, Giza 96 x Suvinand Giza 89 x Suvin showed significant (desirable) SCA effects for some fiber properties. following crosses Giza 89 x Giza 96, Giza 93 x Giza 96, Giza 96 x Pima S4, Giza 96 x Pima S6 and Giza 96 x Suvindemonstrated desirable heterosis relative to mid- and better-parent for most studied yield traits, also the crosses Giza 89 x Giza 96 and Giza 89 x Suvin indicated desirable heterosis relative to mid- and better-parent for some fiber properties. The results indicated that the non-additive of genetic variances were larger than the additive genetic variance with respect to all studied traits except, lint percentage, boll weight, upper half mean and micronaire reading traits. Generally, Giza 96 and Giza 89 could be used in breeding programs for improving high yielding varieties, while Giza 96 and Suvin could be considered as excellent parents for breeding programs to produce new varieties characterized with best fiber properties.

Comparison between Conventional Ring and Compact Spinning of some Egyptian Cotton Varieties

The current experiments was conducted at Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba-Basha) Alexandria University, during 2019 season to evaluate the fiber and yarn properties of combed yarns by compact and conventional ring spun yarns for three Egyptian cotton varieties (Giza 94, Giza 92 and Giza 86) which belong to long staple category under three yarn count (Ne 80’s, Ne 100’s and Ne 120’s). The fiber properties were measured as well as yarn properties by two spinning system were made at Cotton Research Institute under comparable technological condition on RstI Marzoli ring and compact spinning fitted with Olfil system on one frame. The results showed that the compact spinning surpassed than conventional ring spinning in yarn traits i.e. lea count strength product (LCSP), single yarn strength (cN/tex), elongation (%), CV%, thin and thick places, neps, total imperfections and yarn hairiness. as that the compact spinning recorded the higher desirable values for lea count strength product (LCSP) (2900), single yarn strength (cN/tex) (25.39) and elongation (%) (5.03). as recorded the lower desirable values for CV%, thin (16) and thick places (36), neps (68), total imperfections (120) and yarn hairiness (1.60). As well as cotton variety Giza 92 recorded the desirable values for lea count strength product (LCSP) (3030), single yarn strength (cN/tex) (25.24) and CV% (12.08). On the other side, Giza 86 recorded the better values for thin (11) and thick places (21), neps (67), total imperfections (99) and yarn hairiness (1.80). Yarn count Ne 80’s gave the desirable values for above studied traits. The first order and second order interaction were significant differences for all studied traits. From the previous results it could be say that cotton variety Giza 92 under both compact spinning and Ne 80’s recorded the best values for the studied characters. In general, the properties of combed yarns produced with compact spinning system are better than the those with conventional ring spinning system, compact yarns were having better tensile properties, elongation ratio and lower hairiness than conventional ring yarns, that could be due to the elimination of spinning triangle in spinning system, and the decrease from the flight of fibers of structure yarn increase and this leads to higher yarn tenacity and elongation ratio. Also, Compact spun combed yarn was to found to have higher evenness and lower number of total imperfection values (thin places, thick places and neps). If the evenness property of compact yarn can be improved, it will have a potential for improving quality and profitability of cotton yarn manufacturing.

Relationship between fiber cotton grade and some related characteristics of long and extra-long staple Egyptian cotton varieties (Gossypium barbadense. L)

