Efficient Instrument Research Articles

Action‐ versus results‐based policy designs for agricultural climate change mitigation

AbstractReducing agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is key to achieve overall climate policy goals. Effective and efficient policy instruments are needed to incentivize farmers' adoption of on‐farm climate change mitigation practices. We compare action‐ and results‐based policy designs for GHG reduction in agriculture and account for farmers' heterogeneous behavioral characteristics such as individual farming preferences, reluctance to change and social interactions. An agent‐based bio‐economic modeling approach is used to simulate total GHG reduction, overall governmental spending and farm‐level marginal abatement cost of Swiss dairy and beef cattle farms under both action‐ and results‐based policy designs. We find that total governmental spending associated with the compared policy designs depends on the cost and benefits of the considered measures as well as behavioral characteristics of farmers. More precisely, if farmers are reluctant to change, additional incentives are needed to increase adoption of a win‐win measure. In such a case, targeting the payment on the cost of that particular measure (action‐based design) instead of paying a uniform amount for abated emissions (results‐based design) can lower governmental spending for agricultural climate change mitigation. Farm‐level marginal cost of reducing GHG emissions are lower with results‐based payments independent of the cost of measures. Moreover, we find that farmers' individual preferences and reluctance to change substantially lower the adoption of mitigation measures and hence overall GHG reduction potential of farms.

Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions with Fluorous Chlorin-Type Photosensitizers for Antitumor Photodynamic Therapy in Hypoxia.

The efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) strictly depends on the availability of molecular oxygen to trigger the light-induced generation of reactive species. Fluorocarbons have an increased ability to dissolve oxygen and are attractive tools for gas delivery. We synthesized three fluorous derivatives of chlorin with peripheral polyfluoroalkyl substituents. These compounds were used as precursors for preparing nanoemulsions with perfluorodecalin as an oxygen depot. Therefore, our formulations contained hydrophobic photosensitizers capable of absorbing monochromatic light in the long wavelength region and the oxygen carrier. These modifications did not alter the photosensitizing characteristics of chlorin such as the generation of singlet oxygen, the major cytocidal species in PDT. Emulsions readily entered HCT116 colon carcinoma cells and accumulated largely in mitochondria. Illumination of cells loaded with emulsions rapidly caused peroxidation of lipids and the loss of the plasma membrane integrity (photonecrosis). Most importantly, in PDT settings, emulsions potently sensitized cells cultured under prolonged (8 weeks) hypoxia as well as cells after oxygen depletion with sodium sulfite (acute hypoxia). The photodamaging potency of emulsions in hypoxia was significantly more pronounced compared to emulsion-free counterparts. Considering a negligible dark cytotoxicity, our materials emerge as efficient and biocompatible instruments for PDT-assisted eradication of hypoxic cells.

An improved stochastic subspace modal identification method considering uncertainty quantification

This paper develops a novel stochastic subspace modal identification method in which the uncertainty quantification of structural modal parameters is considered. On the basis of a 4-degree-of-freedom (4DOF) simulation model, the detailed procedure of the proposed approach is first demonstrated. Then, by conducting a series of numerical simulations on the 4DOF model, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified for the cases of structural responses containing high-level noise and non-stationary properties. Furthermore, the proposed approach is applied to field measurements on a 260-m-high supertall building under ambient excitations, and the estimated modal parameters are further compared with the results determined by the forced vibration test performed on the building. The good agreement between these two sets of estimated modal parameters verifies the applicability and effectiveness of the developed modal identification method for field measurements. The objective of this study is to provide an efficient instrument for the accurate modal identification of civil structures.

Geopolitical competition, globalisation and WTO reform

AbstractThis paper discusses options to manage spillovers of unilateral trade policies motivated by national security and other non‐economic objectives on global trade and investment. Within the WTO framework, we argue a ‘specific trade concern’ mechanism is likely to be more effective than dispute settlement to address national security‐motivated trade intervention. More broadly, we propose creation of a platform for governments, supported by relevant international organisations, to enhance transparency and assess the effectiveness and magnitude of the spillover effects of trade/related policies of systemic import. This would serve to help identify efficient instruments to achieve economic and non‐economic goals and inform WTO reform discussions on subsidies and discriminatory trade policies. Plurilateral cooperation among like‐minded nations offers a pragmatic pathway to address spillover effects of policies to achieve security and other non‐economic objectives but requires a stronger governance framework to ensure consistency with an open multilateral trading system.

