Eggplant Fruit Research Articles

The eggplant yield and fruit composition as affected by genetic factor and biostimulant application

Consumer demands regarding eggplant fruits are focused on perfect shape, color, and taste but nutritional and bioactive quality has also become important with rising awareness of food related health. On the other hand, producers value modern cultivars’ earliness, high-yielding, stress-tolerance, and high overall fruit quality. We attempt to link these two standpoints through combining modern hybrids cultivated in the open field of temperate climatic zone with biostimulant application to increase the dynamics of yielding and the quality of fruits. The aim of our research was the determination of the genotypic-dependent response of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) to Ascophyllum nodosum standardized extract (Göemar BM-86) application in field conditions of Poland, with respect to the most important characteristics linked to yield quality and plant stress status. The early and total yield of investigated hybrids was affected by biostimulant application, and this dependence was confirmed statistically for most of the treatments. The increase of ‘Epic’ F1 and ‘Flavine’ F1 yield potential through Göemar BM-86 application was linked to higher fruit number harvested from the plants, while ‘WA 6020’ F1 led to greater fruit weight. Investigated hybrids responded differently to biostimulant treatment with respect to dietary and pro-health value of fruits. Generally, the content of soluble sugar, anthocyanins, and mineral elements as well as was antioxidant activity of fruits were positively affected by biostimulant application. This tendency was statistically confirmed for several experimental treatments. Presented results give a new perspective on seaweed-based biostimulants as elicitors of crop’s self defense mechanisms as well as modulators of fruit setting, productivity and bioactive compounds accumulation in eggplant.
 
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 In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Susceptibility of Field Populations of Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée) to Cry1Ac, the Protein Expressed in Bt Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Bangladesh.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena Linn.), or brinjal, was engineered to express an insecticidal protein (Cry1Ac) from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and commercialized in Bangladesh on a limited basis in 2014. As part of an insect resistance management strategy, studies were conducted to determine the susceptibility of the targeted insect pest, the eggplant fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenée), to Cry1Ac using a diet-incorporation bioassay method. Eighteen populations of L. orbonalis were collected from the main brinjal growing areas in 17 districts of Bangladesh during 2018–2019 and assayed. Larvae from each population were reared to adults and allowed to mate. Eggs from the matings were allowed to hatch, and neonates were used for bioassays. Bioassays were performed with different concentrations of Cry1Ac and an untreated control. Median lethal concentrations (LC50) ranged between 0.035 and 0.358 ppm and molt inhibitory concentration (MIC50) values ranged from 0.008 to 0.181 ppm. Variation in susceptibility among field populations was 10.22-fold for LC50 and 22.63-fold for MIC50. These results were compared to values from 73 populations in India. Overall, the results showed similar natural variation and suggest that these Bangladeshi values can be used as benchmarks for resistance monitoring as Bt brinjal becomes more widely adopted in Bangladesh.

Genetic Analysis for Fruit Phenolics Content, Flesh Color, and Browning Related Traits in Eggplant (Solanum melongena).

Eggplant varieties rich in bioactive chlorogenic acid along with less browning are preferred by consumers. Therefore, genetics of fruit phenolics, fruit flesh colour, and browning related traits were studied in the genotypes of eggplant, comprising of nine cultivated varieties and one accession of eggplant‘s primary genepool wild relative Solanum insanum (INS2). These accessions were genotyped based on the 7335 polymorphic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers. After that, genotypes were crossed in half diallel fashion to produce 45 hybrids. The INS2 displayed the highest values for the total phenolics and chlorogenic acid content (CGA). For all of the biochemical traits studied, significant values of general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) effects were determined. The baker ratio estimates were high (>0.75) for all of the traits. Highly significant and positive heterosis (%) was determined for the dry matter, total phenolics, CGA, and area (%) of CGA content. The phenolics content of the fruit (total phenolics and CGA) was not significantly correlated with flesh colour and browning related traits. However, when the path coefficient analysis was performed considering the CGA as a dependent variable, it was determined that the flesh colour related traits most considerably affected the CGA. The genetic distance showed a diminutive correlation with the hybrid means, heterosis, and SCA values. Overall, this study provides important information regarding the underlying genetics of important biochemical traits of eggplant fruit.

