Efficient Source Research Articles

Synthesis of Substituted Benzimidazoles and Benzoxazoles by Iron‐catalysed Reductive Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides

AbstractThis work describes a novel iron‐catalysed approach for the synthesis of aryl‐substituted benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles. The methodology employs reductive carbonylation using readily available aryl iodides and aryl amines as precursors, with carbon monoxide serving as the efficient carbonyl source. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with the addition of hydrosilanes and bases. Notably, aryl aldehydes are generated in situ from the aryl iodides, which subsequently react with o‐phenylenediamine or 2‐aminophenol to afford the desired products in high yields. The structures of the synthesized benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles were confirmed using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Piezoelectric Enhancement in P(VDF-TrFE) Copolymer Films via Controlled and Template-Induced Epitaxy.

The surge in wearable electronics and Internet of Things technologies necessitates the development of both flexible sensors and a sustainable, efficient, and compact power source. The latter further challenges conventional batteries due to environmental pollution and compatibility issues. Addressing this gap, piezoelectric energy harvesters emerge as one kind of promising alternative to convert mechanical energy from ambient sources to electrical energy to charge those low-energy-consumption electronic devices. Despite slightly lower piezoelectric performance compared with those inorganic materials, piezoelectric polymers, notably poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE), offer compelling properties for both flexible mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered strain/stress sensing, though their piezoelectric performance is expected to be further enhanced via varieties of modulation strategies of microstructures. Herein, we reported the controlled epitaxy process of micrometer-thick copolymer films with the cooperation of friction-transferred poly(tetrafluoroethylene) templates and precise modulation of the annealing conditions. Epitaxial P(VDF-TrFE) films present averaged d33 piezoelectric coefficient of -58.2 pC/N between 50 Hz and 1 kHz with good electromechanical and thermal stability. Owing to the nature of anisotropic crystallization, the epitaxial films exhibit an anisotropic transverse piezoelectric property. Epitaxial films were further utilized for mechanical energy harvesting and monitoring of human pulsation and respiration. This study provided a feasible route for the development of high-performance flexible piezoelectric devices to meet the requirement of flexible electronics.

Metabolite identification and disinfection by-product formation in AAO-MBR system with waste liquid isopropyl alcohol as a carbon source

Carbon sources as a substrate can provide organic matter for denitrification and nitrification, facilitating the removal of pollutants. However, low-cost and efficient alternative carbon sources are an urgent problem to be solved for wastewater treatment processes globally. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA), as a waste liquid produced during the cleaning process in the electronics industry, can serve as the carbon source for microbial growth. Herein, the influence of conventional carbon sources (glucose-coupled sodium acetate) and IPA carbon source on denitrification performance, metabolite identification, microbial community composition, and disinfection by-product (DBP) formation was assessed by a denitrification system (AAO-MBR). Results showed that the nitrogen removal efficiency of IPA as a carbon source (69.2 %) was similar to that of conventional carbon sources (72.6 %). Notably, the results of the metabolites of the two carbon source effluents showed that CHO and CHNO compound classes were the most abundant species in terms of quantity, and lignin (59.5–60.1 %) was the main component in two carbon source effluents. Additionally, the diversity of microbial communities at the genus level was significantly different, but organic matter degraded bacteria (i.e., Defluviicoccus and Rhizobacter) and denitrifying functional bacteria (i.e., Dinghuibacter and Amaricoccus) were dominant microorganism when using IPA and conventional carbon sources. Interestingly, the effluent dissolved organic matter (DOM) exhibited a lower susceptibility to transformation into DBP with an IPA carbon source, thus ensuring the safety of reused water. The findings provide valuable insights into utilizing wasted IPA as an effective carbon source in the wastewater treatment process.

Practice of a Load Shifting Algorithm for Enhancing Community-Scale RES Utilization

Amidst the recent energy crisis, the pivotal roles of resource efficiency and renewable energy sources (RES) for sustainable development have become apparent. The transition to sustainability involves decentralized energy solutions empowering local communities to generate, store, and utilize their energy, diminishing the reliance on centralized systems and potentially transforming them into resources for power flexibility. Addressing the above necessitates, amongst other elements, the adoption of advanced demand-side management (DSM) strategies. In response, we introduce a versatile algorithm investigating the impact of DSM on the community scale, designed to maximize the utilization of renewable energy produced from local installations. Integrated as an ancillary module in a research data management platform, the algorithm underwent testing using historical datasets collected from end-consumers and a small-scale RES installation. This study not only offers insights for energy stakeholders, but also establishes theoretical parameters that can inform subsequent decision-making processes in the field.