The materials used in this study were four commercial varieties of Egyptian cotton; two (Giza 86 and Giza 90) belonging to the long staple class and the others (Giza 88 and Giza 92) belonging to the extra-long staple category. Within each variety, nine lint cotton grades namely: Fully Good (FG), Good/Fully Good (G/FG), Good (G), Fully Good Fair/Good (FGF/G), Fully Good Fair (FGF), Good Fair/ Fully Good Fair (GF/FGF), Good Fair (GF), Fully Fair/Good Fair (FF/GF) and Fully Fair (FF) were used. Thus Fully Good (FG) is the top quality grade and the others are progressively lower; i.e. Fully Fair (FF) is the lowest grade. Fiber properties were measured by using the Cotton Classifying System Version-5 instrument (CCS-V5). Data collected for the following characteristics were: reflectance degree (Rd %), yellowness degree (+b), trash%, dust%, fiber fragments%, total trash%, No. of neps and Micronaire value. Mean squares due to all nine grades of long and extra-long staple cotton varieties in combined analysis were highly significant over seasons for all studied characters except yellowness (+b) and fiber fragments% in Giza 92. Highly significant mean performance values of four cotton varieties and nine lint grades for each variety for all studied characters, it became clear that there were significant genetically differences between studied varieties and fiber cotton lint grades within each variety. Gradually increased for yellowness degree, trash%, dust%, fiber fragments%, total trash% (trash, dust, fiber fragments) and number of neps, while gradually decreased for reflectance degree (Rd%) and micronaire value with significant level as transfer for all tested varieties from (FG) grade down to the (FF). All studied varieties showed highly significant negative correlation between fiber cotton grade with yellowness, trash, dust, total trash% and No. of neps, while highly significant positive correlation between fiber cotton grade with reflectance degree and micronaire value. Total trash% and micronaire value as well as reflectance degree and their interactions were the most contributing and influencing of fiber cotton grades. Also these properties and their joint effects are prevailing factors which affect the personal judgment of the grader at evaluating the cotton grade.

EVALUATION AND STABILITY OF SOME EGYPTIAN COTTON VARIETIES UNDER NORMAL AND LATE SOWING CONDITIONS

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sowing dates on cotton yield, its components and fiber quality characters and select the favorable variety for delaying sowing. Cotton growers face a problem of law cotton yield in late sowing (after clover or wheat) at Egypt. The present study was carried out to evaluate six varieties G. 86 , G.94 , G.95 , G.97 , G.92 and G.96 under normal and late sowing dates viz 15th April and 15th May during 2018 and 2019 at Sakha Agriculture Research Station in a randomized complete block design with four replications to study seed cotton yield , lint yield , boll weight , lint percentage, seed index , lint index , fiber length , length uniformity ratio , fiber strength and micronaire reading. All characters showed significant mean squares for varieties in normal and late combined analysis, except fiber strength and micronaire reading and in the combined analysis for normal and late sowing dates. Mean squares for sowing dates were significant for all characters, except fiber length and length uniformity ratio. The main cause of reduction in cotton yield due to that all the Egyptian cotton varieties were needed to grow under full season conditions. It is concluded that varieties G. 97 , G. 95 and G. 94 are response to late sowing date also, G. 96 is somewhat response tolerant but, it had few seed cotton yield to both sowing dates. Fiber quality characters over few affected by late sowing date. Varieties Giza 97, Giza 95 and Giza 94 are average stable and favorable to late sowing date for seed cotton yield according to (Eberhart and Russiell) and GGE- Biplot analyses.

The Relationship Between Cotton Variety and Lint Cotton Grade on Fiber Properties

The present investigation was conducted in the Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University during 2016, to investigate the effect of Egyptian cotton variety, lint cotton grade and their interaction on fiber properties. Three commercial Egyptian cotton varieties namely; Giza 96 (belong to extra-long staple length), Giza 94 and Giza 90, which belongs to long staple length as an independent variable were used. Five lint cotton grades coin as; Good / Fully Good, (G/FG); Good +¼ (G+¼); Good (G); Good - ¼ (G-¼) and Fully Good Fair/Good, (FGF/G) as the second independent variable were used. This investigation was conducted as a completely randomized design with three replicates and analyzed as a factorial experiment. The obtained results clarified that the all studied H.V.I. fiber properties were highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) affected by the cotton variety. The cotton variety Giza 96 recorded the highest mean values (i.e. 33.97 mm for upper half mean length, 0.854 for maturity ratio as well as cotton variety Giza 94 showed the maximum mean values for uniformity index as 87.04%, short fiber index as 6.31%, fiber strength as 39.48 g / tex, reflectance degree (Rd%) as 77.70%, yellowness degree (+b) as 9.42, trash count as 41.68, trash area as 0.55% and spinning consistency index as 200.00. On the other side, cotton variety Giza 90 revealed the minimum undesirable average values for most tested fiber properties. The highest lint cotton grade (i.e. Good to Fully Good); produced the best fiber quality characteristics for all studied cotton varieties. All studied fiber technological properties were highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) affected by the lint cotton grade. This investigation declared that the interaction between both studied variables was highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) for upper half mean length (U.H.M), length uniformity index (U.I.), short fiber index (S.F.I.), micronaire reading, maturity ratio, bundle strength, elongation (%), color and trash attributes, i.e. reflectance degree (Rd%), yellowness degree (+b), trash count, trash area and spinning consistency index.

