Efficient Rules Research Articles

A Parallel and Updatable Architecture for FPGA-Based Packet Classification With Large-Scale Rule Sets

As a programmable hardware, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) provides more opportunities for algorithmic network packet classification. Despite more than 10 years of research, the most actively investigated pipeline architectures still struggle to support fast rule search and efficient rule update for large-scale rule sets. In this article, we design and implement a novel architecture for multitree-based packet classification on FPGA, where the search and update processes are decoupled. A strategy of multi-processing elements (PEs), parallel search, and serial update is adopted. The parsing of multiple tree search results adopts a modular and hierarchical design, supporting architecture with various tree numbers. In addition, incremental rule updates can be achieved simply by traversing all PEs in one pass, with little and bounded impact on rule searching. Compared with TcbTree, the state-of-the-art updatable classifier, the experimental results on FPGA show that the classification performance of our design improves 3.4× on average for various 100k-scale rule sets.

All sequential allotment rules are obviously strategy‐proof

For division problems with single‐peaked preferences, we show that all sequential allotment rules, a large subfamily of strategy‐proof and efficient rules, are also obviously strategy‐proof. Although obvious strategy‐proofness is, in general, more restrictive than strategy‐proofness, this is not the case in this setting.

Systematic Full-Cycle Engineering Microbial Biofilms to Boost Electricity Production in Shewanella oneidensis.

Electroactive biofilm plays a crucial rule in the electron transfer efficiency of microbial electrochemical systems (MES). However, the low ability to form biofilm and the low conductivity of the formed biofilm substantially limit the extracellular electron transfer rate of microbial cells to the electrode surfaces in MES. To promote biofilm formation and enhance biofilm conductivity, we develop synthetic biology approach to systematically engineer Shewanella oneidensis, a model exoelectrogen, via modular manipulation of the full-cycle different stages of biofilm formation, namely, from initial contact, cell adhesion, and biofilm growth stable maturity to cell dispersion. Consequently, the maximum output power density of the engineered biofilm reaches 3.62 ± 0.06 W m-2, 39.3-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain of S. oneidensis, which, to the best our knowledge, is the highest output power density that has ever been reported for the biofilms of the genetically engineered Shewanella strains.

Extended Belief Rule-Based System With Accurate Rule Weights and Efficient Rule Activation for Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules

Extended belief-rule-based (EBRB) system is a representative rule-based system and has attracted much attention due to its capability of solving the problems of combinatorial explosion and time-consuming optimization incurred by belief-rule-based system. Despite their advantages, the development of EBRB suffers from some shortcomings, such as the unreasonable calculation of similarity between input and antecedent belief distributions (BDs), inaccurate calculation of individual matching degrees and rule weights, and inefficient determination of activation rules. To address these shortcomings, this article proposes a new EBRB system, in which an existing similarity measure between two BDs is adopted to accurately calculate the individual matching degrees and rule weights. Furthermore, the activation weight of a rule is efficiently calculated within an activation group generated using the affinity propagation algorithm, which is utilized to determine whether the rule is activated. The activation rules are then integrated using their weights and the evidential reasoning algorithm to generate the inference result. To demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency, the proposed EBRB system is employed to help diagnose thyroid nodules based on the historical examination reports collected from a tertiary hospital located in Hefei, Anhui, China. The findings are highlighted by the comparison of the proposed EBRB system with existing EBRB systems based on the historical reports and datasets derived from the University of California at Irvine.

Good Environmental Governance Mainstreaming in Preparation for the Implementation of Carbon Trading in Indonesia

Climate change is a global problem that is often echoed. Indonesia has an obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 29%-41% in accordance with Indonesia's commitment in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). The Government's initiative in reducing Indonesia's greenhouse gas emissions was then demonstrated by issuing Presidential Regulation Number 98 of 2021 which regulates the implementation of carbon economic values carried out through mitigation and adaptation efforts. One of the steps mentioned as mitigation and adaptation efforts is carbon trading. Carbon trading is the answer to the conflicting interests of pursuing a reduction in greenhouse gas emission targets as well as increasing economic growth in Indonesia. This is supported by the existence of several factors that make carbon trading a great potential in Indonesia, including economic factors, environmental factors, and legal factors. This research is a normative juridical research and uses non-interactive qualitative research methods. In this study it was found that using the principles of Good Environmental Governance (GEG) can be a solution for the implementation of carbon trading in Indonesia later. That is by using the GEG principles which include participation, accountability, transparency, rule of law, and effectiveness and efficiency. With the implementation of this principle, the Government should immediately prepare itself carefully. Furthermore, the implementation of GEG needs to be supported by strong political will. Thus, carbon trading can be carried out optimally and bring benefits to all Indonesian people