Bt Brinjal in Bangladesh: The First Genetically Engineered Food Crop in a Developing Country.

Eggplant, or brinjal (Solanum melongena), is a popularly consumed vegetable grown throughout Asia that is prone to vicious and sustained attack by the eggplant fruit and shoot borer (EFSB) (Leucinodes orbonalis) throughout the growing season. Yield losses in Bangladesh because of EFSB infestation have been reported as high as 86%. Farmers reduce crop losses by frequent applications of insecticide. To counter the EFSB pest, Bangladesh has developed and released four Bt brinjal varieties expressing Cry1Ac (Bt brinjal). Bangladesh is the first developing country to release a commercial genetically engineered (GE) food crop. In this article, we discuss the development and adoption of Bt brinjal in Bangladesh from initial distribution to 20 farmers in 2014 to cultivation by more than 27,000 farmers in 2018. Bt brinjal provides essentially complete control of EFSB, dramatically reduces insecticide sprays, provides a sixfold increase in grower profit, and does not affect nontarget arthropod biodiversity. A major focus is to ensure its durability through stewardship. Bangladesh has shown great leadership in adopting biotechnology for the benefit of its farmers and serves as an example for other countries.

ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS ASSESSMENT FOR SOILS AND PLANTS IRRIGATED FROM El-MARIOUTEYA AND EL-RAHAWY DRAIN

The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental risks of water, soils, and plants from the El-Mariouteya Canal and El-Rahawy drain. To achieve this aim, pH and electrical conductivity EC in water and soils, as well as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in water; some micro elements and heavy metals were estimated in water; soils and plants. In addition to calculation of contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cd), modified degree of contamination (mCd); pollution load index (PLI) and bio-accumulation factor of elements in plants. The obtained results indicated that the values of pH and (SAR) in the water were different from season to another season. (EC) values were very high and unsuitable for irrigation in summer season; while they were suitable for irrigation in winter season according to FAO. Regard to soil pH values tend to be normal, slightly and moderately alkaline and (EC) was ranged between non-saline to highly saline soils. However, boron, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, nickel and lead were within the safe limits. The total content of cadmium exceeded the safe limits in both seasons, but other elements were within the safe limits. The lowest concentration of iron, boron, cobalt and chromium was found in Wheat yield. Manganese and nickel were found in the fruits of Eggplant, zinc and copper were found in Cabbage. While the highest concentrations of iron, manganese, copper, cobalt, chromium and nickel were found in Okra. Zinc was found in Spinach and boron was found in Watercress. BCF indicates that the most plants have more than 1 and showed high concentrations of heavy metals. The values of (CF) were low for both zinc, boron and lead for all sites and medium for copper and cobalt at all sites and low to medium with both iron, manganese, chromium and nickel indicating that this contamination is related to human activities. Modified contamination degree (mCd) is moderate to high in some sites. The (PLI) is generally high (> 1) in all sites; exception one site. The (PLI) was low (<1) in some sites in winter season.

EFFECT OF STORAGE DURATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BELLO EGGPLANT FRUIT UNDER QUASI COMPRESSION LOADING

The mechanical properties of eggplant fruit (cv. Bello) harvested at physiological maturity stage were evaluated in three storage periods (3d, 6d and 9d). These mechanical parameters (rupture force, rupture energy and deformation at rupture point) were measured under quasi compression loading, using the Universal Testing Machine (Testometric model). The fruit’s toughness and rupture power were calculated from the data obtained from the rupture energy and deformation at rupture point. Results obtained showed that mechanical properties of the Bello eggplant fruit exhibited strong dependence on the storage period. The results showed that as the Bello fruit stored longer, its rupture force and rupture energy decreased from 812 N to 411 N, and 5.58 Nm to 3.11 Nm respectively. While the rupture power decreased from 1.095 W to 0.353 W. On the contrary, the toughness and deformation at rupture increased from 0.270 mJ/mm3 to 0.403 mJ/mm3, and 16.99 mm to 25.22mm respectively during the 9 days storage period. The knowledge of the mechanical properties of fruits is important for their harvest and post-harvest operations, therefore, information obtained from this study will be useful in the design and development of machines for the mechanization of eggplant production.