Social media analytics and their applications to evaluate an activity in online health interventions using CRITIC and TOPSIS techniques.

The usage of social media is increasing by leaps and bounds in our day-to-day lives. It affects daily routines and brings a lot of change in different departments like health and education systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare research and practice have been significantly impacted by the astounding growth of social media. Social media are changing health information management in several ways, from offering appropriate ways to enhance healthcare professional contact and share health-related knowledge and experience to facilitating the development of innovative medical research and wisdom. Social media analytics (SMAs) are efficient and effective interaction instruments that can be useful for both patients and clinicians in health interventions. Moreover, a significant portion of those involved in clinical practices (such as clinicians, professional colleges, and departments of health) are unaware of the importance of social media, its potential applications in their daily lives, as well as the possible consequences and how these will be handled. In the presented study, we proposed MCDM-based approaches known as "Criteria Importance Through Inter Correlation" (CRITIC) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) in order to identify the effective alternative among several options and make a better decision. After extracting features from the literature review, we choose six significant and relevant features and assign weights to them using CRITIC techniques while utilizing the TOPSIS technique to rank the alternatives based on their performance values. After the implementation of both methods and evaluation procedure, it is determined that the alternative with the highest score is placed at the top and called the "best alternative," while the alternative with the lowest score is placed at the bottom and called the worst alternative. Finally, we suggest a variety of research initiatives and new research areas where the aforementioned procedures become extremely useful in evaluating SMAs and their uses in online health interventions.

The trade effects of information provision about forced and child labor

The issue of child and forced labor employed in the production of goods has been at a forefront of public debate in recent decades with millions of victims and nearly all countries being affected. This paper examines whether information about the use of child and forced labor in the production of goods affects their imports to the United States. I investigate this question using the largest naming and shaming strategy ever implemented world-wide: inclusion on the U.S. government’s list of goods produced with child or forced labor. This list aims to provide impartial information to consumers and firms about a broad range of goods, in contrast to previously used measures in the literature which have tended to be more emotionally driven boycotts or labelling campaigns of specific goods. The paper finds that such information provision decreased United States imports of goods believed to be made using child and forced labor. The results are mainly driven by goods closer to the point of consumption, where consumers might reasonably be expected to penalize products that are thought to rely on such labor, while no effect was found for intermediate goods. Thus, public information strategies may be efficient policy instruments in disincentivizing the purchase of certain goods believed to be made with child and forced labor.

Adapting the Primary Care PTSD Screener for firefighters.

By the nature of their work, first responders are at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Efficient screening instruments are useful to identify at-risk first responders and connect them to services. The current study aimed to (i) evaluate the diagnostic properties of the Primary Care PTSD for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5) scale among firefighters, (ii) explore the use of an adapted PC-PTSD-5 on a five-point Likert-type scale and (iii) examine sensitivity and specificity of the adapted instrument in this population. Pooled data were analysed among firefighters (N = 92) from a treatment-seeking sample (n = 36) and a population health screening sample (n = 56). Participants completed an adapted version of the PC-PTSD-5 and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed, referencing PCL-5 cut-off/probable diagnostic threshold scores. The PC-PTSD-5 demonstrated excellent operating characteristics overall. A threshold of 3 was optimal for discriminating probable PTSD using a proxy for the original PC-PTSD-5 (range: 0-5), whereas a score of 9 was identified for the PC-PTSD-5 permutation that allowed for more response variability (range: 0-20). Our preliminary data suggest the PC-PTSD-5 may be a useful tool for brief firefighter screening, with suggested cut-offs that require further replication and expanded investigation.