Collusion with capacity constraints under a sales maximization rationing rule

In the repeated Bertrand duopoly with capacity constraints, we introduce a sales maximization rationing rule, instead of a standard rationing rule, Efficient rule (E rule). Under our new rule, when the demand of a firm with a lower price exceeds its capacity, the consumers who are willing to buy at that price are rationed to that firm according to their unwillingness to buy. We find that the maximum one-shot total payoff under our rule is not less than that under E rule at any capacities; it is achieved by an asymmetric price pair rather than a symmetric monopoly price pair and it is strictly greater than that under E rule unless each firm’s capacity is too large. Under the one-shot total payoff maximization, total surplus under our rule is also equal to or greater than that under E rule at any capacities. Hence, our rule is also appealing to the social planner, and it is implementable due to information technology which collects information about the consumers’ willingness to pay. In the repeated game, patient firms can achieve the total payoff maximization by an equilibrium under our rule. Moreover, a range of discount factors within which the total payoff maximization can be sustained under our rule is wider than that under E rule at some capacities.

Study on Analysis Principle of Spatial System Method for a Hydraulic Steel Gate

The target of this paper is to ensure that the spatial system method has scientific and efficient rules to follow in structural analysis of a hydraulic steel gate, and to overcome the problems of randomness and fuzziness in the analysis process. Based on the idea of part and whole, the analysis principle of the spatial system method for a steel gate is systematically studied using the combination of theoretical calculation, finite element analysis, and prototype testing. First, the method is verified, with theoretical calculation used to ensure the authenticity of geometric modeling, the appropriateness of the element type, the rationality of meshing, the accuracy of constraints, and load application when the spatial system method is used to analyze the gate structure (panel, arm, and beam). The specific and practical feasible analysis principles of using the spatial system method to analyze the gate structure are provided. Second, the analysis of the gate structure is carried out using the analysis principle of the spatial system method. Finally, a prototype test is used to verify the analysis results of the spatial system method. Based on the prototype test results, the maximum absolute error of static displacement is 0.58 mm and the maximum relative error of static stress is 9.19%, which verifies the rationality and accuracy of the analysis principle of the spatial system method. The key technical problems restricting the transition of the gate structure analysis from the plane system method to the spatial system method are preliminarily solved. This first exploration is made for the popularization and application of the spatial system method, and lays a technical foundation for improving the quality and efficiency of gate structure design.

Język jako bariera w komunikacji administracji publicznej z obywatelami

This paper is focused on the problems of communication between public administration and citizens. The language of legal forms of public administration activity, letters, official documents and other messages addressed to individuals not only carries the specific axiological load but is one of the core value in a state, including the value of law itself; it should be comprehensible to citizens because the above documents shape their rights and obligations, often in an authoritative manner, and interfere in their sphere of freedom and fundamental rights. The language (bureaucratic style) which is incorrect, imprecise and incomprehensible to citizens constitutes a significant barrier to effective communication between public administration and citizens; it may undermine confidence in the state and law, violate citizens’ sense of legal security and be a barrier to the implementation of the rules of reliability and efficiency in public institutions.

Research on the Enhancement of the Separation Efficiency for Discrete Phases Based on Mini Hydrocyclone

The economic and efficient treatment of mixed media in offshore produced fluids is of great significance to oilfield production. Due to the small space and limited load-bearing capacity of offshore platforms, some mature multiphase media separation processes in onshore oilfields are difficult to apply. Therefore, high-efficiency processing methods with small-occupied space are required. Mini hydrocyclones (MHCs) are a potential separation method due to their simple structure, small footprint, and high separation efficiency (especially for fine particles or droplets). However, for discrete phases with different densities and sizes, the enhancement rule of the separation efficiency of MHCs is not yet clear. In this paper, numerical simulation methods were used to study the separation performance of hydrocyclones with different main diameters (including conventional hydrocyclones (CHCs) and MHCs) for discrete phases with different densities and particle sizes. Results show that MHC has the optimal enhancement range for oil–water separation when oil-droplet sizes are 60–300 μm, while the optimal enhancement range for silica particle and water separation is 10–40 μm. For other droplet/particle size ranges, the efficiency enhancement effect of MHC is not obvious compared to conventional hydrocyclones. By calculating the radial force of particles in MHC and CHC, the reasons for the enhanced efficiency of MHC are theoretically analyzed. The pressure drop of MHC is higher than CHC under the same feed velocity, which can be improved by connecting CHC with MHC. Additionally, the fluid velocity test experiments based on particle image velocimetry (PIV) were carried out to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulations. This study clarified the scope of application of MHCs to different discrete phase types, in order to provide a basis for the precise application of MHCs.

