Peace Efforts Research Articles

The Stabilizing Role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Afghanistan

Terrorism is one of the main reasons contributing to Afghanistan's insecurity. The fragile peace in Afghanistan has given terrorist groups much freedom to manoeuvre and grow. These situations require the countries in the region to assume greater responsibility to stabilise the country. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) member states and Afghanistan relations are based on historical friendship and shared interests. The SCO's involvement in Afghanistan is facilitated by the common interests of Pakistan, China, Russia, and other neighbouring countries. The withdrawal of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) from Afghanistan gave the SCO more room to advance in Afghanistan. This article highlights the concrete steps that the SCO has taken to stabilise Afghanistan, as well as the interests of member countries and their peace efforts. In this study, the theories of the Regional Security Complex Theory and Liberal Institutionalism were used. The current economic crisis and political disruption following NATO's withdrawal from Afghanistan highlight the role of the SCO in the situation. Collaboration to boost Afghanistan's economy and growth would be beneficial. Reconstruction, development, governance, and humanitarian assistance are not only the responsibility of the countries in the region but also of the international community and organizations. The economic crisis and the rapid international recognition of the Taliban pose great challenges to the SCO.

A Critical Study of Matthew 18:15-18 in New Testament Greek and Selected Akan Mother-Tongue Translations: Implication for Peace-Making in Ghana

Recent global research reveals a world characterised by increasing fragmentation, diminished peace, and mounting risks for future generations. Diverse conflicts, ranging from familial to national issues, persist, even among individuals sharing the same faith. In Africa, nations like Cote d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, the Central African Republic, and Sierra Leone grapple with severe consequences of conflicts. In Ghana, pockets of ethnic discord impact education, healthcare, and social services, prompting the emigration of skilled professionals. Despite ongoing peace efforts in Ghana, effective approaches are crucial. With over 70% of Ghanaians identifying as Christians, contextualising peace-making within sacred texts becomes imperative. In this exploration, the study delves into a biblical approach, specifically scrutinising Matthew 18:15–18 through exegetical analysis in Greek language and mother-tongue hermeneutics. These approaches reveal a convergence between the biblical author’s original meaning conveyed in the Greek language and its interpretation in the mother tongue. The paper advocates private conflict resolution to avoid gossip, involving witnesses if needed and church leaders if the issue persists. Disciplinary measures may be necessary, emphasising personal dignity and adherence to God’s will. The paper significantly contributes to conflict resolution knowledge, providing valuable insights for fostering peace in Ghana and beyond.

Resolving the Palestine-Israel Conflict: The Role and Challenges for the United Nations

The conflict between Israel and Palestine has become an important issue in international politics. International organizations such as the United Nations (UN) are trying to resolve this conflict through various resolutions and peace efforts. However, various factors, including differences in views, the influence of the Jewish lobby in the United States, and political obstacles, have hindered significant progress. Israel's separation wall in the West Bank has also become the focus of international legal debate and contention. This article presents an overview of the UN's role in resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the impact of its policies. The UN, especially the Security Council, has a central role in maintaining international peace, but the difficulties in dealing with these conflicts reveal its limitations.

TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS THAT CAUSE DEATH AT LHOKSEUMAWE POLICE STATION ISLAMIC CRIMINAL LAW PERSPECTIVE

Traffic accidents, a problem that is rife in various developed countries and developing countries, especially such as in Indonesia, can be said to be frequent and even many traffic violations. Many people consider that problems and safety when traffic is a trivial matter without thinking about the impact of the actions they doTraffic accidents, is a problem that is rife in various developed and developing countries, especially such as in Indonesia, it can be said that there are often even many traffic violations. Throughout 2022, the number of traffic accidents in the Lhokseumawe Police Station area increased more than the previous year, which was 110 cases. An increase of approximately 143 cases remains a large number with 77 deaths, 6 serious injuries and 268 minor injuries. So that alternative solutions in Lakalantas cases are often resolved using alternative Mediation outside the court (Restorative Justice) through a peace process carried out by both parties, this is in accordance with Islamic Law which prioritizes the best solution, namely the peace agreement of both parties to resolve disputes with peace efforts. The results of the research conducted are known that the application of restorative justice to traffic accidents that cause death at the Lhokseumawe Police Station Islamic Criminal Law Perspective is guided by Law No.22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, and also Police Regulation No.8 of 2021 concerning Handling Criminal Acts Based on Restorative Justice. Where the two agreed to settle disputes with the Restorative Justice system through mediation. Because in the case of the accident, there is no intentional element so that the settlement of the case can be resolved in a familial manner. Islamic Penal Law holds that the Restorative Justice system is related to the concept of forgiveness or the concept of Al-Afwu. By going through the process of Islah or Al-Shulhu which is the process of solving things by familial means. In accordance with the meaning of Islah which means "to fix" in this case the case, and aims to achieve peace. In accordance with the concept of Al-Shulhu.