Implementation of a Noise Filter for Grouping in Bibliographic Databases using Latent Semantic Indexing

Clustering algorithms can assist in scientific research by presenting themes related to some topics from which we can extract information more easily. However, it is common for many of these clusters to have documents that have no relevance to the topic of interest, thereby reducing the quality of the information. We can manage the reduced quality of information of clusters for a bibliographic database by dealing with noise in the semantic space that represents the relations between the grouped documents. In this work, we sustain the hypothesis of using the Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) technique as an efficient instrument to reduce noise and promote better group quality. Using a database of 90 scientific publications from different areas, we pre-processed the documents by LSI and grouped them using six clustering algorithms. The results were significantly improved compared to our initial results that did not use LSI-based pre-processing. From the perspective of individual performance of the algorithms demonstrating the best results, CMeans was the one that got the highest average gain, with approximately 25%, followed by K-Means and SKmeans, with 17% each; PAM, with 16.5%; and EM, with 15%. The conclusion is that Latent Semantic Indexing has proven to be a helpful tool for noise reduction. We recommend its use to improve the cluster quality of bibliographic databases significantly.

The Regioselective Conjugation of the 15-nt Thrombin Aptamer with an Optimized Tripeptide Sequence Greatly Increases the Anticoagulant Activity of the Aptamer

Currently, oligonucleotide therapy has emerged as a new paradigm in the treatment of human diseases. In many cases, however, therapeutic oligonucleotides cannot be used directly without modification. Chemical modification or the conjugation of therapeutic oligonucleotides is required to increase their stability or specificity, improve their affinity or inhibitory characteristics, and address delivery issues. Recently, we proposed a conjugation strategy for a 15-nt G-quadruplex thrombin aptamer aimed at extending the recognition interface of the aptamer. In particular, we have prepared a series of designer peptide conjugates of the thrombin aptamer, showing improved anticoagulant activity. Herein, we report a new series of aptamer-peptide conjugates with optimized peptide sequences. The anti-thrombotic activity of aptamer conjugates was notably improved. The lead conjugate, TBA-GLE, was able to inhibit thrombin-induced coagulation approximately six-fold more efficiently than the unmodified aptamer. In terms of its anticoagulant activity, the TBA-GLE conjugate approaches NU172, one of the most potent G-quadruplex thrombin aptamers. Molecular dynamics studies have confirmed that the principles applied to the design of the peptide side chain are efficient instruments for improving aptamer characteristics for the proposed TBA conjugate model.

A meta-evaluation of climate policy evaluations: findings from the freight transport sector

ABSTRACT Knowledge about how implemented policy instruments have performed is important for designing effective and efficient policy instruments that contribute to reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. This paper carries out a meta-evaluation of ex-post evaluations of climate policy instruments in the freight transport sector. By analysing the outcomes and quality of evaluations, the aim is to identify whether estimated effects of policy instruments can be compared between evaluations and if the results are appropriate to use for evidence-based decision making. To analyse these aspects, commonly applied evaluation criteria are assessed and classified according to an assessment scale. We confirm that few ex-post evaluations are carried out and that there is a gap between evaluation theory and how ex-post policy evaluations are performed in practice, where evaluation criteria recommended in policy evaluation guidelines are found to often be neglected in evaluations. The result is a lack of systematic climate policy evaluation which hinders reliable conclusions about the effect of policy instruments. There is a need for more systematic monitoring and evaluation of implemented policy instruments and we suggest that evidence-based decision making can be improved by adjusting current policy evaluation guidelines and by introducing an evaluation obligation.

The Strategic Use of One Nation as a Symbol During PMQs from John Major to Theresa May

One Nation, as a conceptual construct which started to develop since the 19th century has often been associated with the Conservative Party’s politics regarding their effort to bridge the gap between “the two nations” (the underprivileged and the well-off members of society) and in the elevation of the condition of the people in the UK (a requisite for social harmony). Most recent conservative Prime Ministers have been eager to present their own version of the One Nation tradition based on their views of the role the state should play (either limited or extended state intervention). David Seawright explains that these conflicting stances are not expressed in a strict polarisation within the party but rather that they move along the conservative ideological continuum (of limited-extended state policies). More than a successively reconstructed concept (to cater for special expectations of the PM and voters). One Nation is a symbol and as such it is characterized by a high degree of ambiguity, fluidity and multivocality. These are precisely the qualities that make One Nation an efficient instrument for Prime ministers to move along the continuum. Murray Edelman refers to these symbols as condensational symbols laden with powerful emotional content as well as a wide range of meanings. The study will seek to provide an assessment of the position of three Prime Ministers (J. Major, D. Cameron and T. May) on the limited-extended state approach continuum through their own representation of One Nation. It will be examined in the context of parliamentary discourse and through catchphrases used by each PM during Prime Minister’s Question Time (PMQs). This paper will also aim to analyse the process of symbolisation and to demonstrate that the use of One Nation as a symbol fulfils different functions and serves various purposes (strategic and social), especially when used in opposition to what can be considered as the invariant core element of One Nation: anti-Socialism.