The relationship between genome size, morphological parameters and diet breadth in insect species

Abstract Genome size estimation is the first step involved in the complete genome sequencing project. Knowledge on genome size is also useful in research work related to genetics, molecular biology, and systematics. Though there are many methods of genome estimation, the Propidium Iodide (PI) based flow cytometry is simple and gives an accurate estimation. In the present investigation, the diploid genome size of four insect species viz., cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (392.47 Mb) (Cicadellidae: Hemiptera), bean pod borer, Maruca vitrata (1489.63 Mb) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera), tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (1128.61 Mb) (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera) and eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (944.52 Mb) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) were estimated using chicken RBC (2.33 pg) as a reference standard. The relationship of genome size with the insect morphological traits and host plant range showed no evident correlation between them.

Eggplant (Solanum spp) supplemented fruits diet modulated the activities of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ENTPdase), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and cholinesterases (AChE/BChE) in the brain of diabetic Wistar male rats.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with complications such as Alzheimer disease (AD). Tropical eggplant (Solanum gilo, Solanum kumba, and Solanum aethiopicum) fruits have been extensively used for the treatment of different ailments. This study assesses the effect of an eggplant supplemented-diet on purinergic, monoaminergic, and cholinergic enzyme systems in diabetic male rats, besides determining the presence of alkaloids using GC-MS chromatography. Results from this study show that eggplant fruit diet modulates the activities of the enzymes in purinergic, monoaminergic, and cholinergic enzyme systems associated with AD-like symptoms. Solanum kumba-supplemented diet significantly (p<0.05) reduced enzyme activities better than S. gilo and S. aethiopicum, which could be due to its rich phytochemical constituents. In conclusion, eggplant fruits could serve as a holistic measure in the prevention of diabetes-related complications such as neurodegenerative disease. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The therapeutic management of diabetes fails to holistically address inflammatory response which likely contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) occurrence by causing insulin resistance; this, in turn, is intensified in the presence of hyperglycemia to promote long-term complications such as neurodegenerative disorders. The health benefit of a tropical eggplant fruit diet inform a nutritional and therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and its associated complications such as neurodegenerative disorders has been proved. The eggplant fruit-supplemented diet, which is cost-effective with little or no side effect, could substantially increase the antioxidant status and also modulate the activities of neuronal enzymes in a diabetic model with dementia, as well as Alzheimer's-like symptoms. This study, therefore, revealed more of the benefits of tropical eggplant fruits vis-à-vis their management in hyperglycemia-mediated neurodegeneration.

First report of Gilbertella persicaria causing soft rot in eggplant fruit in China

First report of Gilbertella persicaria causing soft rot in eggplant fruit in China

Stimulating Effect of Gamma Radiation on Some Active Compounds in Eggplant Fruits

A FIELD experiment was performed to study the effect of gamma irradiation (0.0, 50 and 100Gy) on growth parameters and bioactive compounds of different parts of eggplant. All growth parameters studied showed an increase when using a dose of 50Gy gamma rays. Also, 50Gy increased total phenolic contents (2.140, 4.039 and 2.965mg/g DW) for pulp, peel and whole fruits, respectively. A dose level at 50Gy increased flavonoid contents (0.835, 4.301 and 3.166mg/g DW) for pulp, peel and whole fruits, respectively. Moreover, tannin contents increased at a dose of 50Gy to (5.853, 7.94 and 7.79mg/g DW) for pulp, peel and whole fruits respectively; the highest contents were detected in peels followed by the whole fruits and the pulps. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of eggplant extracts varies according to the plant part. The antioxidant activity in the whole fruit was less than the peel and pulp while the highest antioxidant activity was in the peel. Otherwise, the amino acid and total soluble protein contents were higher in pulp in all treatments. Phenyl alanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme and polyphenol oxidase enzyme showed increases in their activities as gamma radiation increased to 50Gy, while increasing irradiation dose level to 100Gy reduces both enzyme activities. FT-IR showed the appearance and disappearance of function group in control and irradiated plants. Meanwhile, the results confirmed the presence of C-H stretching phenol (1020cm-1), alkane C-H blending (1450cm-1) and O-H stretching, lipid at (1450cm-1), and carbohydrate amino acids (3940.39cm-1) in eggplant plants different parts control and irradiated.

