Efficient H2 Production Research Articles

Optimization of hydrogen production using a coculture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and activated sludge bacteria

The production of biophotolytic hydrogen (H2) relies on the effective management of oxygen (O2) levels. Coculturing bacteria with microalgae helps mitigate the excess O2 produced by algal cells. After depleting O2, the bacteria activate the enzyme hydrogenase in microalgae, leading to H2 production. In this study, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was cocultured with indigenous bacteria from activated sludge at varying algae-to-bacteria ratios (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3 v/v), with an illumination intensity of 2.8 mmol/m2/s (31 × 103 lux). The 1:1.5 v/v ratio yielded the highest H2 volume (1162 mL/L) and the highest O2 concentration (153.2 mL/L) over a 6-day period. Production of all gaseous components ceased for all ratios as the pH dropped below 4 due to acetate accumulation, and the concentration of acetate reached approximately 1 g/L by the end of each experiment. Gas composition analysis after the first day of coculture revealed that H2, CO2, N2, and O2 constituted 25%–46%, 20%–40%, 5%–30%, and 1%–10% of the total gas volume, respectively. Glucose (10 g/L) was introduced as an external carbon source for all cultures. After 6 days, the coculture maintained a high total organic carbon (TOC) level of 3.1 g/L, whereas the initial TOC ranged between 3.9 and 4.3 g/L. The findings illustrated a significant correlation between H2 production, acetate accumulation levels, and O2 consumption. The algae–activated sludge coculture method substantially enhanced H2 production compared with previously published methods employing only one or two types of bacterial cultures, underscoring its potential for more efficient biophotolytic H2 production.

Defective ZnS yolk-shell nanospheres with sulfur vacancy for efficient sonocatalytic H2 production

In this study, the defective ZnS yolk shell nanospheres are synthesized through a facile solvothermal method followed by a calcination process to introduce sulfur vacancies. The defective ZnS yolk-shell nanospheres show excellent sonocatalytic performance for hydrogen production, as compared to ZnS nanospheres and other commonly used sonocatalysts. The enhanced sonocatalytic activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of the yolk-shell structure and the introduction of sulfur vacancies. Furthermore, the defective ZnS yolk-shell nanospheres demonstrate good stability for sonocatalytic hydrogen production.

Ce-modified Cu nanoparticles with N-doped carbon encapsulation for efficient H2 production from aqueous phase reforming of methanol at low temperatures

Aqueous-phase reforming of methanol (APRM) for both hydrogen (H2) production and high pressure storage shows promising potential in mobile/distributed fuel cell stations or vehicles. Currently, achieving efficient H2 production with low CO selectivity (S-CO) at lower temperatures remains a challenge for its application in these fields (rapid start and running in cycles). Herein, the catalyst of Ce-modified Cu nanoparticles with N-doped carbon encapsulation (Cu-CeO2@PVP catalyst) is developed to give excellent H2 production rate at low temperatures ranging from 110 °C to 180 °C, ensuring excellent hydrothermal stability. The H2 production rate of 32.56 μmol·gcat-1·s−1 at 180 °C is 6.1 times to 10.2 times higher than those of commercial catalysts, which demonstrates its superior performance. The combined effect of Cu+/Cu0 and CeO2 promotes the H2 production from CH3OH/H2O. It also suppresses the CO formation by enhancing the H2O dissociation, CO conversion and HCOOH decomposition in APRM. The stable high purified H2 flow from the integrated slurry bed APRM device can start immediately the fuel cell vehicle without any delay.

Hydrogen Production Through Water Splitting Reactions Using Zn-Al-In Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Photocatalysts Induced by Visible Light

In this study, the synthesis of hybrid photocatalysts of Zn-Al-In mixed metal oxides were activated by using visible light, derived from Zn-Al-In layered double hydroxide (ZnAlIn-LDH), and these nanocomposites demonstrated high efficiency for photocatalytic H2 production under UV light when using methanol as a sacrificial agent. The most active photocatalytic material produced 372 μmol h−1 g−1 of H2. The characterization of these materials included X-ray diffraction (DRX), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray spectroscopy (XEDS), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and N2- physisorption. In addition, the materials were characterized by photoelectrochemical techniques to explain the photocatalytic behavior. Subsequently, the photocatalytic performance for the water-splitting reactions under visible irradiation was evaluated. The ZnAlIn-MMOs with an In/(Al + In) molar ratio of 0.45 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity in tests under visible light, attributed to the efficient separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers originating from the new nanocomposite. This discovery indicates a method for developing new types of heteronanostructured photocatalysts which are activated by visible light.

High-efficiency electrocatalytic hydrogen generation under harsh acidic condition by commercially viable Pt nanocluster-decorated non-polar faceted GaN nanowires

Electrochemical water splitting is vital for green hydrogen production and clean energy. This study introduces a novel approach: platinum nanoclusters (Pt NCs) decorated GaN nanowires (GNWs) on p++-Si substrates to enhance hydrogen generation efficiency. Highly-crystalline GNWs synthesized via commercial metal-organic chemical vapor deposition provide a scalable platform for hydrogen evolution. To address the cost limitations of Pt-based electrocatalysts, we developed a method for loading ultralow Pt NCs via photoelectrochemical deposition. Investigations underscore the Pt–Ga sites' crucial role in promoting efficient H2 production. The Pt NCs/GNWs/p++-Si electrode achieved −10 mA/cm2 current density at +50 mV vs. the RHE and sustained −20 mA/cm2 for 90 h under harsh acidic conditions at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with nearly 100% retention. This study offers insights into efficient and stable electrodes for electrochemical H2 generation.