Peace Reporting: Intra-afghan Dialogue and Role of Media

John Gatling's model of journalism has been applied to coverage of newspaper reports on peace in Afghanistan in three leading English newspapers: the New York Times, Outlook Afghanistan, and the Daily Dawn. As an important pillar of the state, the media plays an important role in resolving disputes through its news reporting. By shaping it, they shape and edit people's opinions. In this way, the media is a powerful tool for shaping the nation's policy in international communication. So, the social responsibility theory of the press is discussed in this regard. The purpose of this study is to explore the coverage pattern of "terrorism and the ongoing war in Afghanistan" through print media in the framework of peace. News from three major newspapers shows that the coverage of the war and peace efforts in Afghanistan is dominated by the framework of peace journalism. Each story was coded for Peace Journalism as modeled by John Gatling. The three salient features of peace journalism that have been observed are the unbiased approach, the multidisciplinary approach, and the avoiding evil language. All three newspapers were objective and reported in their entire context. Most of the time, newspapers' approach was to resolve disputes rather than to direct them.

Factors that Cause the Occurrence of Violent Crimes Against Children

This research aims to investigate factors that cause the occurrence of violent crimes against children. The data obtained in this research analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive approach (descriptive research) to describe the data obtained, then interpretation and conclusions provided. The results of the research found that Lack of supervision by parents, lack of awareness of children to resolve problems through deliberation, many groups of children are emerging. Meanwhile, efforts made by the police to tackle violent crimes against children in Bone Regency include: Guidance, Peace Efforts, Counseling, Patrols. Providing education to families about the importance of monitoring children so that their children do not become victims of crime or perpetrators of crime. Providing continuous legal education considering the important role of society in preventing crime, especially violent crimes against children.

Study of Gandhian ideology and its main Principles

The life and teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, a towering figure in the history of civil rights, nonviolent resistance, and social justice, can be better understood via the study of Gandhian ideology and its fundamental principles. This article presents an in-depth analysis of Gandhi's political philosophy, delving into its fundamental tenets such as nonviolence (ahimsa), truth (satyagraha), self-reliance (swadeshi), welfare for all (sarvodaya), equality, simplicity, decentralisation of power, constructive work, fearlessness, and cleanliness. This research sheds insight on the ongoing legacy of Gandhian ideology by examining the historical context in which these ideas developed, how they were applied in the movement for Indian independence, and how they continue to be relevant in modern global efforts for justice and peace. The ideology of Mahatma Gandhi serves as a timelessly relevant source of motivation for people and movements committed to social reform. It provides a road map for ethical leadership, conflict resolution, and the quest of a world that is more equal and compassionate.

Rethinking the role of community media in conflict transformation and peacebuilding

AbstractWhereas much has been written about the role community media plays in peacebuilding, emphasis is often put on participatory media models as key determinants of peace or conflict sustainability. Little is known, however, about the conditions under which such media increase or impede peace efforts due to the complex nature of conflict. Moreover, how, when, and by whom such media can be tailored to offer favorable conditions for peacebuilding at the community level remain largely unanswered questions. This article draws from Howard's (An Operational Framework for Media and Peacebuilding, IMPACS, 2002) typology of media interventions, issue‐framing framework, and conflict transformation approach to probe the prospects of community media agency in peacebuilding at the community level. It argues that the way conflict narratives are produced, negotiated, and consumed across time and space is what provides individuals or groups with incentives for conflict or trade‐offs for peace irrespective of the stage at which a given conflict manifests itself. Overall, the reflections presented are conceptual and are intended to generate theoretical and methodological discussions around the role of community media in conflict transformation and peacebuilding at the community level.