Comparative performance evaluation of bleaching of Egyptian cotton fibers using different bleaching agents

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate utilization in cotton fiber bleaching instead of Hydrogen Peroxide and to compare the influence of these bleaching agents on performance of some Egyptian cotton varieties (G88, G90, G95, and G96). Bleaching efficiency is evaluated by the degree of whiteness, yellowness, micronaire value, Length, fiber strength and elongation percent. This research was conducted with bleaching using Oxygen bleaches comparable to the conventional bleaching agents such as Hydrogen Peroxide. Results showed that the bleaching with sodium Percarbonate (SPC) and sodium perborate (SPB) using three different concentrations brought an overall improvement in cotton fibers whiteness without decreasing the qualities of cotton fibers in comparison to hydrogen peroxide. This implies that these oxygen bleaches can replace the hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, oxygen bleaches are considered as good alternatives for other bleaches because of their economic and environmental impact as they are more stable and can be stored in a solid form. Besides, they can be active at lower temperatures.

Effect of Cotton Variety and Seed Cotton Grade on Ginning Efficiency and Fiber Properties

The present investigation was conducted in the Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University during 2016, to investigate the effect of Egyptian cotton variety (Gossypium barbadense), seed cotton grade and their interaction on ginning efficiency and fiber properties. Four commercial Egyptian cotton varieties namely: Giza 87 and Giza 92 (belong to extra-long staple length, 1.3/8 inch), Giza 86 and Giza 94 (belong to long staple length. 1.1/8 inches) were used. Four seed cotton grades namely: Good/ Fully Good (G/FG); Good (G); Fully Good Fair/Good (FGF/G) and Fully Good Fair (FGF) were used. The obtained results clarified that the ginning efficiency parameters were significantly affected by the cotton variety, meanwhile, the lint cotton grade was insignificantly affected.All studied the High Volume Instrument (H.V.I.) fiber properties were significantly affected by cotton variety, except, the upper half mean length, short fiber content and reflectance degree were insignificantly affected. The seed cotton grade significantly influenced the ginning efficiency parameters and lint cotton grade. All studied fiber technological properties were significantly affected by the seed cotton grade, while, the upper half mean length and fiber elongation were insignificantly affected. The interaction between the two studied factors was significant for ginning time, gin stand capacity, lint cotton percentage, micronaire, fiber maturity, reflectance degree, yellowness degree, trash count and trash area.

LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS FOR YIELD COMPONENTS AND FIBER PROPERTIES IN SOME COTTON CROSSES OF (Gossypium barbadense L.)

