Ego States Research Articles

VERONIKA`S PERSONALITY DETERMINANT AND EGO-STATE IN VERONIKA DECIDE TO DIE IN PAULO COELHO

This research is aimed to revel the personality determinant and Veronika`s ego-state. The theory that applied in this research is personality determinant by Elizabeth Hurlock and transactional analysis proposed by Eric Berne. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive method. The condition that Veronika experiences is that her mother in determining her future pressures Veronika`s life. Everything that she wants to do, it must be controlled by her mother. Finally, she feels tired living with that condition therefore she prefers to end up her life through suicide. Unlikely, she is failure in doing it. It is found out aspiration and achievement, education, social, emotion, family, sex, physical, and intellectual factor determinant her personality. However, her personality is dominant by family factor. Her view in relationship toward a life and death are she feels happy living when she was to child. However, she feels empty when she is adult women and has everything. She gets bored with her routine activity such as go for working in the morning and gets back in the afternoon. She has not any purpose of life anymore. Since living the mental hospital, her life rise back. She understands the meaning of life through motivation from her friends and love from young man. There are three aspects of her ego-state within her such as parents, adult, and child aspects. However, the adult ego state determinates from them all.

Understanding transactional analysis of managers: an empirical study in India

Management is the process of accomplishing the activities efficiently and effectively with the help of human capital. The manpower in any sector is made to sail through a saga of productivity and profitability under the efficient captainship of the managers. This research paper gives insight into the implications of transactional analysis and ego states of the managers rendering the services in the companies of the IT sector in the Coastal Karnataka. To accomplish the objectives of the study, Transactional Style Inventory-Manager (TSI-M) is administered to the respondents, and scoring is done considering the Operating Effectiveness Quotient (OEQ). The research paper highlights that the demographic variables have a major influence on the interpersonal skills of the managers. It is found out that various ego states are predominant among managers, and the lowest state is the creative child ego state. The research concludes that by conducting transactional analysis-based leadership training, the productivity of employees can be enhanced in the future.

Resolution of Dissociated Ego States Relieves Flashback-Related Symptoms in Combat-Related PTSD: A Brief Mindfulness Based Intervention

ABSTRACTA novel understanding and therapeutic approach to the treatment of PTSD-related flashback triggers are described. Triggered responses are conceptualized as the result of latent dissociative structures of neural organization and psychodynamic functioning activated by current events. The dissociative structure – here described as a dissociated ego state (DES) – reflects a fracturing of executive functioning resulting in a delimited aspect of self that is not under cognitive control or subject to cognitive inhibition by the self of daily experience, and is the psychological construct behind intrusive PTSD symptoms. Use of a mindful attentional state permits regulated access to the DES (therapeutic engagement without risk of emotional dysregulation) so that dissociated cognitive resources can be recovered and the dissociated structure deactivated. This may relieve maladaptive responses and behaviors associated with the DES in a profound and durable way, without the need for exposure to or recovery of traumatic memories. Based on this understanding, a 9-step intervention is introduced with a case example of a Vietnam veteran suffering PTSD symptoms for 49 years with significant gains maintained at 21 months follow up. These findings demonstrate rapid and durable resolution of chronic PTSD symptoms through a mindfulness-based approach that focused on deactivation of dissociated ego states, in contrast to targeting trauma memories. If proven efficacious, this novel approach may result in reduced treatment costs and improved outcomes for veterans suffering with PTSD.

Golden Rules of communication

Communication skills are quite often challenged and in more ways than one. Fiona Ellwood explains Aim Introduce the principles of effective communication and the potential barriers. It also provides a snapshot of the notion of Ego States, and a suggestion of further reading in order to consider the application to working in a dental setting. Objectives Recognise a number of communication forms and align them to the working day Analyse the notion of barriers to communication Appraise the concept of Ego States by Berne and the applicability to the smooth running of the dental settings Formulate a frank discussion based upon communication skills and the GDC principles. GDC development outcome A

Ego State Therapy (EST) and Systemic Desensitization (SD) to Reduce School Refusal among Senior High School Students