The Impact of Inflation on Jewelry Consumers in Nepalgunj: An Exploratory Study

This study examines the effects of inflation on jewelry consumers in Nepalgunj, Nepal, using a descriptive research design. The research aims to understand how inflation affects purchasing power, identify coping strategies, assess the impact on demand, and explore mitigation measures. The findings reveal that 70% of respondents believe middle-class individuals are most affected by inflation, leading to reduced jewelry affordability. Additionally, 30% of respondents agree that people buy less jewelry nowadays, and 76% agree that customers opt for substitute products as gifts instead of jewelry. The study suggests that inflation significantly impacts the jewelry industry, reducing consumer purchasing power and altering spending behaviors. To navigate these challenges, businesses in the jewelry sector must adopt strategic measures, such as price adjustments, value emphasis, and efficient sourcing practices. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, economists, and businesses in the jewelry industry. The study's implications include the need for policymakers toconsider the impact of inflation on the jewelry industry and its consumers, for economists to develop models that better predict consumer behavior during inflation, and for businesses to adopt strategic measures to mitigate the effects of inflation. Overall, the study highlights the importance of understanding the effects of inflation on jewelry consumers and the need for stakeholders to take proactive measures to address these challenges.

Optimization of Water Hyacinth Stem-Based Oxygen-Functionalized Activated Carbon for Enhanced Supercapacitors.

In the current world, storing and converting energy without affecting the natural ecosystem are considered a sustainable and efficient green energy source production technology. Especially, using low-cost, environmentally friendly, and high-cycle stability activated carbon (AC) from the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) waste material for charge storage application is the current attractive strategy for renewable energy generation. In this study, preparation of AC from water hyacinth using a mixed chemical activation agent followed by activation time was optimized by the I-optimal coordinate exchange design model based on a 3-factor/3-level strategy under nine experimental runs. The optimum conditions to prepare AC were found to be potassium hydroxide (≈17 g) and potassium carbonate (≈11 g), and the carbonization time was approximately 1 h. Under these augmented conditions, the maximum specific capacitance suggested by the designed model was found to be ≈75.2 F/g. The regression coefficient (R 2 = 0.9979), adjusted (R 2 = 0.9917), predicted (R 2 = 0.8706), adequate precision (39.2795), and p-values (0.0062) proved the good correlation between actual and predicted values. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the final optimized AC were characterized by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and potentiostat (CV and EIS) instruments. Finally, the optimized AC electrode after 100 cycles at a current density of 2 A g-1 retains an efficiency of 71.57%, indicating the good stability and sustainability of this material.

Assessing the Helium Potential of Variscan Batholiths: Insight From Corsica Island

AbstractMost of the current helium (He) reserves originate from fortuitous discoveries, mainly made during oil and gas exploration in sedimentary basins. As helium generation depends on U and Th α‐decay, old geological provinces gather key ingredients for high He accumulation. However, numerous He‐rich springs have also been documented in much younger rocks, such as Variscan granites (320–250 Ma). These latter discoveries question the current exploration guidelines and require revisiting some of the longstanding paradigms. Here, is investigated He migration along a major fault rooted in the Corso‐Sardinian batholith (France). Two thermal springs, Caldanelle and Guagno‐Les‐Bains, show significant outgassing activities of crustal sourced He with concentrations up to 1.45 vol% and flow rates of 110 m3 STP 4He/year. Besides He, the gas phase is dominated by N2 (≈98 vol%) and minor CH4. Based on a survey employing multidisciplinary methodologies, it is revealed that (a) Variscan rocks represent efficient 4He source rocks, (b) the main source of He comes from the underlying Eo‐Variscan basement, (c) A deeply rooted fault and dense fractures networks drain the He, (d) the helium loss is limited, (e) faults and fractures may act as partial traps, and finally (f) the presence of an efficient trap could promote a He‐rich reservoir with high flux but low reserves. In that sense, young post‐orogenic granites represent promising helium plays. The geological context in which Caldanelle and Guagno‐Les‐Bains are embedded is ubiquitous in European Variscan batholiths. This case study is therefore intended to serve as a guide for helium exploration and to provide insights into helium behavior within a Variscan geological context.