The present study was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during 2017 and 2018 seasons. This investigation was carried out to estimate heterosis, combining ability, proportional contributions, genetic components and heritability estimates of some characters for six Egyptian cotton varieties as lines i.e, Giza 90, Giza 95, Giza 86, Giza 94, Giza 92 and Giza 96, while, the other five genotypes used as testers were Karshenky, Suvin, Australy 13, Pima S7 and Pima S6, using line x tester analysis. In 2018 season a randomized complete blocks design with three replications was carried to evaluate all genotype (eleven parents and their 30 F1s crosses) for some genetic parameters.The results indicated that mean squares due to the genotypes, parents, crosses and parents vs. crosses were significant and highly significant for all traits studied, except No. of bolls/plant in the parents, lint percentage in the crosses and fiber strength in the crosses and parents vs. crosses. The mean squares due to lines were significant for all studied traits. Mean square for testers and Line x Tester were significant for most traits studied. The following crosses demonstrated the best heterosis relative to mid- and better-parent, i.e, Giza 95 x Karshenky, Giza 95 x Australy 13 and Giza 95 x Pima S7 for most traits studied, while the following crosses demonstrated the best heterosis relative to mid- and better-parent for most studied yield traits, i.e. Giza 90 x Australy 13 and Giza 86 x Karshenky. The crosses Giza 92 x Karshenky, Giza 92 x Australy 13, Giza 92 x Pima S7, Giza 96 x Suvin and Giza 96 x Pima S7 were the best heterosis relative to mid-parent for most studied fiber traits. The results revealed that the line Giza 95 was significant and positive desirable GCA effects for all yield traits. Giza 92 had significant and positive desirable GCA effects for seed index and fiber strength and negative desirable for micronaire reading Giza 96 had significant and positive desirable GCA effects for fiber strength and negative desirable for micronaire reading. In this respect, the results of testers showed that Australy13 had significant and positive desirable for No. of bolls/plant, seed cotton yield/plant and lint cotton yield/plant. However, estimates of specific combining ability (SCA) effects for the crosses Giza 90 x Karshenky, Giza 95 x Pima S7, Giza 92 x Karshenky and Giza 96 x Suvin were significant desirable SCA effects for some yield traits. Proportion contribution of testers contribution was higher than lines contribution for all traits studied except No. of bolls/plant. However proportion contribution of lines x testers interaction was higher than of lines and testers for most traits studied. The non-additive of genetic parameters were larger than additive genetic variance with respect to all studied traits. Broad sense heritability (h2b%) estimates were larger than the corresponding values of narrow sense heritability (h2n%) for all traits studied. The highest broad sense heritability estimates was observed in case of lint percentage with values of 71.70% and the lowest was for uniformity index with value of 27.55%, while for narrow sense heritability, it ranged from zero to 4.37% for boll weight and lint index, respectively. Generally, Giza 95 and Australy13 could be used in breeding programs for improving high yielding varieties, while Giza 92 and Giza 96 could be considered as excellent parents for breeding programs to produce new varieties characterized with best fiber properties.

Effect of some Egyptian Cotton Varieties and Grades on Fibers and Yarn Mechanical Properties

This investigation was carried out at Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba-Basha), Alexandria University, Egypt and at Cotton Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt, to study the effect of cotton variety and lint grade on fiber and yarn mechanical properties during 2018 season. Two commercial Egyptian cotton varieties, G. barbadense namely: Giza 87 and Giza 96 as Extra-long staple (ELS) were used. Three lint cotton grades i.e., Good to Fully Good (G/FG), Good (G) and Fully Good Fair to Good (FGF/G) were used for each variety. Fibers were processed to combed yarns Ne 80. The H.V.I. classing 1000, Pressely, Stelometer and Cotton Classifying System (CCS) instruments were used to determine the physical and mechanical fiber properties.The grading system in Egypt depends upon the experience of the classer to determine grade and quality of the raw cotton according to the official grade standard of each cotton variety. The results indicated that classer's was highly significant correlated with all instrumentally measured traits (positively or negatively). The Extra-long cotton varieties had a highly significant effect for fiber properties The highest mean value of micronaire reading (3.51), maturity index (87%) , fiber length (UHML) (35.80 mm) , fiber strength (44.1 g/tex), fiber elongation(5.4 %), spinning constant index (222), reflectance degree (75.7) and trash count (112) were recorded for the Egyptian cotton variety Giza 96 .As for the lint cotton grades effect , it could be concluded that the highest lint cotton grade Good to Fully Good (G/FG) recorded the best of all fiber properties which as high value of micronaire reading , maturity index , fiber length(UHML), uniformity index, fiber strength, spinning constant index and less of short fiber index , yellowness degree and trash count vice versa. Cotton varieties (V) had highly significant differed for mechanical cotton properties measured by three instruments( HVI , Stelometer and Pressley) i.e. fiber strength and fiber elongation the highest mean values of the fiber strength ( 44.4 g / tex) , was attained by the cotton variety Giza 96. Whereas the lowest mean values (43.2 g/tex) and (4.8 %) of the fiber elongation. The conventional methods are biased toward the long, strong fibers in cotton, whereas the high speed instruments use less accurate, indirect methods to measure bundle mass and produce a force measurement that is confounded by differences in fiber crimp. When we compared single instrument testing (Pressley and Stelometer) with the HVI technology for evaluation of fiber properties is faster and coast less per measurement. The disadvantage of HVI for genetic modification for fiber properties may be reduced accuracy and ability to separate small differences. The HVI instrument had a highly significant effect on all studied fiber properties i.e. the micronaire reading , maturity index , fiber length , uniformity index , fiber strength , short fiber index, reflectance degree and yellowness degree .The highest mean value were (3.18), (85%) , (35.7mm), (86.4 %) , (47.6g/tex) , (5.7 %) , (76.0) and (9.4),respectively. of the maturity index, while the CCS instrument possessed the lowest mean of these traits. HVI measurements were calibrated across instruments using USDA cotton calibration standards making it possible to compare results from different instruments over a long period of time. In addition, cotton testing laboratories use cottons of known values throughout the day to check for a possible drift in measurements over time.

