Eggshell Research Articles

Pembuatan Tepung Telur Ayam (Gallus gallus. D) Asin Rebus

Chicken eggs are a food that is very rich in nutrients, including protein (12.8%) and fat (11.8%). The high levels of water, fat and protein in eggs can make them a good medium for bacterial growth. Quality deterioration in eggs can be prevented by using egg preservation methods, namely drying eggs into egg powder or flour. Chicken eggs are still very limited and inefficient processing to be used as salted egg flour. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the manufacture of boiled salted chicken egg flour (Gallus gallus. D). This research was conducted to study the making of boiled salted chicken egg flour and understand the characteristics by taking measurements on whole eggs, egg whites, and yolks using the proximate test method, measurement of fineness, and color test. This research was conducted using a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) model consisting of 6 testing factors (T) and (A), namely: T1 whole unsalted chicken eggs, T2 white unsalted chicken eggs, T3 yellow unsalted chicken eggs, A1 whole salted chicken eggs, A2 white salted chicken eggs, and A3 yellow salted chicken eggs. The research results of salted chicken egg flour making is a process that involves drying salted eggs and grinding them into flour form. The preparation of salted egg flour showed that the difference between regular chicken eggs and salted chicken eggs, which resulted, affected the proximate properties and had a noticeable impact on the nutritional composition and physical properties of the egg flour produced, while the moisture content was not significantly different. Keywords: Chicken Egg Flour, Egg Preservation, Proximate Properties, Salted Eggs.

후기구석기 오리나시안 문화와 복식에 관한 연구

This study aims to provide basic data for clothing education by exploring Aurinasian culture and its clothing practices. The content focuses on culture and clothing in the pre-Upper Paleolithic period, the characteristics of Arinasian culture, and Arinasian clothing. The study was conducted through a comprehensive literature review.
 The findings revealed that, first, pre-Upper Paleolithic cultures evolved into Oldowan, Acheulean, and Mousterian cultures based on stone tool development. In the case of clothing, Homo erectus used a waist cover, while Neanderthals wore capes and loose top and bottom garments. The evidence suggests that Neanderthals began coloring the human body and interior with fur coverings. Additionally, it was found that Homo sapiens wore accessories such as ostrich egg beads and shell necklaces as social symbols.
 Second, the Aurinacian culture, dating between 43,000 and 24,000 years ago, marked the initial stage of the Upper Paleolithic and spanned mainly from Western Europe to Siberia. This period was marked by cultural innovation, featuring advanced stone and bone tools as well as exquisite artworks like the Chauvet Cave paintings, the first Venus and flute, and the Lion Man.
 Third, Arinasian clothing is presumed to be based on leather for both men and women, with coloring, fringe, and bead decoration. Men wore pullover shirts and pants, while women wore simple dresses. Jewelry items included pendants, beads, ivory rings, and necklaces made of animal teeth or shells. Accessories were found to have not only aesthetic value but also served as expressive symbols representing group membership, social status, and wealth.
 The study suggests that the Aurinacian period was characterized by transitioning toward a clothing concept that introduced decorations to simple clothes. Moreover, this era marked the establishment of clothing as a social symbol, reflecting not only belonging but also status and wealth.

Misconceptions and their influence on chicken egg consumption pattern, buying behavior and attitudes among the urban and rural communities in Western Province of Sri Lanka

Misconceptions and their influence on chicken egg consumption pattern, buying behaviour, and attitudes among the urban and rural communities in Western province of Sri Lanka were investigated. A total of 690 respondents representing Colombo, Gampaha, and Kalutara districts were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. Chi-square analysis and the descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. According to the results, 67.1% of respondents believed that the village chicken eggs are more nutritious than the commercial chicken eggs. The majority (95.4%) did not accept the fact that the brown eggs are nutritionally sound than the white shelled eggs. Of the total respondents, 46.2% trusted that the daily consumption of chicken eggs can lead to hypercholesterolemia and increases the risk of cardiac disorders. Information derived from the general public and social media were identified as the main sources of the misconceptions discussed. In conclusion, of all misconceptions tested two misconceptions: (1) the eggs from village chicken are nutritious than the commercial chicken eggs and (2) the chicken eggs when consumed daily can increase the risk of cardiac disorders, do exists. The study further concluded that the majority of the participants are willing to change their attitudes if it is guaranteed that both the village and commercial chicken eggs are coequally nutritious, and both white and brown eggs are safe to eat daily, infertile, and coequally nutritious.