The Geras Solutions Cognitive Test for Assessing Cognitive Impairment: Normative Data from a Population-Based Cohort

BackgroundThere is a need for the development of accurate, accessible and efficient screening instruments, focused on early-stage detection of neurocognitive disorders. The Geras Solutions cognitive test (GSCT) has showed potential as a digital screening tool for cognitive impairment but normative data are needed.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to obtain normative data for the GSCT in cognitively healthy patients, investigate the effects of gender and education on test scores as well as examine test-retest reliability.MethodsThe population in this study consisted of 144 cognitively healthy subjects (MMSE>26) all at the age of 70 who were earlier included in the Healthy Aging Initiative Study conducted in Umeå, Sweden. All patients conducted the GSCT and a subset of patients (n=32) completed the test twice in order to establish test-retest reliability.ResultsThe mean GSCT score was 46.0 (±4.5) points. High level of education (>12 years) was associated with a high GSCT score (p = 0.02) while gender was not associated with GSCT outcomes (p = 0.5). GSCT displayed a high correlation between test and retest (r(30) = 0.8, p <0.01).ConclusionThis study provides valuable information regarding normative test-scores on the GSCT for cognitively healthy individuals and indicates education level as the most important predictor of test outcome. Additionally, the GSCT appears to display a good test-retest reliability further strengthening the validity of the test.

Instytucjonalna współpraca biskupów w wymiarze ponaddiecezjalnym

The Church’s teaching concerning community between Herself and the College of Bishops, which was considerably broadened by Vatican II, is the foundation of their varied and diversified collaboration.This collaboration also manifests itself in such over diocesan institutions as Episcopal Conferences, regional convocations as well as the structure of the Church metropolis itself.The post-Vatican II legislation has reshaped and ascribed new tasks to all the above mentioned institutions. Owing to that fact they can be an efficient instrument of the over diocesan ministry.

The Chinese Version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire-13: Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance for Medical Students.

Stress may relate to an increased risk of psychological and physical disorders. Thus, a brief and efficient measurement instrument for researchers to measure stress is essentially needed. To assess measurement properties of the validated Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire-13 (PSQ-C-13), we conducted a two-wave longitudinal study from September to December, 2021 with a convenient sample of medical students. A two-factor (constraint and imbalance) structure showed good fit indices (Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.972, Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.966, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] = 0.062). Spearman correlations with the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale-10 illustrated that convergent validity of the PSQ-C-13 was relatively satisfactory (r = 0.678 [baseline], 0.753 [follow-up]). Measurement invariance was supported across subgroups (gender, age, home location, single-child status, monthly households' income, and part-time status) and time points. Internal consistency was sound (Cronbach's α = 0.908 [baseline], 0.922 [follow-up]; McDonald's ω = 0.909 [baseline], 0.923 [follow-up]). Stability between time points was good (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.834). The two factors of the PSQ-C-13 including constraint and imbalance may adequately measure the level of stress on participants. The PSQ-C-13 is a convenient and efficient instrument that contains valid and reliable psychometric properties.