Compact hard x-ray flash radiography device based on wire-shorted low-impedance rod pinch diode.

A rod pinch diode (RPD) is a feasible load configuration to generate a high-brightness, small-size hard x-ray radiation source. In this paper, the radiography performance of a wire-shorted low-impedance RPD on a compactly designed table-top driver (WRPD-1) is demonstrated for the first time. The driver consists of four high-power discharge branches connected in parallel, with each branch consisting of two metal-film capacitors and one multigap field-distortion switch in series. The four branches are triggered synchronously to generate a fast-rising current pulse: the inductance of the load section at the short circuit is ∼10 nH, and the short-circuit current amplitude is ∼325kA at ±90kV charging voltage, with a 10%-90% rise time of 110ns. With a low-impedance RPD shorted by an 18-µm-diameter aluminum wire, a quasi-spherical x-ray focal spot with diameter <0.6mm (width of the half-maximum grayscale) and a pulse duration of ∼25ns (half-width of the radiation pulse) is obtained at ±70kV charging voltage, and the imaging resolution excels 10 lp/mm under 1.56× magnification. According to the transmission-absorption x-ray spectrum estimation, the average emitted photon energy is ∼30keV with a distinct peak in the 10-15keV range that corresponds to the L-lines of tungsten, and the total energy of photons >10keV reaches ∼1.16J. The present results show that the device can serve well for the flash radiography diagnosis and potentially as an efficient light source for dynamic x-ray diffraction.

Public awareness about common ocular diseases among a sample of Egyptian population

Background Globally, the most common causes of blindness in adults are cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Inadequate knowledge of these conditions leads to lag in medical advice requisition, losing the opportunity for prevention and early intervention with an increased rate of disease complications. Aim This study aimed to detect the level of public awareness about common eye problems in Egypt to help build strategies to prevent complications related to these eye problems. Patients and methods This is a prospective cross-sectional analytical study that used a pre-tested e-questionnaire to collect data from the study participants during the period from September 2022 to June 2023 at Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt. A Google form was created, and participants were invited through social media. It included four sections: socio-demographic characteristics, medical history of study participants, knowledge about common ocular diseases, and sources of gaining knowledge. Results The study included 802 participants, 54.2% of them were females, more than 55% of them were between the ages of 18–30 years, and 74.4% were university graduates. Awareness of cataracts, glaucoma, corneal opacity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration was reported in 45.7, 34.8, 38.3, 80, and 77.5% of the study participants, respectively. Physicians and social media were the most common efficient sources of gaining knowledge. Higher education and working in a medical profession, especially physicians and pharmacists were associated with higher knowledge scores. Conclusion Low levels of knowledge of most of the blinding conditions among the study participants raise the importance of adopting health education programs by our healthcare systems taking into consideration that physicians and social media were among the most convenient routes to reach the targeted population.

Ozone production by an He+O2 radio-frequency atmospheric pressure plasma jet driven by tailored voltage waveforms

Atmospheric pressure plasma jets are efficient sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with potential applications in medicine, materials processing, green industry and agriculture. However, selective control over the production of reactive species presents an ongoing challenge and a barrier to the widespread uptake of these devices in applications. This study therefore investigates the production of ozone by a radio-frequency plasma jet driven with tailored voltage waveforms composed of up to five consecutive harmonics, with a fundamental frequency of 13.56 MHz. The plasma is supplied with helium with small admixtures (0.1%–1.0%) of oxygen gas. The ozone density in the far effluent is measured with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the gas temperature in the plasma channel is determined with optical emission spectroscopy. Voltage waveform tailoring is found to enhance the ozone density in the far effluent of the plasma jet in comparison to operation with single-frequency voltage waveforms. Increasing the number of applied harmonics in the driving voltage waveform for a fixed peak-to-peak voltage enhances the ozone density but significantly increases the gas temperature within the plasma channel. Meanwhile, increasing the number of applied harmonics while maintaining a constant RF power deposition allows the density of ozone in the effluent to be increased by up to a factor of 4 relative to single-frequency operation, up to a maximum density of 5.7 ×1014 cm−3, without any significant change to the gas temperature. This work highlights that tailored voltage waveforms can be used to control the density of ozone delivered through the plasma effluent, marking an important step towards realising the potential of these plasmas for applications.