Sosialisasi Pemanfaatan Pupuk Organik Campuran Limbah Cangkang Telur Ayam Dan Rendaman Kulit Bawang Merah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabe (Capsicum Annum L.) Di Desa Sawah, Air Tiris, Kampar

Sawah Village is one of the villages in North Kampar District, Kampar Regency, Riau. Most of the village community's occupations are farmers and housewives. Based on the results of interviews, there is household waste that is wasted and there is a lack of knowledge about the use of household waste. Therefore, there is a need for information through guidance in training for the community regarding the use of waste in their environment. This service activity aims to guide and train the community in utilizing household waste, especially egg shells and shallot skins. This activity hopes that the community will be able to make organic fertilizer independently by utilizing household waste in the form of egg shells and onion skins and can be applied to plants cultivated at home. Apart from that, organic fertilizer increases innovation, creativity and economic value for the community, especially representatives of PKK women from Sawah Village, Air Tiris, Kampar.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Applications of Avian Egg Shell Membrane: A Comprehensive Review

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Applications of Avian Egg Shell Membrane: A Comprehensive Review

Non-IgE-mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergy in Children: Our Foods and Atopy Patch Test

Background: Food allergy (FA) is an increasing health problem in children. Previous studies have reported conflicting results about the diagnostic value of atopy patch test in food allergies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of atopy patch test in identifying non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal FA to pasteurized/homogenized cow›s milk, heated raw cow›s milk, white and yolk egg, soy, wheat, walnut, sesame, pistachio, almond, peanut, date and cumin which are popular food ingredients in southern Iran. Methods: This study was performed on children with gastrointestinal allergic problems who were not improved after at least 4 weeks of cow’s milk protein elimination. Atopy patch test (APT) was performed and the elimination diet was considered according to positive skin results and after resolving symptoms, introduction of each accused food was done sequentially. Results: Fifty tree children under 7 years old with mean age of 19.6 months underwent APT and the results were verified by open oral food challenge (OFC). Sensitivity in the range of 59%-95%, specificity of 80.7-92.8%, positive predictive values of 75-96.4% and negative predictive value of 23%-80.7% were calculated depending on the type of food. Compared to the heated raw cow’s milk, the pasteurized/homogenized cow’s milk reaction was significant. Conclusion: APT can be included in the diagnostic workup of non-IgE-mediated GI allergy because it is safe and has great accuracy. However, several aspects require further investigation especially to enable the standardization of the technique. We should be aware of the allergenicity of our foods due to processing and geographic region.

FLUCTUATIONS AND VOLATILITY OF WHITE EGGS CONSUMER PRICES IN THE MEXICO VALLEY

Objective: To develop a time series model and analyze the characteristic fluctuations of the average white eggs consumer prices in the Mexico Valley (AWECP), quantifying the seasonal and cyclical fluctuations of said prices. Design/methodology/approach: A Moving Average Time Series Smoothing method was used to reduce the variation of a data set, and separate cyclical, seasonal, and OLS variations to calculate the trend line. Results: The Seasonal Component (SC) indicates that in autumn-winter the AWECP is volatile above the annual average by 6.3 % while in spring-summer it declines by 9.13 % on average. The price volatility is largely explained by external factors and the biological process of poultry animals throughout one year. The cyclical component (CC) was 34 months and occurs irregularly. Limitations on study/implications: This research focused on finding the SC, T, and CC, but not their respective indices. To make short-term forecasts, it is necessary to calculate the indices and compare them to other time series analysis methodologies. Findings/conclusions: The analysis of the AWECP in the Mexico Valley indicates the presence of SC and an upward CC trend in the time series. The AWECP volatility has harmful effects on the basic basket of the middle and lower-class population in the Mexico Valley given that this food is the most complete, cheap, and accessible source of animal protein in the Mexican market.