This paper compared Ego State Theraphy (EST), Systematic Desensitization (SD), and the combination of both treatments to reduce school refusal among high school students. It employed experimental approach with pretest‑posttest control group design. It used Scale Revised‑Child (SRS‑RC). It took 40 high school students in Surabaya. The data were analyzed one‑path anava. It concludes that first, school refusal declining in the subjects of experimental group which underwent EST, SD, and SDEST are significantly different from control group. Second, the three strategies tested in this research are more effective in reducing the symtomps of school refusal. Third, subjects in experiment group with SDEST strategy have sustained a decline in school refusal score greater than subjects in experiment groups which underwent single strategy

Collective Psychology and Behavioral Characteristics of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Single Cohort Study

Background: We previously treated patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using color therapy as part of projective psychotherapy and found differences in preferred colors selected in an imagined stressful situation between patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and those with Crohn’s disease (CD). In this study, we investigated differences in color selection among UC patients, CD patients, and healthy volunteers (HVs). More precisely, formal analysis using a projective technique was performed to evaluate their emotional characteristics when coping with stress, and egogram analysis was performed to investigate their collective psychological characteristics and behavioral characteristics as social selves. Methods: Eighty-three HVs, 70 UC patients, and 71 CD patients were shown a sheet displaying images of bottles each containing 2 horizontally separated compartments filled in the same color or different colors. The preferred colors selected under imagined psychological stress (loneliness) were analyzed using a projection approach to investigate the emotional characteristics of the inner self. The Tokyo University Egogram New Version II (TEG^®II) was then used to analyze collective psychological characteristics and behavioral characteristics as social selves in the HV, UC, and CD groups. Results: Comparison of all 3 groups with the χ² test showed that more participants chose calm colors in the CD group than in the HV and UC groups, while more participants chose stimulating colors in the UC group than in the CD group (p < 0.01). Analysis of TEG^®II results with one-way analysis of variance and then with the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test revealed differences in collective psychological characteristics and behavioral characteristics in all 3 groups. Comparing scores for 5 types of ego states (Critical Parent, Nurturing Parent, Adult, Free Child, and Adapted Child) revealed that more participants in the CD group had a low Critical Parent score than in the HV group (p < 0.05). More participants in the IBD group had a low Nurturing Parent score than in the HV group (CD vs. HV, p < 0.01; UC vs. HV, p < 0.05). Significantly more participants in the UC group had a higher Adult score than in the HV or CD group (each p < 0.01). Conclusions: The psychological characteristics of patients with IBD differ depending on the type of disease (i.e., CD vs. UC). Management based on such differences should be provided for patients with each disease type.

Profile of computer use by Polish and Ukrainian students from the perspective of transactional analysis - research study

The article presents research which compares computer use by students from Poland and Ukraine in the scope of such activities as entertainment, work/study, practical activities, hobbies and communication. The research was carried out using the diagnostic survey method, with the help of the questionnaire technique, in a group of 286 people in total (166 from Poland and 120 from Ukraine). Since the research tool contained questions related to the concept of transactional analysis, it allowed for analysing the profile of ego states examined at the level of functional analysis and drivers. Due to this, it was possible to indicate not only differences in the manner of using new technologies, but also to determine their sources. The use of transactional analysis in research related to human functioning in the world of new media is the original initiative of the author of this article.

Profilaktyka agresji w pracy nauczyciela w perspektywie edukacyjnej analizy transakcyjnej

&lt;p class="Default"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Autorka, wskazując na wyniki badań dotyczące zjawiska agresji dzieci i młodzieży, przedstawia konieczność podejmowania przez szkoły bardziej skutecznych działań w zakresie profilaktyki agresji. W tym celu proponuje wykorzystanie analizy transakcyjnej jako teorii psychologicznej i jej zastosowań w edukacji jako praktyki pedagogicznej. Omawia wybrane koncepcje z zakresu edukacyjnej analizy transakcyjnej (stany Ja, transakcje, pozycje życiowe, znaki rozpoznania, dyskontowanie i pasywność) i ich powiązania z problemem agresywności. Ukazuje, w jaki sposób wiedza na temat tych koncepcji może pomoc nauczycielom w rozumieniu źródeł agresywnych zachowań uczniów, wyborze reakcji adekwatnych do sytuacji oraz kierunków działań profilaktycznych. W artykule został przedstawiony jedynie zarys problematyki, aby przedstawić potencjał edukacyjnej analizy transakcyjnej jako podstawy pracy pedagogicznej nauczycieli i wychowawców, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem profilaktyki agresji. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The requirement for achievement in young people