Legal Reconstruction of Peaceful Settlement Regulation on Simple Lawsuit Based on Justice Values

The regulation of the mechanism for settling minor or simple lawsuits is done through conciliation efforts in Article 14 letter (b) PERMA Number 2 of 2015 has regulated that Judges must play an active role in seeking to settle cases peacefully but do not regulate the form of conciliation efforts and there is an overlapping role of the Judge as examiner of cases and as a mediator who has not achieved justice for the parties. The aim of the research is to analyze the weaknesses of conciliation efforts in resolving simple tort cases in Indonesia currently and to reconstruct peace efforts in resolving simple tort cases based on fairness values using a constructivist paradigm with empirical research and a socio-legal approach. Analysis of research data in a qualitative descriptive manner where the location of the research was the Batang District Court and the Pasuruan District Court. The results of the research show that the Weaknesses in conciliation efforts in resolving simple lawsuits are that the form of conciliation is not regulated and the overlapping role of the Judge as examiner of cases and as a facilitator/mediator. Therefore a legal Reconstruction is needed in Article 14 letter (b) PERMA Number 2 of 2015 where Judges are no longer required to play an active role but Judges seek peace through negotiations and oblige the parties to negotiate during the first trial and report the results to the examining Judge of the case to realize justice for the parties.

Penerapan Keadilan Restoratif Pada Tindak Pidana Ringan di Kejaksaan Negeri Yogyakarta

Restorative justice practices are used to resolve criminal cases with minor or minor losses that do not have to be resolved through court but can be resolved at the Police and Prosecutor's Office stages. The resolution of the case can be carried out in a fair and balanced manner for the victim and the perpetrator, which is achieved through restorative justice by prioritizing restoration to its original state and improving community relations. Based on this, this article will discuss further the application of restorative justice to minor crimes at the Yogyakarta District Prosecutor's Office. This research uses a normative empirical method which refers to secondary data originating from the law and primary data originating from interviews with informants. The data processing process is carried out systematically and logically and processed in order to get a concise picture. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the failure factor in implementing restorative justice at the Yogyakarta Police or Police level is caused by the parties attending the mediation meeting, but not proposing and/or not responding to the results of the agreement, one of the parties violating the agreement and community factors that have not removed the stigma of crime. what the perpetrator did. The resolution of minor crimes through restorative justice at the Yogyakarta District Prosecutor's Office is carried out with peace efforts by the Public Prosecutor so that an agreement is reached between the suspect and the victim.

THE DYNAMICS OF SUDAN’S ARMED CONFLICT: INTERROGATING THE RELEVANCE OF POWER SHARING ALONG ETHNIC LINES AS A PANACEA FOR PEACE

Sudan has experienced decades of armed conflict marked by ethnic, regional, and political divisions. This study delves into the multifaceted dynamics of Sudan's armed conflict, focusing on the role and relevance of power-sharing agreements as a potential avenue for conflict resolution and sustainable peace. A comprehensive analysis of historical data, including conflict timelines, peace agreements, and socio-political factors, was conducted. The study reveals that Sudan's armed conflict is deeply rooted in historical grievances, economic disparities, and ethnic tensions. Power-sharing agreements have been recurrent features of peace efforts, with varying degrees of success. These agreements often aim to distribute political power among different factions, including rebel groups and the central government. While some have contributed to temporary ceasefires, the sustainability of peace remains challenging due to underlying structural issues and contentious interpretations of power-sharing provisions. The study concludes that the dynamics of Sudan's armed conflict are multifaceted and deeply entrenched, demanding a nuanced approach to peacebuilding. Power-sharing agreements offer a relevant but imperfect mechanism for conflict resolution. For lasting peace, they must be part of a broader strategy that addresses historical grievances and structural inequalities, fostering an inclusive and stable political environment.

Yemen's Survival Quandary: The Compounding Effects of Conflict and Climate Obstruction

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to conflict and instability worldwide, including in conflict-ridden Yemen. The article hypothesizes that the complex relationship between conflict and climate action obstruction in Yemen is mutually reinforcing, thus, forming a vicious cycle. Yemen already faces many difficulties, including a lack of food and water, displaced people, and a deteriorating economy, all of which have been made worse by the conflict. Climate change could make these issues worse, resulting in more competition for resources and greater tensions between groups. The ongoing conflict in Yemen has been impeding climate action, increasing the state's prospects of climate change-induced conflict in the future. The article highlights the risk of neglecting the consideration of climate change in decision-making and peace efforts in Yemen. Our findings underscore the dire necessity to equip Yemen to include climate action in state-level peace efforts to break the self-reinforcing vicious cycle.