The Effect of Providing Chicken Manure and Chicken Egg Shell Powder on the Growth and Yield of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Plant

This study aims to determine the growth response and production of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). provision of chicken manure and chicken eggshell powder. This research was conducted in Blang Cirih Village, Peusangan Siblah Krueng District, Bireuen Regency, taking place from July to September 2023. The method used in this study was a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors and 3 repetitions. The first factor is the application of chicken manure which consists of 4 levels, namely A0 = control (without chicken manure), Al = 150 grams/polybag, A2 = 300 grams/polybag and A3 = 450 grams/polybag. The second factor was giving chicken egg shell powder which consisted of 4 levels, namely C0 = control (without chicken egg shell powder), C1 = 60 grams/polybag, C2 = 80 grams/polybag and C3 = 100 grams/polybag. Parameters observed were plant height, number of productive branches, fruit number, fruit diameter, fruit weight and fruit weight per plant. The results showed that the application of chicken manure affected all observed parameters and the administration of chicken egg shell powder affected all observed parameters, but did not affect the number of harvest I fruit. The treatment interaction had a significant effect on plant height at 45 HST, weight fruit and fruit diameter harvest I. The best application of chicken manure was found in treatment A3 450 grams/polybag and the best application of chicken egg shell powder was found in treatment C3 100 grams/polybag to increase the growth and yield of tomato plants.

Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Poultry Feed, Water, and Eggshell

Poultry is the most important source of proteins forconsumption. Egg shell and drinking water contributes significantly to the spread of viral, bacterial, and protozoan infections in poultry. A total of 150 samples from poultry feed (feeders n=25, feed bags n=25), water (water tanks n=25, drinkers n=25), and eggshell (n=50) were collected from ten layer farms of district Tando Allahyar. Overall results showed that higher 52% bacterial infection was recorded from the poultry feed, 42% was recorded from water samples while the lowest prevalence recorded from the eggshell 32%. The isolated bacterial species were E. coli, Salmonellatyphi, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. In poultry feed, a higher prevalence percentage of E. coli(16%) was recorded, followed by S. sonnei (14%), S.typhi(8%), S. aureus (8%),P. mirabilis (6%), and K. pneumonia (4%). In water, a higher prevalence of E. coli(12%) was recorded, followed by S. aureus (14%),S.typhi(11%), S. sonnei (11%), P. mirabilis (4%), and K. pneumonia (2%). In eggshells, a higher prevalence of E. coli(10%) was recorded followed by S. typhi(6%), S. sonnei (6%), S. aureus (6%), K. pneumonia (2%), and P. mirabilis (2%). E. coli species were susceptible to Tetracycline and Streptomycin. Salmonella typhi was susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline. Shigella sonnei was susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, and Tetracycline.Klebsiella pneumonia was susceptible to Streptomycin and Gentamicin.Proteus mirabilis was susceptible to Streptomycin and Gentamicin.Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Gentamicin and Erythromycin. In conclusion higher (52%) bacterial infection was recorded from the poultry feed,(42%) was recorded from water samples and the lowest prevalence was recorded from the eggshell (32%). It is concluded from the present study that bacterial contamination of E. coli, S. typhi, S. sonnei, K. pneumonia, P. mirabilis, S. aureus is common in poultry feed, water, and eggshell.

Средства биологической защиты, повышающие резистентность к радиации

The article describes various means of biological protection against radiation exposure, i.e., pharmacological substances and food additives that increase the overall resistance to adverse environmental factors. Effective radioresistance agents are safe and multiplex. They cause no side effects and possess favorable tolerability. For instance, chicken egg shells are a natural source of calcium that can serve as a biological agent against strontium-90. Green tea extract with milk can reduce the availability of strontium and cesium radionuclides.