Optimization of the Offshore Wind Turbines Layout Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm

Wind turbines have gained popularity as one of the efficient micro grid energy generation sources over the years. However, wind energy yield has been greatly impacted by the wind farm wake effect, especially when the size of the wind farm becomes very large. One way to address this challenge is through wind turbine arrangements and their scalability. Developing effective means of optimizing wind farm configurations is a major concern for energy communities. This has continuously led to increased power generation and a corresponding cost reduction. As such, this research article developed an optimal large-scale offshore wind turbine placement based on wind farm layout design. The system developed focuses on wind turbine placement in wind farm layouts that have a negative influence on the capital investment due to the increasing wake effect thereby reducing energy production. A multi-objective function consisting of wake effect and component costs within the wind farm is formulated. After-which a cuckoo search algorithm technique is employed in the wind farm model to optimize the optimization problem (minimizing the wake effect while improving power output and cost). Four test case scenarios were considered when implementing the wind model. The results obtained from the developed scheme were compared with those obtained when other optimization techniques were used, using power output and cost as performance metrics. The obtained power output and cost for the test case scenario in the ideal wind turbine position on the wind farm are 18288.3KW, 19680.1KW, 18879.9KW, 21105.8KW and 26.9, 28.7, 26.9, and 29.8KW, respectively. This shows that the result obtained from the developed scheme outperformed that obtained from PSO and that of WOA.

Linear Programming Model for Sunflower Oil Supply Chain Network

Food supply networks are vital to the global economy, producing and consuming products worldwide. Supply chain management (SCM) has emerged as a crucial technique to optimize the integrated network of suppliers, factories, warehouses, customers, and distribution channels. SCM aims to ensure efficient raw material sources, transformation, transportation, and timely customer delivery. Edible oil, a crucial ingredient for cooking and food preparation, is utilized by people from all social classes. Vegetable oils, particularly sunflower, soybean, peanut, and others, are the main source of edible oils, which have less unsaturated fatty acids compared to animal oils. The production and consumption of edible oils have substantial environmental impacts, necessitating increased research to address these implications. Sunflower, a valuable oilseed crop, is grown worldwide due to its short growing season and adaptability to various climates and soil types. Sunflower seeds have high oil and protein content, making them popular for their health benefits. This article uses a linear optimization model for the sunflower oil supply chain from the farmer to the end user. The objective is to minimize the overall transportation cost subject to capacity, demand fulfillment, and waste management.

Organoleptic Analysis Test and Proximate of Seruni Plants (Wedelia Biflora) as Animal Feed

This research was conducted in Ruteng City in February-April 2023 with the aim of determining the nutritional content of seruni leaves (wedelia biflora). This study uses a direct experimental method. The first stage is an organoleptic test and continued with a proximate analysis. The treatment to be tested is P0: Seroni leaf flour taken in Ruteng City; P1: Seroni leaf flour taken around Ruteng City. This study used the t-test to evaluate significant differences in the nutritional content of Seruni leaf flour in the area around Ruteng. The results of the proximate analysis of Wedelia biflora leaves showed that this leaf had a balanced nutritional composition, with a high content of dry matter (90%), crude protein (±16%), crude fat (±10%), crude fiber (±10%), carbohydrates (±57%), and BETN (±47%). This composition indicates that Wedelia biflora is a good source of nutrients, containing adequate protein, high enough fat, as well as dominant carbohydrates and BETN, making it an efficient source of energy. moderate content of crude fiber also contributes to digestive health. With a balanced nutritional composition and the benefits provided, Wedelia biflora has great potential as a feed additive for various types of livestock to support the growth, health, and productivity of livestock.