Leveraging digital methods in the quest for peaceful futures: the interplay of sincere and subjunctive technology affordances in peace mediation

ABSTRACT Efforts to support the resolution of armed conflicts through the facilitation of peace negotiations and dialogues increasingly involve digital technologies. While traditionally perceived as a human-centered activity, peace mediation now commonly entails information- and data-driven methods to enhance talks, support the analysis of conflict stakeholder needs and interests, and ground mediation efforts in better evidence. Digital technologies also promise to make peace efforts more future-oriented by helping to predict or anticipate upcoming developments, build scenarios, and increase readiness for emerging challenges. However, little is known about how such methods can be employed in dialogue and negotiation settings, where participants may have subjective and incompatible views on the conflict context, and more data and evidence don’t necessarily help to determine what a more peaceful future could look like. Through a qualitative study of the use of digitally enhanced dialogue efforts in Yemen and Libya, we demonstrate that future-oriented peacemaking requires the balancing of ‘sincere’ technology affordances that encourage an engagement with the past and present reality of conflict, with ‘subjunctive’ technology affordances that encourage an engagement with possible futures that are more peaceful. In practice, this requires combining data- and evidence-generating methods concerned with the world ‘as is’ with data analysis and visualization methods concerned with how the world ‘should’ or ‘could’ be. Our findings have implications for the study of digital methods in the facilitation of contentious political processes where the provision of data and evidence may create hurting deadlocks.

Penerapan Restorative Justice Sebagai Mekanisme Penyelesaian Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga Di Kejaksaan Negeri Bukittinggi

The purpose of this study was to find out the implementation, constraints and efforts to resolve the crime of domestic violence at the Bukittinggi State Prosecutor's Office in accordance with the Bukittinggi Police report letter No.Lp/B/254/X/2022/SPKT/Bukittinggi Police/Polda West Sumatra. The research method used is the empirical juridical method and the type of research that the authors conducted was qualitative research. The primary data in this study was data collection through interviews, where in this data collection the authors conducted question and answer directly to the informants. Secondary data in this research is by collecting data through document studies from both books and journals. In essence, restorative justice is regulated in Law No. 23 of 2004, Attorney General Regulation No. 15 of 2020 and Law No. 11 of 2021. In Attorney General Regulation No. 15 of 2020 it is explained that the conditions for restorative justice to occur are that the suspect has committed a crime for the first time, has an amicable note, criminal acts in prison cannot be more than 5 years, losses incurred are no more than Rp. 2.5 Million. In the research that the authors conducted, the results of this study showed that there were no peaceful efforts from the defendant or the victim, so that the defendant was processed by law with a verdict that the defendant was given a prison sentence of 1 month and 8 days.

Peace Efforts of Women: An Asian Perspective

Peace Efforts of Women: An Asian Perspective

Attacking the grid: Lessons from a guerrilla conflict and efforts for peace in Colombia: 1990–2018

Colombia has suffered a decades long internal conflict with leftist guerrillas. Its power grid has been attacked, causing significant damage to Colombian industry and disruption to citizens. This article uses data from ISA and XM (operators of the Colombian power grid) and from Centro de Investigación y Educación Popular (CINEP), a non-profit organization tracking the internal conflict in Colombia), to compare patterns of tower attacks to the general conflict with two main leftist guerrilla groups, the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC). Using time series analysis, trends of violence, tower attacks, and peace attempts from 1990 to 2018 are examined to see if structural breaks in violence correspond to critical junctures in negotiations. Attacks on the power grid are shown to be a popular guerrilla tactic to pressure the government.