Impact of Alkaline Immersion Time on Nano-Hydroxyapatite Synthesis from Broiler Eggshells with Electrochemical Method Using Constant Direct Current (CDC)

Calcium phosphate is widely used in biomaterials, especially as a bone substitute. One of the calcium phosphate compounds that is widely used is hydroxyapatite. In biomedical applications, nano-sized hydroxyapatite particles have better bioactivity than coarse crystals. Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized from various sources of calcium and phosphate. Broiler eggshells were chosen as a source of calcium in this study because they have a relatively high calcium content. The method used in the synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite in this research is the electrochemical method. This research aims to examine the effect of varying NaOH immersion time on the size and structure of calcium phosphate particles produced using an electrochemical method made from chicken egg shells. The synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite from chicken egg shells was carried out in 4 stages: material preparation, electrolysis, precipitate immersion, and characterization. Nanometer-sized particles can be acquired through an immersion process lasting at least four hours, and it is observed that the longer the duration of immersion, the greater the resemblance of the resulting structure to hydroxyapatite.

Carnauba Wax Applied to the Shell Surface of Chicken Eggs Improved the Shelf Life and Internal Quality of the Eggs

The egg is a nutrient-rich food, essential for human health, containing proteins, vitamins, and minerals. However, it is perishable and begins to lose internal quality shortly after being laid. The quality of eggs deteriorates due to the loss of water and carbon dioxide, which is more pronounced at higher temperatures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coating eggs with a semi-solid product formulated with carnauba wax on the preservation and internal quality of eggs during a 28-day storage period at room temperature. 144 white eggs from 50-week-old hens were used, divided into three groups: eggs coated with carnauba wax, eggs coated with mineral oil (positive control), and a control group without coating (negative control). The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the comparison of means through the Tukey test at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05), using the statistical program SISVAR. Eggs coated with carnauba wax showed less weight loss throughout the storage period, lower pH in both the yolk and albumen, higher yolk index and higher Haugh Unit compared to uncoated eggs and eggs coated with mineral oil. This suggests a significant improvement in the quality of coated eggs. Therefore, the use of carnauba wax coating can be an effective solution for extending the shelf life and preserving the quality of eggs, especially in regions where refrigerated storage cannot be guaranteed.

Enhancing the Durability of Green Concrete through the Utilization of Nano-sized Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Nano-sized Eggshell Powder

Concrete is often regarded as a material representing robustness and long-lasting properties in contemporary society. The manufacture and utilization of cement are responsible for environmental contamination. Green concrete, often known as GC, has been increasingly recognized as a key material in the global concrete industry. Palm Oil Ash (POA) is a significant Lightweight Aggregate (LA) used in GC. Palm Oil (PO) processing generates POA as a by-product, which is thrown out in open areas and landfills without treatment, leading to environmental degradation. The pozzolanic activity is enhanced by grinding POA to nanoparticles, known as NPOA. Egg Shells (ES) are a type of biowaste that originates from eateries. They are deposited in landfills, producing toxic gases and inflicting environmental harm. Nano-sized ES Powder (NESP) contains a significant quantity of calcium oxide, which is crucial for hydration in concrete formation. Also, POA can serve as a fractional replacement for cement in concrete. This paper offers a study that utilized NPOA to improve the subpar performance of LA for GC produced with POA aggregate. The study involved replacing a portion of the cement with NPOA at 5%, 10%, and 15% ratios. Additionally, NESP was used as an admixture at a ratio of 1.5% to produce green concrete in cubes and cylinders. The concrete samples (in the shape of cubes and cylinders) are exposed to a curing process for 7, 14, and 28 days, respectively. Afterward, these samples are examined to evaluate their performance and measure their strength. The Conventional concrete is produced using an M20 grade mix. It is then compared to GC, both with and without NPOA concrete, using cube and cylinder models.