Aplikasi Pupuk Organik dan NPK untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dan Produksi Buah Terong Hijau

Abstract: Research has been conducted on the application of organic and NPK fertilizer to increase the growth and yield of green eggplant which aims to find out (1) the influence of organic fertilizer on vegetative growth and yield of Green eggplant, (2) the effect of NPK fertilizer on vegetative growth and yield of Green Eggplant, (3) the effect of interaction between organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer on vegetative growth and yield of Green Eggplant. A Factorial design was used which consisted of 2 factors. The first factor is the dose of organic fertilizer and the second factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer. The treatment of organic fertilizer consists of 4 levels, namely: P0 = without giving organic fertilizer (control), P1 = giving 0.5 kg organic fertilizer /1 m2 land, P2 = giving 1.0 kg organic fertilizer /1 m2 land, P3 = giving 1.5 kg organic fertilizer/1 m2 land. NPK fertilizer consists of 5 levels namely: N0 = without NPK fertilizer (control), N1 = giving 5 gr NPK fertilizer/plant, P2 = giving 10 gr NPK fertilizer/plant, P3 = giving 15 gr NPK fertilizer/plant, P4 = giving 20 gr NPK fertilizer/plant. Growth parameters were stem height and length of green eggplant leaves. Yield parameters were fruit length and green eggplant fruit weight. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the growth and yield of green eggplant. The application of NPK fertilizer has a significant effect on the growth and yield of green eggplant. The interaction of organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer did not significantly affect the growth and yield of green eggplant. Key Words: organic fertilizer; NPK fertilizer; growth and production of green eggplant.

Solanum aethiopicum gr. gilo and Its Interspecific Hybrid with S. melongena as Alternative Rootstocks for Eggplant: Effects on Vigor, Yield, and Fruit Physicochemical Properties of Cultivar ′Scarlatti′

Grafting is generally considered effective in ameliorating vegetable crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The use of interspecific hybrid as rootstock for eggplant may represent a valid alternative approach to enhance eggplant performance. However, studies on the effects of different rootstocks on eggplant plant vigor, yield, and fruit quality traits often show conflicting results. Thus, an experiment was performed in two spring–summer growing seasons (2014 and 2015) by grafting eggplant ′Scarlatti′ F1 hybrid on two accessions of S. aethiopicum gr. gilo and on the interspecific hybrid S. melongena × S. aehtiopicum gr. gilo in comparison to the most common eggplant rootstock S. torvum. Results indicate that S. melongena × S. aethiopicum gr. gilo interspecific hybrid and S. torvum improved grafting success, plant vigor, early flowering and yield in ′Scarlatti′ F1 scion. All rootstocks tested did not negatively influence fruit apparent quality traits and fruit quality composition. Moreover, fruit glycoalkaloids content remained below the recommended threshold value. These findings suggest that the use of S. melongena × S. aethiopicum gr. gilo interspecific hybrid as rootstock may be a good alternative to the most commonly used S. torvum.