Using some fiber Properties to Predict Strength and Regularity of Combed Yarns for Some Egyptian Cotton Varieties

Using some fiber Properties to Predict Strength and Regularity of Combed Yarns for Some Egyptian Cotton Varieties

Effect of Two Egyptian Cotton Varieties on Development and Life Table of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Relation to Leaf Chemical Contents

The development and life table of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) were studied when reared on two Egyptian cotton varieties: Giza 86 and Giza 90 at laboratory conditions of 27±2°C and 60±5% R.H. Results cleared that the development of T. urticae female was significantly affected by cotton variety. Immatures developmental time was shorter on Giza 90 (3.82 days) than Giza 86 (9.86 days). The adult female longevity averaged 12.29 and 16.65 days on Giza 90 and Giza 86, respectively. In addition, the values of Net reproductive rate (Ro), Intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and Finite rate of increase per day (λ) of T. urticae were (65.04, 0.407 and 1.502 days) and (31.95, 0.184 and 1.202 days) on Giza 90 and Giza 86, respectively. The female fecundity recorded 98.63 and 71.00 eggs / female on Giza 90 and Giza 86, respectively. The mean generation time (T) and generation doubling time (DT) values were the lowest on Giza 90 (10.27, 1.702 days) than Giza 86 (18.82, 3.766 days), respectively. A positive significant correlation was recorded between development, fecundity of T. urticae female and availability leaf nitrogen content.

Relationship Between Classer Grade, the 3-digit Color and Trash Grade Attained From the H.V.I.

This study was carried out at Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Egypt during 2015 and 2017 seasons to study the relationship between classer grade, the 3-digit color and trash grades attained from the H.V.I. Three Egyptian cotton varieties i.e., Giza 86, Giza 87 and Giza 90 with different lint cotton grades were used. The obtained results revealed significant correlation coefficients (r =0.76, r =0.75 and r =0.77) between the classer grade (C.G) and instrumental grade (I.G.) for the studied three cottons varieties, respectively. Also, the significant correlation coefficients (r =0.82 and r =0.36) were found between classer grade (C.G) and 3-digit color grade (3-D.C.G.), respectively, for Giza 86, Giza 87 only. The multiple regression model was used to calculate the relative contribution and to predict the classer grade (C.G), the instrumental grade (I.G.) through the H.V.I. fiber properties. The relative contribution percentage of H.V.I. fiber properties to the classer grade, the instrumental grade, the 3-digit color grade and the spinning consistency index was determined. The reflectance degree (Rd%) recorded the highest relative contribution percentage to the classer grade (C.G) of Giza 86 and Giza 90 cotton varieties, while, the fiber bundle strength was the highest contributor to the classer grade of Giza 87.