Аbstract. The desire to improve results, a dissatisfaction with what has been achieved, a perseverance in achieving their goals, the desire to achieve their own at any cost - all of this is one of the nuclear traits of a person that influence all of human life. It is believed that a person in his profession can accomplish one of two main missions: a professional self-realization, with a predominant orientation «towards society» (to make a successful career, to reach the heights of excellence and, accordingly, a public recognition), or an self-realization of himself as an individual (a predominant «self-directed» orientation, which may not always coincide with his professional self-realization). It is believed that the motives of the choice of a profession by students are closely related to their value orientations, and the study of factors influencing a person’s attitude to the profession and himself allows determining the specificity of the professional field, where the subject area of work activity is designated as a new psychological reality, activating a personality to self-transformation and the world around us. It is shown that the level of achievement motivation, the motivation for success among young people is medium. Reduced and increased need identified in isolated cases. The nature of the distribution of ego states in the personality structure of young people (men and women) is due to the sex characteristics of the groups. In the study of tightness between correlation between indicators of the need for achievement and indicators of ego-states of personality structures, it is shown that this force is weak in men, while in women it is moderate between the need for achievement and indicators «Rebellious child» and «Caring parent». This corresponds to the idea of the possibility of considering your life as an interrelation of a number of events with subjective experiences, since the psychological fate of an individual determines the way of experiencing the events of life. The adequacy of self-esteem is characterized by the measure of an individual’s assessment of his activity with external assessments of these results, the nature of reflection of this coincidence in his mind, but it also depends on the need for achievement. This will allow the development of effective integrated programs that help optimize both perseverance and self-realization of the individual.

Relationship between ego states and neuroticism among Indian males and females

The purpose of this research project was to explore the relationship between ego states of Transactional Analysis (TA) and Neuroticism of the Big Five Factor model of personality among Indian adults. A sample of 192 Indian adults (37% male, 63% female) were administered the Ego State Questionnaire-Revised (ESQ-R) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was used to discover the relationships between ego states and Neuroticism. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between Neuroticism and the ego states of Critical Parent (CP) and Adapted Child (AC). There was a negative correlation between Neuroticism and the ego states of Nurturing Parent (NP), Adult (A) and Free Child (FC). (All correlations are significant at 0.05 level using a two-tailed test.) The degree of positive correlations of the CP and AC ego states with Neuroticism, were stronger than the degree of the negative correlations of their corresponding ego states i.e. NP and FC ego states. Among negatively correlated ego states, NP was most weakly correlated with Neuroticism for women but for men it was stronger. Similarly, FC was most weakly correlated with Neuroticism for men, but for women the relationship was stronger. Except for FC, all other ego states showed increased degrees of correlation with Neuroticism from the age group of 25-40 years to that of 41-56 years. Though there are limitations to this research, the findings are in line with TA theory and may have implications for how TA therapy is applied.

The Little Professor: Reflection on the Structure, Development and Evolution of the Adult in the Child

According to the concept of the Life Script, developed by Eric Berne, the fate of each individual is sketched in the early years of life. The subdivision of Child Ego State, known as Adult in the Child or Little Professor, is responsible for decoding the world throughout intuition and analogical thought and, thus, in one way or another, having physical and emotional survival guaranteed. The purpose of this article is to qualify and recognise the Adult in the Child and its relevance in the construction of personality trait, by studying the anatomical, physiological and emotional scenario in which the Adult in the Child develops itself. The author suggests that the peculiar stamina and wisdom held in the Adult in the Child may be present in adult life in a positive manner, even if the events that structured it were dramatic.