Effective management of mandibular second premolar with root anomalies

The enigma of successful treatment of mandibular second premolars with taurodontism has been explored for very long due to its rarity of occurrence. This case report aimed to enumerate the successful nonsurgical endodontic management of left mandibular second premolar #35 with three roots and taurodontism. A 34-year-old Saudi male patient with a noncontributory medical history was referred from the prosthodontic department for nonsurgical root canal treatment of tooth #35. Clinical examination revealed rotated clinical crown with caries related to tooth #35. Pulp sensibility cold test of the tooth showed no response, with the absence of pain on percussion and/or visible pocket depth. Radiographic examination showed long and deep pulp chamber and rotated and curved roots with broken apical lamina dura. The tooth was diagnosed with necrotic pulp and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. After making an access to the pulp chamber, two orifices were easily detected while the third one was found by the aid of surgical microscope. The canals were cleaned and shaped using ProTaper Gold file and then obturated with BioCeram Sealer and Gutta-Percha points, using hydraulic bonded obturation technique. Tooth immediately received the final crown. Clinical and radiographical examination after a 3-month follow-up revealed successful peri-apical healing with no symptoms. A literature search was organized to review the past publications about management of mandibular second premolar with taurodontism or anomalies in the root canal system. The search was focused on cases reported in Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The conclusion of the seven selected studies and reported cases revealed that proper visualization with advanced microscopes or computer imaging radiographs, negotiation of the root canals, and efficient instrumentation and obturation enhance endodontic success.

Recent Advances in Biosensors for Detection of COVID-19 and Other Viruses.

This century has introduced very deadly, dangerous, and infectious diseases to humankind such as the influenza virus, Ebola virus, Zika virus, and the most infectious SARS-CoV-2 commonly known as COVID-19 and have caused epidemics and pandemics across the globe. For some of these diseases, proper medications, and vaccinations are missing and the early detection of these viruses will be critical to saving the patients. And even the vaccines are available for COVID-19, the new variants of COVID-19 such as Delta, and Omicron are spreading at large. The available virus detection techniques take a long time, are costly, and complex and some of them generates false negative or false positive that might cost patients their lives. The biosensor technique is one of the best qualified to address this difficult challenge. In this systematic review, we have summarized recent advancements in biosensor-based detection of these pandemic viruses including COVID-19. Biosensors are emerging as efficient and economical analytical diagnostic instruments for early-stage illness detection. They are highly suitable for applications related to healthcare, wearable electronics, safety, environment, military, and agriculture. We strongly believe that these insights will aid in the study and development of a new generation of adaptable virus biosensors for fellow researchers.

Development and Validation of Unmada Symptom Checklist

ABSTRACT Background: Psychosis is explained as Unmada in Ayurveda Medical Science. Types of Unmada are based on Tridosha. General and a specific symptom of Unmada have been explained in classics exclusively. Unmada is alteration in mental functions such as behavior, emotions, intellect, memory, and character. The symptoms of Unmada are (1) Mano vibhrama - altered functions of mind, (2) Buddhi vibhrama - altered discriminative power, judgment, (3) Sanjañā jñāna vibhrama - altered consciousness, (4) Smriti vibhrama - confused memory, (5) Bhakti vibhrama - altered attachment or embellishment, (6) Śīla vibhrama - altered nature or disposition, (7) Cheshta vibhrama - altered motion or gesture, and (8) Ācāra vibhrama - altered custom or practice. Many scales such as the Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale (BPRS) and positive and negative symptom scale are available from the modern perceptive. According to the Ayurveda perceptive, Unmada-specific symptom scale to measure Tridosha in psychotic patients is available, but there is a need for a standard scale to measure general symptoms so that the treatment for behavior, emotions, intellect, and memory can be planned as per the derangement. Hence, this study has been taken. Aims and Objective: The objective of the study was to develop a simple, standardized instrument to assess symptoms of Unmada according to the Ayurveda concepts in the diagnosed patients of psychosis. Methods: This was a descriptive type of study to develop a scale. A 54-item, Unmada symptom checklist (USC) was developed based on symptoms description in Ayurvedic classics and by taking the opinions of experts (five Ayurvedic experts, five psychiatrists, and five psychologists). It was evaluated in 30 patients with the diagnosis of nonaffective psychosis to check the reliability of the instrument. Moreover, the scale was administered on 30 patients who were diagnosed with psychosis. The duration for administration was about 20–25 min. Results: The reliability of a USC was good which was supported by high internal consistency values of Cronbach’s α – 0.9144. Correlation between total scores of BPRS and US was 0.959 and P&lt;0.001, which was considered as statistically significant. Interrater reliability coefficient for each item ranged from 0.627 to 0.951. Correlation, which measures of criterion related validity, was 0.950 with BPRS, which suggested that Ayurveda concepts correlate with modern concepts. Conclusions: An USC is a simple, efficient, reliable, and valid instrument for clinicians to diagnose Unmada in patients according to the Ayurveda concept. However, further research with more number of samples, more diverse groups of psychotic disorders, and a broader range of convergent and discriminant validity are needed.