Ginning Efficiency and Fiber Quality Properties of Cotton as Affected by Roller Gin Stand Feeding Methods and Seed Cotton Grade

Aims: Attaining the highest ginning efficiency process and fiber quality properties of Egyptian cotton cultivar ̔ Giza 88᾿during feeding methods of roller gin stand is the ultimate objective of the community of cotton field industry for local uses, but the productivity of the three feeding methods of conventional roller gin stand used in ginning process still limited.
 Therefore, the aim of this investigation is to overcome this obstacle.
 Study Design: This investigation was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replicates and analyzed as a factorial experiment.
 Place and Duration of Study: Plant Production Department, the Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Egypt during 2017.
 Methods: Four seed cotton grades; namely, Good to Fully Good (G/FG), Good + ¼ (G + ¼), Good (G) and Good -¼ (G - ¼) belonging to ̔ Giza 88᾿ cotton cultivar were used in this work. The extra-long staple Egyptian cotton variety with the pedigree and origin of cotton Giza 88 (Giza 77 x Giza 45 B) was used. This work was carried out in 2017. About half cantar (1 cantar = 157.5 kg) of each seed cotton grade as a bulk sample was thoroughly mixed and checked and reclassified by a committee of three expert classers belong to the Cotton Arbitration for Testing General Organization (CATGO), in the gin plan.
 Results: The obtained results indicated that the gin stand's hand feeding method (control treatment); results in significant increases the highest mean values of the gin stand capacity (0.97 kg lint/inch/h), Lint % (36.59%) and lint grade code (27.33) and the lowest mean value of the ginning time (1.42 h/cantar). Meanwhile, the Belt (2 row) as a mechanical feeding method; gave rise to the lowest mean value of gin stand capacity (0.89 kg lint/inch/h). The differences in fiber length parameters (Upper half mean length and short fiber index), fiber elongation %, micronaire reading, yellowness degree (+b) were not significantly affected. The highest seed cotton grade (Good / Fully Good) gave the better lint cotton grade and the best fiber properties tested by HVI instrument of ̔ Giza 88᾿ cotton cultivar.
 Conclusion: The hand feeding method of seed cotton to the gin stand surpassed all studied feeding methods in gin stand productivity, lint percentage and the most HVI fiber properties are better classer grade. Though, this method is recommended to be used specially with the high levels of the extra-long cottons.
 Cylinder feeding method ranked first in order among studied mechanical method and it could be recommended for ginning medium and low seed cotton level.
 Belt (2 rows) is the preferred feeding method regardless of gin stand productivity.

Effect of Nano-Fertilizer and N-Fertilization Levels on Produc-tivity of Egyptian cotton under Different Sowing Dates

Two field experiments were carried out on clay soil in El-Gemmeiza Agric. Res. St., ARC, El-Gharbiya Governorate, during 2016 and 2017 to study the effect of nanofertilizer and N-fertilization levels on productivity of cotton Giza 86 under two sowing dates. The experiment design was a split split-plot. The main plots involved two sowing dates; (Early at 8th April and Late at 8th May). While, the sub plots were allocated to three treatment of nanofertilizer (without, Lithovit 2.5g/L and Lithovit 5g/L). Application three times (at squaring,initiation of flowering and two weeks after flowering). While, the sub sub-plots were allocated to three N-fertilization levels, (50%, 75% and 100% recommended dose). The most importantresults obtained could be summarized as follows: Sowing date had a significant effect on growth, yield and its omponents. Where, the early sowing date surpassed the late sowing date. The levels of N had significant effect on growth, seed cotton yield and its components in both seasons. The rate of N (75%) gave the good averages in this respect. The Nano-fertilizer by Lithovit had significant effect on growth, seed cotton yield and it compounds. All treatments had a not significant effect on fiber properties. Early sowing date in combination with the N fertilizer (45kg N/fad) and foliar application with Lithovit (5g/L water) for obtaining gave the high productivity of Egyptian cotton variety Giza 86.