Sounding as a Tool for Spiritual Awakening

This article introduces Sounding, a therapeutic, vocal technique that sings sounds (not words) and is largely improvisational. Sounding induces profound shifts of consciousness that lead to deep insights into emotionally-driven behaviour. This serves to help clients rebalance internal mental structures leading to calmness and stability. This article shows the importance of Sounding as a therapeutic technique that has a deep impact on both body and mind. Great care is needed in both one-on-one and group work to assess each client’s emotional and psychological status before going too deep. Having developed Sounding and its use with Yoga Nidra over a period of 15 years, I have grown into an understanding of the power of this work. With an individual, I would not introduce this until I have plenty of context and can understand and feel the client’s sensitivity and vulnerability so I can adjust the wording of the Yoga Nidra and the duration of Sounding to accommodate those sensitivities and vulnerabilities. In one-off group work, especially with people I have not met before, I keep this very light and relaxed so as not to go too deep with both the technique and subsequent therapeutic dialogue. This work is not for people who have fragile/unstable ego states. It needs a certain level of emotional and psychological resilience, which is why, if I am setting up an ongoing group, I will assess clients through an initial questionnaire and then a one-on-one interview. I describe how this technique was developed over the past 15 years since I first started using it during my MA research at CCPE in London in 2004. Various crucial aspects of yoga techniques and philosophy will be outlined that underpin my use of Sounding and how it works in conjunction with Western Transpersonal philosophy. Current scientific research into trauma and anxiety are also explored, and the way Sounding is of benefit in these areas is illustrated. I also look at common features Sounding has with meditation, the use of Ayahuasca, a traditional spiritual medicine, and Near Death Experiences (NDEs). KEYWORDS Koshas, Kleshas, Mind, Near Death Experiences (NDEs), Shamanism’s icaros, Sounding, Spiritual Awakening, Yoga Nidra, Yoga of Sound.

Cardiometric fingerprints of various human ego states

Cardiometric fingerprints of various human ego states

Transactional Analysis Theory and Spirituality

A great deal of importance has recently been given to studies dealing with the spiritual aspect of psychological theories and approaches; the aim has been to shed light on the spiritual aspect of humanity through these conducted researches and compilations. The current study aims to explain the perspective of transactional analysis on spirituality in terms of the theory of interpersonal relations and the extent of spirituality on the understanding of transactional analysis. Mainly the views of Berne and the researchers following in his footsteps have been taken into consideration. The experience of self-transcendence has been referenced by elaborating on the concept of autonomy, which occurs in spirituality through transactional analysis. By forming a framework over the transactional analysis view on spirituality, a perspective is offered towards transactional analysis patterns and spirituality along the axis of transaction and ego states. Family prisms, which are especially effective in the process of working with families in the understanding of transactional analysis, are clarified along the axis of spirituality. In addition, brief and summary information is presented about the pilgrim model, which guides transactional analysts regarding the spiritual elements a client brings during the consultation process. This study aims to show that the understanding of transactional analysis is a theory of relations and that therapists do not exclude spirituality from the counseling process but reference spirituality, particularly when focusing on ego states, intimacy, and autonomy, although not on all the concepts discussed along the understanding axis. For this purpose, the study aims to give the point of view on spirituality in transactional analysis theory by compiling the research that has been performed.

Mapping transactional analysis to clinical leadership models.

Leaders in today's NHS face the unenviable task of reconciling rising demand, frozen resource allocation and increasing accountability. As the NHS itself stands at the nexus of an unstable political and socioeconomic landscape, its future success relies largely on its ability to nurture excellence, to encourage open communication within and across health-care teams, and to inspire its workforce through exemplary leadership and followership. Key to these endeavours are clinicians on the 'shop floor', whose daily interactions with patients and staff help to shape prevailing culture and drive progress through quality improvement and leadership initiatives. This article considers how transactional analysis can be incorporated into professional development to help doctors develop insight into and optimize the use of different communication styles. The authors propose that a working knowledge of the transactional analysis ego state model can enhance effective communication, leadership and followership within and across health-care teams, with a view to optimizing patient outcomes and workforce interactions.