Effect of eugenol fumigation treatment on chilling injury and CBF gene expression in eggplant fruit during cold storage

The effect of eugenol (EUG) on chilling injury (CI) to eggplant fruit (Solanum melongena L.) was investigated. Eggplant fruit were pre-treated with 25 μL/L EUG, and then stored at 4 °C for 12 days. Results showed that EUG fumigation treatment effectively retarded the CI development, reduced pulp browning, weight loss, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and sustained soluble solids content (SSC) and proline content. Moreover, the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) were inhibited by EUG. C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factors (CBF) genes are transcription factors playing a critical role in cold acclimation. To illuminate the molecular regulation of EUG on chilling tolerance in eggplant fruit, a 1151 bp SmCBF gene was identified and the effect of EUG on SmCBF expression was determined by RT-qPCR. EUG resulted in a higher SmCBF expression. These findings suggested that EUG treatment had potential effect on alleviating CI in eggplant fruit.

Characterization of eggplant grown in animal manure amended soil

ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted with native soil; sewage sludge (SS); horse manure (HM); chicken manure (CM); vermicompost, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer mixed with the native soil. The soil in each of the seven treatments was also mixed with biochar and planted with eggplant. Eggplant fruits were analyzed for vitamin C, total phenols, and soluble sugars. The number and weight of fruits obtained from inorganic treatments were not significantly different from those obtained from organic fertilizer. Concentrations of total phenols were greatest (28 µg g−1 fresh fruits) in fruits of plants grown in vermicompost mixed with biochar compared to SS and HM amendments. Vitamin C was greatest (265 µg g−1 fresh fruits) in fruits of plants grown in soil amended with biochar compared to all other amendments. Plants grown in CM amended soil were 62% and 67% greater in size compared to plants grown in SS-biochar or vermicompost-biochar amended soil, respectively.

Phosphate and potassium fertilization on agronomic and physico-chemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of eggplant

ABSTRACT Eggplant is a functional food rich in antioxidants and its consumption brings several benefits to human health. Phenolic compounds and anthocyanins are some of the compounds that interfere in this antioxidant capacity and may be influenced by the mineral nutrition of the plant. The objective was to analyze the effects of potassium and phosphate fertilization on the agronomic and physico-chemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of eggplant fruits. The work was carried out at the Taboquinha Farm, in the municipality of Baldim, MG, at coordinates 19º 17’ 12.5” S and 43º 54’ 01” W, from March to October 2017. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with four replicates. The factors under study were phosphorus and potassium represented by four doses of P2O5 (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1) and four doses of K2O (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha-1), respectively. It was concluded that potassium and phosphate fertilization did not improve the agronomic and physico-chemical characteristics of eggplant fruits; however, potassium fertilization in greater amounts promoted improvements in the contents of phenolic compounds. The lack of phosphorus increased the anthocyanin content in the fruits, but interfered negatively in their shape. Potassium and phosphate fertilizations produced antagonistic effects on fruit moisture content.

Occurrence of Anthracnose Disease of Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum) at Bunso, Eastern Region, Ghana

Aims: To identify the causal agent of anthracnose disease of Solanum torvum, determine whether the pathogen is seedborne and also to ascertain the cross infection potential of the pathogen on other Solanaceous crops of economic importance.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Bunso, in the East Akim District of the Eastern Region of Ghana, between January and October, 2017.&#x0D; Methodology: The disease symptoms on matured fruits, leaves, stems and flowers of Solanum torvum were carefully observed for documentation with magnifying glasses and the naked eyes. The pathogen was isolated on PDA after incubation for five days and the identification was based on the colony, morphology and conidial characteristics with reference to laboratory manuals. The virulence of the fungal isolates from the S. torvum fruits was determined through pathogenicity tests. A seed health test was conducted in accordance with the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) to determine whether the pathogen is seedborne. Conidial suspension of Colletotrichum acutatum (1×103 per ml) was used to inoculate pepper and eggplant fruits in a cross infectivity test.&#x0D; Results: Colletotrichum acutatum was repeatedly isolated and identified as the causal agent of the disease on the fruits and was also seedborne. In cross infectivity studies, the pathogen produced characteristic anthracnose symptoms on both eggplant and pepper which happens to belong to the same Solanaceae family just as the turkey berry. &#x0D; Conclusion: The anthracnose disease of Solanum torvum at Bunso, in the Eastern Region of Ghana is caused by Colletotrichum acutatum that has the potential to cross infect other Solanaceous species. This study is the first scientific report of the occurrence of anthracnose disease of S. torvum in Ghana.