Major dietary patterns and sleep quality in relation to overweight/obesity among school children: A case-control study.

Childhood overweight/obesity is increasing worldwide. There is evidence on the role of dietary patterns (DPs) and sleep quality on body weight in adults, but studies on the association of major DPs, sleep quality and overweight/obesity among school-age children are scarce, so the present study was done to shade a light on the subject. This study was a case-control study, conducted on school-age (7-13 years) children. Cases were healthy children who had a body mass index (BMI) percentile of≥85th for age and sex (n=102). Sex-matched children with a BMI percentile between 5th and 85th were considered as control group (n=102). Dietary data were collected using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between DPs, sleep quality, and overweight/obesity. Three DPs were identified: "Low-energy healthy", "High-energy healthy" and "Unhealthy diet". Adherence to the first and second DPs was associated with 51%-62% lower odds of overweight/obesity (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.24-0.97, and 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15-0.94, respectively, P<0.050). However, we found no significant association for the third DP with overweight/obesity. Furthermore, there was no significant association between sleep quality/duration and overweight/obesity. The interactions of DPs and sleep quality/duration with overweight/obesity were not significant. Eating a diet high in white meats, eggs, vegetables, fruits and juices, nuts, dairy products, whole grains, and low in refined grains and snacks is associated with a lower likelihood of overweight/obesity in children. This inverse association does not depend on sleep quality/duration.

Synthesis of Calcium Fluoride from Discarded Egg Shell - A Potential Solid Lubricant

Solid lubricant is an environment-friendly alternative to liquid lubricants, which can be applied in extreme environmental conditions like high temperature and pressure where liquid lubricants fail. In this work, an attempt was made to synthesize calcium fluoride, a solid lubricant material from scrap eggshell powder by using the ion exchange method. The prepared eggshell powder was treated with 40% concentric hydrofluoric acid and was manually mixed using a mortar and pestle. The synthesized CaF2 powder was characterized by using SEM and XRD. The degree of Crystallinity was calculated from the XRD data by using Origin Pro and Excel software. The Crystallinity of the prepared CaF2 powder was found to be 78.01%. The crystal size of the synthesized CaF2 powder was calculated using Scherer’s formula. The crystal size was found to be between 9–22 nm ranges. The synthesized calcium fluoride XRD intensity peaks were matching exactly with the JCPDS card of the standard CaF2 powder, confirming the presence of CaF2.

Ooencyrtus mirus (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae), discovered in Europe parasitizing eggs of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)

Ooencyrtus mirus Triapitsyn &amp; Power (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) is recorded for the first time in Europe. It was found parasitising eggs of the invasive true bug Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). This parasitoid is part of the Ooencyrtus telenomicida species complex where accurate species identification requires molecular data. Using morphology, the identification of the Ooencyrtus species parasitising brown marmorated stink bug eggs in Greece is ambiguous, but the sequences of the standard DNA barcode region (COI) and ITS2 place them in O. mirus.

Removal of imipramine hydrochloride with natural and recycled adsorbents from aqueous solutions: effect of surfactants on the adsorption characteristics of pharmaceutically active compounds

In this study, the adsorption properties of an amphiphilic cationic drug imipramine hydrochloride (IMP) on natural and recycled adsorbents, such as bentonite (BENT), Fuller’s earth (FE), and the eggshell (ES) in the aqueous medium has been aimed to report by means of absorption spectrophotometry. The adsorption of IMP has also been studied in the presence of cationic (dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide; DTAB) and anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS) surfactants to clearly understand and identify the adsorption characteristics of IMP in different environments. Therefore, the association of IMP with surfactants has also been conducted using both absorption spectrophotometry and surface tension measurements to gain more information on the adsorption characteristics of IMP on BENT, FE, and ES. Micellar binding constants of IMP to SDS and DTAB micelles were calculated using the Benesi–Hildebrand Equation to ensure a more particular comparison of the effect of surfactants on the adsorption features of IMP. Additionally, the interfacial parameters Gibbs surface excess (Γ max) and the minimum area occupied by IMP (A min) were estimated in the case of DTAB and SDS. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm equations were applied to the adsorption of IMP on natural adsorbents. Depending on their structure, the presence of surfactants in the environment diminished or completely inhibited the adsorption of IMP on all-natural adsorbents studied with the exception of IMP adsorption on FE in the presence of SDS monomers in the medium where the adsorption quantity increased significantly.