Напрями та завдання промислової політики України в умовах війни та повоєнного відновлення

The aim of the article is to determine the priorities of industrial policy in the conditions of wartime and in the post-war recovery, to substantiate its efficient instruments for ensuring transformational changes in the economy and the formation of a qualitatively new structure of industry. The article identifies directions of transformational changes in the industry, which consist in ensuring an increase in its structure of the share of industry branches that form high added value, as well as the development of industrial processing of products that are currently exported in the form of raw materials. The necessity of determining the priorities of the State support of strategic industries of Ukraine for the transformation of the industrial structure in the post-war recovery is substantiated. The article proposes a number of measures of the State policy aimed at the regulatory and legal consolidation of the lists of strategic industries and industrial enterprises of Ukraine, maintaining the adaptability and functionality of production chains in strategic industries, laying the financial foundation for the formation of growth points in the strategic industry branches. As the priorities of stimulating industrial processing are defined the processing of agricultural, mineral, both metal and secondary raw materials. Fostering the processing of agricultural raw materials involves stimulating domestic production and the use of equipment for the food processing industry, the formation of cooperatives for the production of finished food products by small and medium-sized enterprises. The implementation of the potential for the processing of mineral and metal raw materials will be ensured by the development of partnership with the EU in the field of critical raw materials, the promotion of attracting international investment in the industry with the provision of their control by the State authorities. Stimulating the recycling requires the identification of promising areas of recycling for the production of final industrial products, the use of available recycling facilities for the processing of waste generated as a result of the war.

Роль реконструктивной микрохирургии в лечении ранений лица

Efficient Combat Casualty Care System aims at saving lives of the wounded as well as regaining their quality of life at the highest possible level. This article provides the data on using revascularized grafts to repair gunshot defects, presents data on the proportion, cause, severity and nature of facial wounds. We also give here recommendations on treatment modalities in these patients. In between the 1 March and the 1 November 2022 in the Center of maxillofacial surgery and dentistry of Main Military Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko we performed 54 reconstructions, 47 of which were microvascular utilizing 49 free flaps. Despite good vasculature in the face, it lacks soft tissues for closing vast gunshot defects. Damaged with high energy projectiles the tissue of the face gives poor bedding to the alloplastic implants, resulting in their exposure. Contemporary level of microvascular technique gives the plastic surgeon an efficient instrument for closing the gunshot defects in early wound healing period. We do not recommend using regional tissues to treat gunshot defects in the first place, because they are usually insufficient to fully resolve the defect, and at the same time it leads to a violation of the anatomy and even greater deformation of the soft tissues surrounding the defect. Titanium re constructive and mesh plates are associated with high rate of exposure in the bone defects and are not to be recommended for the reconstruction either.

Influência do laser de baixa intensidade no tratamento da mucosite oral em pacientes jovens com câncer em tratamento quimioterápico: uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Perform a systematic review of the literature to seek scientific evidence on the effect of low-level laser therapy on duration, degree and pain of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in young patients with cancer. Methods: A bibliographic search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify relevant scientific studies, found through the descriptors “laser therapy”, “phototherapy”, “oral mucositis”, “pediatric patient” and “children” to evaluate this association. Information regarding the degree of mucositis, pain associated with patients, toothbrushing and laser were analyzed characteristics. Results: Of the nine studies, one did not obtain significant results on the healing action of LLLT on oral mucositis and of the eight remaining studies, 83. 3% showed significant evidence of a decrease in the degree of oral mucositis and consequently its duration. With regard to pain, 100% of the studies confirmed its decrease. Conclusion: Low-level laser therapy is considered an efficient instrument for the treatment of oral mucositis on young patients with cancer due to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and healing effects.