Azerbaijan's Strategy to Win the Conflict over the Nagorno-Karabakh Territory with Armenia in 2020

Decades ago, Armenia and Azerbaijan, two countries in the South Caucasus region, had disagreements over a territorial dispute called Nagorno-Karabakh. In 1921, the Government of the Soviet Union annexed the predominantly ethnic Armenian Nagorno-Karabakh into Azerbaijan. However, after the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Armenian separatists seized Nagorno-Karabakh in an incident backed by the Armenian Government. Azerbaijan showed its distaste for this treatment, resulting in fighting between Azerbaijan and Armenia, where around 30,000 people died. Before 2020, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict could be frozen due to strenuous peace efforts even though various parties had intervened to find the best solution. Until November 10, 2020, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, and Russian President Vladimir Putin agreed to sign an agreement to stop the fighting that had been taking place in the Nagorno-Karabakh region. The ceasefire was signed after Azerbaijani military forces managed to control most of Nagorno-Karabakh. This study uses an offensive realism paradigm to analyze Azerbaijan's strategy to win the conflict over the Nagorno-Karabakh region with Armenia in 2020. The results revealed that Azerbaijan developed beneficial diplomatic relations with Turkey, Israel and Russia. These countries later assisted. One of them was the assistance of military equipment which enabled Azerbaijan to win the war against Armenia.

Pak–India relations: A comparative analysis of political cartoons

A picture is worth than a thousand words. Political cartoons are an important genre in media content and can be used as a tool for propaganda in peace and war times. Permanent hostilities and rising media outlets in the region between India and Pakistan increased the importance of media to cool down hostilities. This study attempts to explore the role of political cartoons in escalated tensions between India and Pakistan, due to the Uri base and Pathankot terrorist attacks in 2016. Therefore, two daily newspapers – DAWN from Pakistan and Times of India from India – published from 1 July 2016 to 31 December 2016 were selected for frame analysis. Findings revealed that both newspapers published 82 cartoons relevant to the study, 29 in DAWN and 53 in Times of India. Analysis of the data reveals that five themes are present in the cartoon content: blame game, Kashmir conflict, role of international actors, peace efforts and dialogue, and water dispute. Blaming the other is dominant in the Times of India and peace efforts and dialogue in DAWN. The Times of India mostly supported Indian government and DAWN rejected the Pakistani stance in cartoon coverage regarding Pak–India relations.

International Arbitration and the Roots of Women’s Foreign Policy Activism

AbstractAt first glance, international arbitration—a legalistic method for the peaceful settlement of disputes among nations—may seem like a topic belonging only to the formal, male-dominated realms of diplomacy and international law. Most men in the late nineteenth century certainly thought so, and many historians since have treated it as such. But prominent women like May Wright Sewall and Belva Lockwood, and mass organizations like the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, took a lively interest in the subject in the 1890s. In that interest lay the roots of women’s foreign policy activism that led to their participation in debates over the War of 1898 and their peace efforts during and after World War I. International arbitration appealed to women because it complemented their better-known campaigns for temperance, suffrage, and other causes. As a more “civilized” method of resolving conflicts, arbitration was both a symbol of and a prerequisite for a more advanced, temperate, and equal society. It thus became a key component of women’s arguments for inclusion in the public and political life of the nation.

UKRAINE TRAGEDY: REVANCHIST AGGRESSION OR IDEOLOGICAL COMBAT

Ukraine prospective admission into a 74 year old military alliance NATO and NATO’s eastward growing footprints were considered by Russian government as threat to its national security and of the region so they preempted, and on 24 February 2022 invaded Ukraine, thus creating a fiasco which now has turned into an uncontrollable bloodstained and infra structure demolishing battlefield at the crossroads of transcontinental Russia and East European Ukraine, despite international controlled peace efforts & mediation. Although Ukraine, being the part of former Soviet Union, has strong economical, political and cultural ties with Russia but due to Russian invasion such close ties are turning to animosity and bitter relations which are likely to be carried forward to the coming generations of Russians and Ukrainians. Recently on 17 March 2023 the Hague seated International Criminal Court (ICC) declared Vladimir Putin, the Russian President, as a war criminal to issue an arrest warrant. The ICC believes on the basis of available witnesses and evidence that Russia got into multiple war crimes at Ukraine, including but not limited to unlawful deportation of children from Ukraine to Russia. This clash gives a signal that to support Ukraine the US dominated west is at crossroad with Russia by helping Ukraine through sophisticated war heads and financial aid. Deplorably, the revanchist aggression has turned into ideological combat between Russia and Europe on the battle ground of Ukraine. Consequently, the world seems transforming into multipolar world. Keywords: NATO, Ukraine, Russia, Euro-Atlantic Security, International Criminal Court (ICC), Global Mediation, Crimea Annexation.