Quasi-three-dimensional high-lift wing design approach considering three-dimensional effects of slipstream for distributed electric propulsion aircraft

The efficient utilization of propeller slipstream energy is important for improving the ultra-short takeoff and landing capability of Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft. This paper presents a quasi-three-dimensional (2.5D) high-lift wing design approach considering the three-dimensional (3D) effects of slipstream for DEP aircraft, aiming at maximizing the comprehensive lift enhancement benefit of the airframe-propulsion coupling unit. A high-precision and efficient momentum source method is adopted to simulate the slipstream effects, and the distributed propellers are replaced by a rectangular actuator disk to reduce the difficulty of grid generation and improve the grid quality. A detailed comparison of the 2.5D and 3D configurations based on the X-57 Mod Ⅳ is performed in terms of flow characteristics and computational cost to demonstrate the rationality of the above design approach. The optimization results of the high-lift wing of the X-57 Mod Ⅳ show that the aerodynamic performance of the landing configuration is significantly improved, for instance, the lift coefficient increases by 0.094 at the angle of attack of 7°, and 0.097 at the angle of attack of 14°. This novel approach achieves efficient and effective design of high-lift wings under the influence of distributed slipstream, which has the potential to improve the design level of DEP aircraft.

Determination of Bacterial Species Associated with Contamination of Poultry Feeds Produced by Three Different Companies in Abuja, Nigeria

Poultry farming is an efficient source of income and nutrition. Feeds used for poultry are vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms. This study aimed to assess bacterial contaminants of the poultry produced from three different companies in Abuja, Nigeria. Samples of poultry feeds produced by three different companies were collected from three different batches and were processed and inoculated in nutrient agar, Eosin methylene blue agar (EMB), and Mannitol salt agar (MSA), incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Colonies were counted, characterized, and subcultured to obtain pure cultures. Pure isolates were identified using Gram reaction, cellular morphology, and biochemical characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolated bacterial species were determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. The total bacterial counts of samples analyzed showed that poultry feed from sample C had the highest mean bacterial counts of 2.49 x 105CFU/g. The lowest was poultry feed sample A, with a mean count of 1.06 x 105CFU/g. Sample B had a mean bacterial count of 2.14 x 105CFU/g. The bacterial species isolated in the present study are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Proteus mirabilis. Staphylococcus aureus was the most occurring isolate with a 47% occurrence rate and was present in all poultry feed samples. Escherichia coli is the second most occurring with a 35% occurrence rate, then Salmonella with a 10% occurrence rate. The least occurring was Proteus mirabilis, with an 8% occurrence rate. S. aureus showed 100% susceptibility to all the antibiotics used, while P. mirabilis recorded the highest resistance of 40 %, showing resistance to four of the ten antibiotics used. This study reveals the presence and high microbial count in the different poultry feeds investigated. This usually reflects the degree of hygienic procedures and biosecurity used in the feeds' handling, production, and storage.

Is snow drought a messenger for the upcoming severe drought period? A case study in the Upper Mississippi River Basin

The exacerbation of floods and the extension of droughts, attributed to climate change and human-induced factors, are posing a substantial risk to communities by causing water scarcity. The significance of safeguarding water resources and managing them is increasingly gaining prominence. Snow is an efficient source of water for recharging groundwater compared to rainfall. This is attributed to its gradual melting process and capacity to infiltrate the soil, thereby providing sustenance to the groundwater. Thus, snow drought can be considered a major contributing factor to the issue of water scarcity. The objective of this study was to investigate the evolution of snow drought over the period since 1980, as well as its impact on agricultural drought across the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). An analysis is conducted for comparison between the spatial estimations of snow drought in the UMRB and two drought indicators, namely the evaporative demand drought index (EDDI) and water deficit amounts. The effects of the El Niño and La Niña phenomena on the UMRB as well as the results of the summer agricultural drought conditions were investigated since 2000. The results point to two important findings: 1) the snow-drought-affected zones show an increasing trend since 1980 and 2) severe snow droughts in the winter (from October to April) of a water year trigger severe agricultural droughts in the summer months of the same water year since 2000. It is seen that monitoring snow droughts is as essential as following rainfall regimes in the planning of water resources, agricultural production, and irrigation methods.