GIZA 95” A LONG STAPLE EGYPTIAN COTTON VARIETY FOR MIDDLE AND UPPER EGYPT

Giza95 is a new long-staple Egyptian cotton variety. It has been introduced by the Cotton Breeding Research Section through artificial hybridization between the variety Giza80 and the genotype [(Giza83xGiza75) x5844] followed by the pedigree method of selection. The variety Giza 95 has 6.90% higher seed cotton yield (SCY) and 16.32% higher lint yield (LY) than the commercial variety Giza 90. It slightly surpassed Giza 90 for boll weight (BW) and lint percentage (L %). Fiber quality traits for the new variety Giza 95 was nearly

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in some Egyptian Cotton Varieties Based on Molecular and Technological Characteristics

Cotton is an economic plant of world importance. It's the world's leading textile fiber crop. The lack of genetic diversity is implicated in the successful breeding program depends on the slowing of progress in developing new cotton cultivars complete knowledge and understanding of the genetic with improved yield and quality potential, as well as diversity within and among genetic resources of the stress resistance. The present study was carried out at the Agricultural Botany Department and Department of Plant production Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Egypt. Five commercial varieties representing the two categories of Egyptian cotton were used, namely: Giza 92 and Giza 88 as extra-long staple length and Giza 86, Giza 95 and Giza 90 as long staple length. These studies were conducted during 2015 up to 2018. Fiber properties of the five cotton varieties under study were determined by the High-Volume Instrument (H.V.I.). Ten RAPD primer, were initially screened to determine the suitability of each primer for the study. Isozyme data proved 100% genetic similarity between the extra-long staple cotton, in the other hand 100% between the long staple cotton varieties, although, the cluster was divided by 62%. The results indicated that in all studied cotton varieties, 224 (71%) of the 312 fragments were polymorphic and 88 (29%) were monomorphic. From these data, we can provide that there are high genetic variations between the two-cotton type in Egypt and these found could be useful in breeding program in the future. Cotton productivity and the future of cotton breeding efforts tightly depend on the level of the genetic diversity of cotton gene pools and its effective exploitation in cotton breeding programs. Elucidating the details of genetic diversity is also very important to determine timeframe of cotton agronomy, develop a strategy for genetic gains in breeding, and conserve existing gene pools of cotton.

Response of some Egyptian Cotton Varieties to Laser Irradiation

Response of some Egyptian Cotton Varieties to Laser Irradiation

Genetic Analysis of Seed Cotton Yield and its Attributes under Early and Late Plantings

THIS RESEARCH was conducted to study the effects of late planting on the performance of Egyptian cotton sensitivity to environment, and gene actions that controlling seed cotton yield/plant (SCY/P) and related traits. Half diallel crosses of eight Egyptian cotton varieties were evaluated under early and late plantings. The analysis of variance indicated significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences among entries (parents and crosses) for most traits. The reduction percentin seed SCY/P caused by the stress of late planting was 17.98 and 18.25 percent for the parents and hybrids; respectively. Stress susceptibility index indicated that five parents were tolerant for SCY/P to late planting. Fifteen out of the 28 hybrids showed tolerance in SCY/P to late planting. The diallel analysis of variance indicated that both additive and dominance effects of genes were involved in the inheritance of all traits. Generally, the regression coefficient “b Wr/Vr” and the graphical analysis revealed that the inheritance of seed cotton yield/plant controlled by additive, dominance and epistatic effects of genes. The results of boll weight under the stress of late planting suggested the presence of additive, dominance and epistatic genes interaction. The genetic analysis of number of seeds/boll under late planting indicated no significance of the additive effects of genes “a item”, however, the dominance item “b” was significant (p≤ 0.01). The non-additive effects of genes were reflected in the departure of narrow from broad sense heritability. Therefore, pedigree and recurrent selection breeding methods could be effective in isolating lines adapted to late planting.