Application of Organic Fertilizer Pellets from Egg Shell Waste in Spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L)

Egg shells are household waste that is very easy to find. Egg shells or egg shells can also come from waste disposal of laying hens. So far, there is a lot of egg shell waste by martabak sellers in Surabaya. The lack of public knowledge and insight regarding the use of eggshell waste causes this waste to pollute the environment. This study aims to determine the interaction between the application of organic fertilizer eggshell waste pellets and the dose of urea fertilizer used and its effect on the growth and yield of spinach plants. This research was conducted from mey to june 2022 at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya. This experiment was carried out using a randomized block design consisting of two treatment factors, namely POPe of eggshell waste (P) and dose of urea (K). This treatment was repeated three times with P0 (without POPe treatment), POPe treatment of eggshell waste consisting of P1 (9 gr POPe), P2 (18 gr POPe), P3 (27 gr POPe) and K0 (without urea dose), dose urea K1 fertilization (3.2 gr urea). The results showed that the use of POPe and urea on spinach plants had no significant effect on any observed parameters.

PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK TELUR AYAM DI PETERNAK KAMPUNG NEGLARASA MENGGUNAKAN METODE SEVEN TOOLS KOMBINASI DENGAN METODE SIX SIGMA

Quality controlimplemented to achieve established standards. Research conductedon chicken egg production by analyzing product defects and factors the cause. This research aims to determine the level of disability and what only the factors that cause product defects to minimize the level of defects in Subsequent production uses 2 methods, namely the Seven Tools and Six Methods Sigma was used in this research. Seven Tools results showed that the dominant type of defect occurred in white eggs (46%). Factors causing disability based on the fishbone diagram include: environment, people, methods and raw materials. In the Six Sigma Method the results are value The current DPMO for the livestock process in Neglarasa Village is production 1,000,000 units, then there is a possibility of defects of 294.72 items. And the sigma value on this farm is currently 3.77. So it can be seen that the quality control carried out is not optimal because the perfect sigma value is 6.

Treatment and recovery of phosphate from submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent using thermally treated biowaste and powder activated carbon

This study presents a novel treatment system using a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) followed by adsorption onto thermally treated biowaste, and ending with a final treatment using powdered activated carbon (PAC). Despite limited phosphate and ammonium ion removal during SAnMBR operation, thermally treated eggshell (EGSL) and seagrass (SG) received SAnMBR effluent and enhanced phosphate recovery, achieving removal rates of 71.8–99.9% and 60.5–78.0%, respectively. The SAnMBR achieved an 85% COD removal, which was slightly reduced further by biowaste treatment. However, significant further reductions in COD to 20.2 ± 5.2 mg/L for EGSL effluent and 57.0 ± 13.3 mg/L for SG effluent were achieved with PAC. Phytotoxicity tests showed the SAnMBR effluent after PAC treatment notably improved seed growth compared to untreated wastewater. In addition, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were significantly reduced in the system, including common wastewater contaminants such as dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, phenol, p-cresol, nonanal, and decanal. Fractionation analysis of the solid fraction, post-adsorption from both synthetic and domestic wastewater, indicated that for SG, 77.3%–94% of the total phosphorus (TP) was inorganically bound, while for EGSL, it ranged from 94% to 95.3%. This study represents the first attempt at a proof-of-concept for simultaneous treatment of domestic wastewater and phosphorus recovery using this integrated system.