Effect of external corporate factors on takaful performance

PurposeThis study examines the impact of external corporate factors (external auditors, insured satisfaction and corporate social responsibility) on the performance (ROA, ROE, ROI) of takaful providers of distinguishable Muamalah contracts (wakalah and Hybrid).Design/methodology/approachThe full sample includes 30 Takaful insurance companies listed in Southeast Asia (SEA) and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries over the period 2011–2021. We use the FGLS method for data analysis.FindingsOur results reveal that Takaful insurance, which holds one of the Big Four with qualified Shariah members as external auditors, leads to improved performance (ROA, ROE and ROI). In addition, our findings show that Takaful insurance should be concerned with insured satisfaction to determine its success and generate higher performance for both the wakalah and hybrid contracts (ROA, ROE and ROI). Furthermore, Corporate Social Responsibility is considered a source of efficiency that enhances Takaful’s performance for the two types of wakalah and hybrid models (ROA, ROE and ROI).Practical implicationsSome suggestions may be useful for Takaful insurance regulatory authorities to intensify CSR activities, hold one of the Big Four as an external auditor and realize insured satisfaction.Originality/valueThis study highlights that it is beneficial for policymakers, insurers and investors to explore external factors that influence financial performance (return on assets, ROA; return on equity, ROE; return on investment,) in the Takaful insurance market, which uses wakalah and hybrid contracts.

Modeling of a Biomass Cogeneration Plant from a Gasification Process

In recent decades, growing energy demand, coupled with concerns about climate change, has led to the exploration of sustainable energy sources. Among these, biomass gasification stands out as a promising method for generating heat and power. This research delves into the potential impact of biomass gasification within the global energy landscape, focusing particularly on its application in cogeneration plants. Utilizing Aspen Plus software V10, this study undertook the modeling and optimization of a biomass cogeneration plant. Through simulation, it was found that a biomass flow rate of 5 kg/s yielded 6.172 MW of power output. Additionally, the study revealed several key factors that influence power generation: increasing biomass and airflow rates, increasing gasification temperature, and reducing water flow rate. By doubling the biomass flow rate to 10 kg/s and increasing the temperature to 800 °C, power generation increases by 41.75%. Moreover, the study demonstrates that Portuguese municipal waste is an efficient source of energy production, with higher cold gas and overall efficiencies compared to forest and vine-pruning residues.

Contextual factors and efficiency gains in Italian tourist destinations

The paper investigates the efficiency of 103 Italian provinces and some contextual factors that influence the competitiveness of a territorial tourist destination, defined as an ensemble of different historical, economic, environmental, and social traditions. Non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis and semi-parametric bootstrapping extensions are applied over the period 2012-2019. The findings demonstrate that tourism destinations are considerably technically and scale inefficient, and that the total factor productivity is decreasing over time. The results also present a great heterogeneity of Italian provinces regarding their efficiency levels, suggesting that the traditional North-South regional divide of Italy does not apply in the tourism sector. Regarding the role of contextual factors as sources of efficiency gains, the cultural attractions, cultural public expenditures, and the rule of law increase technical efficiency of Italian provinces, whilst provinces with higher income and higher pollution receive negative gains.

Review of Solar Greenhouse Drying Systems in Conjunction with Hybrid Technological Features, Designs, Operations, and Economic Implications for Agro‐Food Product Processing Application

This review reports recent developments in solar greenhouse drying systems in conjunction with hybrid technological features and their designs, operations, and economic implications as well as application in agro‐food product processing. Solar energy is one of the most efficient renewable energy sources to be used as an alternative to fossil fuels. This form of energy is the finest option for space heating and electricity generation among the available renewable energy sources. Solar energy can be used directly or indirectly for dehydrating agricultural and nonagricultural products. However, the products are susceptible to natural disasters such as rain, insects, and animals in open‐air sun drying. Solar greenhouse drying systems in conjunction with hybrid technological features are one of the most recent applications used in the agro‐food processing sectors. The review shows that the quality of products dried in conservatories is superior to that of products traditionally dried under the sun. Further, higher sustainability of the solar greenhouse‐oriented hybrid drying system in terms of embodied energy, energy return time, CO2 emission, net CO2 mitigation, and carbon credit can also be observed with the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis, i.e., strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of solar dryers. This shows the framework for abundant real‐world applications.