Investigation and Measurement of Some Mineral and Vitamins in Eggplant Fruit Calyx, and the Possibility of Being Used As Food Supplements and Alternative Medicine

Food supplements are Plenty present in medicinal markets and have taken a great importance as they compensate for many of the minerals and vitamins lacking in human body, but most of them rely on introducing a chemicals substances in there composition without making an attention to their representation or its harmful effects in the body, this research has been interested in this regard and studied the components of eggplant calyx(cones) by confirming the existence of some minerals and vitamins with the identification of values and calibrated It, all these results has been compared with previous studies of these elements in edible part of the eggplant with mentioned of the daily recommended intake and the value of minerals and vitamins was greater than that in the edible part. So, this study shows the importance of these minerals and vitamins and links their presence with each other in influencing the health of the body and how it could protect it from certain diseases. Hence, we can say that this neglected and damaged eggplant calyx in our system Food is a natural and balanced food supplements, therefore this discovery will be important in the manufacture of dietary supplements

Phenolic distribution, antioxidant activity, and enzyme inhibitory properties of eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) cultivated in two different locations within Nigeria.

Solanum aethiopicum is commonly cultivated in Nigeria for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Although, information on the possible effect of location on the biological activities of S. aethiopicum has not been reported, however, present research work investigated the phenolic contents and distribution, antioxidative properties, and enzyme inhibitory activities of S. aethiopicum collected from two locations in Nigeria. HPLC phenolic profile, polyphenol contents, free radical scavenging activities, and inhibitory effect of eggplant extracts on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were carried out. Significant variations were observed in the phenolic profile, polyphenol contents, antioxidant activities, and enzymes inhibitory properties of the extracts from different locations. In most of the analyses carried out, extract of eggplant fruit collected from Uyo (UEF) showed higher activities than the one obtained from Ibadan (IEF). Thus, findings from this study revealed that geographical location may influence the phenolic contents, antioxidant, and enzymes inhibitory properties of eggplant fruits. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The geographical location of a particular place determines the nature and biological activities of plants cultivated in the area. Hence, we presented the effect of location on the phenolic profile, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties of eggplant fruit (S. aethiopicum) cultivated in two different locations in Nigeria. However, data generated in this study showed the effect of location on phenolic composition and biological activities of eggplant fruit cultivated in Nigeria.

Current perspectives on pollen cryopreservation in horticultural species

Cryopreserved pollen collections provide long-term security for wildflora, ornamentals, fruit and vegetable crops, medicinal herbs and endangered species. Technology has been developed for long-term cryopreservation of pollen in the form of nuclear genetic diversity (NGD) of mango, amla, pomegranate, jackfruit, guava, passion fruit, jamun, different species and cultivars of citrus, papaya (different species), grape, tomato, eggplant (Solanum gene pool), onion, capsicum, rose, gladiolus, gerbera, carnation and RET species of medicinal plants. Pollen collecting is usually done on a bright sunny day between 10-11 am. Pollen collections are subjected to viability indexing by germination in vitro by the hanging drop or cellophane techniques. Pollen samples are packed either in gelatin capsules or butter paper packets, sealed air tight in polyethylene aluminium laminated pouches and lowered into a canister of a cryoflask. The fertility of stored pollen is tested under field conditions through controlled pollination. The pollen cryobank is managed by periodic replenishment of the cryogen. With the recent advances in allied bio-scientific areas in which cryopreserved pollen could be used in general crosses, shuttle breeding maintenance of B line in male sterile based hybrid seed production. Security of male parent is also ensured in the cryobank. Pollen cryopreservation protocols developed for different horticultural species will be discussed in details.

Quality and Processing Characteristics of 'Mizu-Nasu' Eggplant Fruit

Quality and Processing Characteristics of 'Mizu-Nasu' Eggplant Fruit