E- Governance, as a Tool for Good Governance: A Reflection from Selected Khidmat Centres in District Poonch of Jammu and Kashmir

E-governance refers to the use of information and communications technology (ICT) in the realm of governance. It is an endower o transfer how the government works and improve the system of service delivery mechanisms through the use of technology. Even though it is something that entirely modifies the conventional method of governing, it is an exercise. The fundamental components of good governance are the rule of law, transparency, efficacy, efficiency, effectiveness, accountability, and public engagement. The government faces difficulty in addressing the problem of providing enough public services. This paper aims to accentuate the role of e-Governance for Good Governance and the Satisfaction level of people in rural areas toward e- services delivery by the Mean of Common Service Centres.

Machine Learning and the Stock Market

AbstractPractitioners allocate substantial resources to technical analysis whereas academic theories of market efficiency rule out technical trading profitability. We study this long-standing puzzle by applying a diverse set of machine learning algorithms. The results show that an investor can find profitable technical trading rules using past prices, and that this out-of-sample profitability decreases through time, showing that markets have become more efficient over time. In addition, we find that the evolutionary genetic algorithm’s attitude in not shying away from erroneous predictions gives it an edge in building profitable strategies compared to the strict loss-minimization-focused machine learning algorithms.

Comparison of lifetime assessments between ASME and RCC-MRx in liquid metal nuclear research reactors surfing from thermal striping

The thermal striping phenomenon is a random temperature fluctuation that may cause thermal fatigue damage to components until the significant reduction of their lifetime or their fast break. It leads to creating some hazardous situations, which can cause the failure of mechanical systems. In the nuclear industry, components with a level of safety should be designed to prevent fatigue damage. In case of the occurrence of fatigue crack initiation on the component during service, it is required to analyse the causes and the consequences, most of the time, leading in the replacement of the component and modifying the causes (bad surface finish, residual stresses, etc.) to avoid future appearance damage. Indeed, in the case of liquid metal-cooled nuclear research reactors, the reactor core’ component integrity can be threatened and that should push engineers to be more meticulous in their job.Engineering industry standards and computation software provide engineers with efficient rules to study this phenomenon and find suitable solutions. Among them, RCC and ASME, which are widely used in the world. Globally, codes are similar but some differences exist in their approaches that lead to bringing additional technical difficulties for engineers.In this paper, the methodologies of surface stress calculation in pipes are compared between RCC-MRx and ASME III subsection NB. The goal is to estimate the gap and identify the main causes of differences in the risk assessment of thermal striping in research reactors cooled by liquid metal.Based on the lifetime computations from two code procedures, comparison between the main parameters is done. Results show an acceptable similarity between linear temperatures and tangible differences for second temperature and stresses. These results prove the existence of a gap between codes. It reveals that the risk assessment of thermal striping is approached more conservatively by the RCC-MRx than by ASME, in this studied case.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD GOVERNANCE IN IMPROVING PUBLIC SERVICES AT THE INVESTMENT OFFICE AND ONE-STOP INTEGRATED SERVICES OF CENTRAL SULAWESI PROVINCE

Good Governance demands the fulfillment of a number of important indicators. Its realization is only possible through systematic, consistent, and continuous efforts by local governments, legislative institutions, and the community in a synergistic manner. As the implementer, the Regional Government must ensure that the efforts made are in line with the objectives of improving public services as referred to in Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government. For this reason, in its implementation, local governments are regularly obliged to compile and report on the performance of the implementation of accountable public services in the principle of regional autonomy, so as to encourage the participation of various elements of the greater community. This research focuses on the implementation of the principles of good governance in the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Service (DPMPTSP) of Central Sulawesi Province. The reason is that this office has a strategic role in capital, financing, and cooperation that determines the achievement of regional development goals. The goal is that through this research, it will be known more comprehensively the implementation of good governance in the capital and licensing institutions of the area, especially in the aspects of public services in the field of business licensing for the community. The method used is descriptive qualitative which is analyzed using nine indicators of good governance principles according to the UNDP document (Sedarmayanti, 2010) namely Participation, Rule of Law, Transparency, Responsiveness, Consensus Orientation, Equity, Effectiveness and Efficiency, Accountability, Strategic Vision. The results of the study will be known after the study takes place.

Optimization of energy efficiency, energy consumption and CO2 emission in typical iron and steel manufacturing process

Improving energy efficiency of the iron and steel manufacturing process (ISMP) plays a vital role in saving energy and reducing CO2 emissions. However, there is currently a lack of research on assessment method and improvement rules of energy efficiency of the ISMP. In addition, the impact of energy efficiency on CO2 emissions and energy consumption is rarely mentioned in previous studies. To fill this gap, this study establishes an assessment and optimization model of energy efficiency, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the ISMP. Taking material parameters, process parameters and reaction conditions as constraints, this study optimizes a practical ISMP with maximizing energy efficiency as the optimization goal, and further analyze energy consumption and CO2 emissions of typical ISMP. After optimizing, energy efficiency of the ISMP is increased from 64.00% to 68.20%, energy consumption of the ISMP is reduced from 15.76 GJ/t-steel to 12.31 GJ/t-s, and the CO2 emission of the ISMP is reduced from 1215.2 kg/t-steel to 815.3 kg/t-s. It is found that injected coal ratio of blast furnace, charge structure of blast furnace, iron-steel interface and casting-rolling interface have a greater impact on energy efficiency, energy consumption and CO2 emission of the ISMP.