13-18 Yaş Grubu Ergenlerdeki Ego Durumları ile Anne Babalarının Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Anne Baba Tutumlarının İlişkisi

In this study, it is aimed to reveal the relationship of ego states of teenagers in the 13-18 age group with parentage consciousness levels of parents and their attitudes relating to child rearing. In addition, this paper also scrutinizes this relationship in terms of several demographical variables such as age, gender, educational background, and socio-economic level. The population consisted of teenagers in the 13-18 age group who study in secondary education in Akcakoca, Cumayeri and Cilimli districts of Duzce province; families of these teenagers were also included in the population. Sample of the study composed of 260 persons whose 130 were parents and other 130 were the teenagers in the related age group. The sampling method is the clustering irrational random sampling; it is in the form of relational screening model. Ego States Scale (ESS) within the scope of Transactional Analysis Theory was applied 130 teenagers in 13-18 age group by asking them for checking the boxes which summarize their characteristics. As data collection tools, 130 parents in the survey was applied Parentage Information Test and Parental Attitude Research (PARI) whose validity and reliability are approved. Moreover, the Demographic Information Form that was developed by the same investigator was filled by participants. The significance level of all the data was tested at p< 0.05 level. It is pointed out when looking at research results that parentage consciousness level of parents and also parents’ attitudes relating to child rearing do not differentiate by the self-perceived ego states of teenagers in the 13-18 age group. There is found a negative significant relationship between parents’ attitudes relating to child rearing and parentage consciousness levels. There is also seen a significant difference between parentage information level of parents between their educational level, working status and number of children. In addition to all these, for research results, parents significantly predict PARI scores.

Extending the vehicular network simulator Artery in order to generate synthetic data for collective perception

Abstract. A fundamental for an automated driving car is the awareness of all its surrounding road participants. Current approach to gather this awareness is to sense the environment by on-board sensors. In the future, Vehicle-to-X (V2X) might be able to improve the awareness due to V2X's communication range superiority compared to the on-board sensors' range. Due to a limited amount of communication partners sharing their own ego states, current research focuses particularly on cooperative perception. This means sharing objects perceived by local on-board sensors of different partners via V2X. Data collections using vehicles, driving on real roads, is challenging, since there is no market introduction of cooperative perception yet. Using test cars, equipped with the required sensors are rather expensive and do not necessarily provide results representing the true potential of cooperative perception. Particularly, its potential is highly dependent on the market penetration rate and the amount of vehicles within certain vicinity. Therefore, we consider to create synthetic data for cooperative perception by a simulation tool. After reviewing suitable simulation tools, we present an extension of Artery and its counterpart SUMO by modelling realistic vehicle dynamics and probabilistic sensor models. The generated data can be used as input for cooperative perception.

Untangling the Family Tree: Using the Transgenerational Script Questionnaire in the Psychotherapy of Transgenerational Trauma

The Transgenerational Script Questionnaire (TSQ) is presented as a helpful tool to reveal the transgenerational script in a family tree. The TSQ may be applied in individual or group psychotherapy and used for treatment planning. Transgenerational trauma, intrapsychically introjected through original nonverbal and verbal transactions between the Child and Parent ego states of family members, is usually present in the client’s internal dialogues. When clients are not aware of the voices in their head, these can be projected through ulterior transactions, psychological games, transference psychodynamics, and projective identification in their current relationships, leading to the reenactment of trauma through further generations. Becoming aware of this sequence may give individuals the opportunity to understand and disentangle their family tree. These ideas are illustrated with a case example.

Effects of State Anxiety and Ego Depletion on Performance Change in Golf Putting: A Hierarchical Linear Model Application.

This study employed a hierarchical linear model analysis to examine the effects of ego depletion and state anxiety on performance changes in golf putting. We randomly assigned 51 female college students with no previous golf putting experience to either an ego-depletion (experimental) group (n = 26) or a non-ego-depletion (control) group (n = 25). Putting performance changes over repeated trials displayed a quadratic curve, and both ego depletion and state anxiety exerted negative effects on early, but not late, putting performance. Contrary to previous findings, the interaction effect between ego depletion and state anxiety on performance was nonsignificant.

A Stark Choice Between Subjectivity and Objectivity in the Therapeutic Relationship

The author questions the validity of the theoretical stance, originally put forward by Martha Stark, that therapists can effectively move between modes of therapeutic action by utilizing different schools of transactional analysis at different points in the therapeutic relationship. Four areas are suggested in which there is disharmony between this stance and the tenets of relational therapy. To illustrate these tensions, a new set of ego state diagrams is offered to represent the intersubjective nature of the therapeutic dyad in relational transactional analysis.