Study on the Circulation Efficiency of Different Nonideal Gases

The thermodynamic properties of two kinds of representative non-ideal real gases van der Waals gas and Onnes gas are expounded and discussed by common thermodynamic methods, and the specific expressions of heat engine efficiency based on Carnot cycle, Stirling cycle and Otto cycle with these two real gases as working fluids are derived through theoretical derivation and calculation. On this basis, the variation rules of various thermal efficiency corresponding to heat engine with cycle parameters (such as high-temperature heat source temperature T1, low-temperature heat source temperature T2, the isovolumetric molar heat capacity of gas, initial volume V in the cycle process, gas volume expansion ratio r) are analyzed, and the general rules which are helpful to improve the efficiency of heat engine are found. This work will provide some theoretical reference for the optimal design of the actual operating conditions of the heat engine.

Pelaksanaan Pemerintahan Desa Berdasarkan Prinsip Good Governance

Abstract Good governance as part of the reform agenda is basically a condition that is aspired to in every aspect of government that interacts with society, especially rural communities. This highly aspired condition is based on an understanding of the principles that apply good governance, including: accountability, transparency, transparency, rule of law, justice, participation, decentralization, togetherness, professionalism, responsiveness, effectiveness and efficiency, and competitiveness. All of this illustrates that the character of the village as a self-governing community is much broader and more capable. The main task carried out by the village government is to create a democratic life, to provide good social services so that it can bring its citizens to a prosperous, peaceful, and just life. This leads to the practice of village good governance in Indonesia. Key words: good governance, and village.

A selective image encryption scheme using LICC hyperchaotic system

In this paper, an improved multi-dimensional hyperchaotic system derived from the logistic map and the ICMIC based on closed-loop coupling (LICC hyperchaotic system) is proposed and it is used in the design of selective image encryption. The performance analysis shows that the LICC hyperchaotic system with a strong coupling degree has parameters whose value can be set more flexibly and can generate a wider and more uniform distribution of chaotic sequences. Then selective image encryption is proposed. Firstly, an adaptive pseudo-random sequence generator based on hash function is designed to ensure the difference of sequences used in different encryption steps. Second, a novel bit-level scrambling is designed to increase the encryption speed. Finally, an efficient rule to select image blocks with weak security is proposed and the second step of the encryption is performed at the selected blocks of the image to ensure security. The encryption performance and security analysis show that the proposed encryption algorithm based on an improved hyperchaotic system is secure enough to resist several types of attacks.

Tax Procedures Between Transparency and Privacy: Trends in Legal Regulation and Practice in Slovenia

Abstract Tax procedures aim at collecting public finances to cover societal needs but also protect taxpayers. Hereby, a collision between transparency and privacy occurs. The goal of the research was twofold; to identify the relation between transparency and privacy in theory and legislation, and to detect gaps between law by the book and practice in tax matters in Slovenia as an EU Member State. Analyses are therefore based on qualitative research methods attributed to legal-administrative context. A combined approach is applied, including literature review, normative, dogmatic, sociological, and axiological methods. The findings reveal that several national statutes should be clearer to enable consistent enforcement. The results of both theoretical and empirical research suggest a constant search for a balance between transparency and privacy. Yet, the former is more emphasised over time as the letter to increase the rule of law, inclusiveness, and efficiency as the most salient governance principles in tax procedures.

Construction of the Interactive Relationship between Law Enforcement and Legislation Based on the Background of Big Data

Under the background of the current era of ever-increasing speed of information technology iteration and increasing application of big data, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the interaction between administrative law enforcement and legislation and try to construct its system. From the perspective of big data, building an interactive system of law enforcement and legislation is also an important exploration. Starting from clarifying the existing relationship between law enforcement and legislation, this study analyzes the positive impact of big data on the construction of the interactive relationship between law enforcement and legislation. Finally, this study attempts to construct the interaction between administrative law enforcement and legislation under the background of big data by focusing on the construction and operation mechanism of the big data platform, the interaction mechanism between law enforcement and law enforcement in the big data platform, and the guarantee mechanism of the interaction between law enforcement and legislation under the big data platform to promote the establishment and improvement of a “complete legal norm system” and an “efficient rule of law enforcement system” to achieve precise governance.

Efficient rule mining and compression for RDF style KB based on Horn rules

Efficient rule mining and compression for RDF style KB based on Horn rules