Photocatalytic H2 production over CoxNi0.85-xSe decorated TiO2 S-scheme heterojunction

The construction of an S-scheme heterojunction facilitates the efficient separation of charges and preserves its high REDOX potential. In this study, a series of CoxNi0.85-xSe(x=0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3and0.4) and TiO2 nanoparticles were both prepared using solvothermal method, and then Co0.3Ni0.55Se was combined with TiO2 to form Co0.3Ni0.55Se/TiO2 heterojunction through a solvent evaporation strategy for efficient photocatalytic H2 production. It found that the H2 production rate of 10 wt%-Co0.3Ni0.55Se/TiO2 composite can reach 10,070.9 µmol∙g−1∙h−1 with TEOA as a sacrificial agent under a simulated sunlight irradiation, which is 307.9, 33.5and 3.3 times higher than those of pure Co0.3Ni0.55Se,TiO2 and 10 wt%-Ni0.85Se/TiO2, respectively. This enhanced performance is primarily attributed to the formation of an S-scheme heterojunction between TiO2 and Co0.3Ni0.55Se, which effectively enhances light absorption capacity and facilitates charge separation and migration during light irradiation processes. Especially, the S-scheme charge separation can retain the active REDOX capacity of electrons in the conduction band of CoxNi0.85-xSe and the holes in the valance band of TiO2, thereby promoting H2 generation. This study demonstrates that CoxNi0.85-xSe serves as a reducing photocatalyst that offers a viable approach for achieving ideal S-scheme heterojunctions.

D-Band Center Engineering of Nickel Nanoparticles Accelerates Water Dissociation for Hydrogen Evolution in Neutral NaCl Solution.

While Pt is highly efficient for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), its widespread use is limited by scarcity and high cost. Herein, a vertically aligned electrocatalyst is present comprising Ni3S2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) and Ni nanoparticles (NPs) (Ni3S2/Ni NTAs) for neutral HER. In a neutral 4 wt.% NaCl solution (pH = 7), the Ni3S2/Ni NTAs achieves a current density of 100mA cm-2 at a low overpotential of 540mV, outperforming both Ni3S2 NTAs and Ni NTAs and even the commercial Pt plate. The hollow tubular structure offers ample mass transfer channels, and strong electronic interaction between Ni3S2 and Ni is observed. Theoretical studies reveal that the lowered d-band center (ɛd) of Ni 3d orbital significantly reduces the activation energy for H2O dissociation and facilitates the movement of an H atom in H2O away from OH to form a transition state, consequently promoting H2 evolution. When Ni3S2/Ni NTAs is used as the cathode in a two-electrode diaphragm-free electrolyzer with a RuSnTi anode, efficient H2 production and energy-saving Cl2 evolution are achieved. This work highlights the potential of uniquely structured electrocatalysts for HER in neutral NaCl solutions.

Dynamic Coordination Engineering of Z‐Scheme (FFV)2PdCl2/C3N4 Heterojunction for Superior Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

AbstractRealizing highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a key challenge. Herein, a (FFV)2PdCl2 complex is developed with dynamic coordination engineering between the PdII site and Fluoflavin (FFV) ligands, and couple it with graphite carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) ultrathin nanosheets to construct a novel Z‐scheme heterojunction ((FFV)2PdCl2/C3N4). The resultant heterojunction delivers a HER activity of 648 µmol h−1 under visible light (λ ≥ 400 nm) illumination and an apparent quantum yield up to 40.1% at 400 nm, far superior to those g‐C3N4‐based catalysts reported previously. Mechanistic and theoretical studies reveal that the dynamic coordination between the PdII site and FFV ligands not only significantly accelerates the electron transfer from g‐C3N4 to (FFV)2PdCl2 and then to the PdII sites via a Z‐scheme mechanism, but also effectively maintain the efficacy and stability of the PdII active sties, and thus the (FFV)2PdCl2/C3N4 with a ultralow Pd‐loading amount (ca. 0.1 wt.%) exhibits the impressive activity and durability. The present dynamic coordination and structural evolution of (FFV)2PdCl2 are also applicable for significantly improving the HER performance of other semiconductors, thus paving a potential way for manufacturing highly efficient and active H2 production systems.

MIL-125-PDI/ZnIn2S4 Inorganic-Organic S-Scheme Heterojunction With Hierarchical Hollow Nanodisc Structure for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from Antibiotic Wastewater Remediation.

Efficient photocatalytic production of H2 from wastewater is expected to address environmental pollution and energy crises effectively. However, the rapid recombination of photoinduced carriers results in low photoconversion efficiency. At present, inorganic-organic S-scheme heterojunction have become a prominent and promising technology. In this study, an organic ligand modified MIL-125-PDI/ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) inorganic-organic S-scheme heterojunction catalyst is designed. ZIS nanosheets are grown on the disc-shaped MIL-125-PDI surface to form a distinctive hollow nanodiscs with hierarchical structure, giving the material an abundance of surface active sites, an optimized electronic structure, and a spatially separated redox surface. Consequently, the optimal 100MIL-125-PDI250/ZIS exhibited high photocatalytic HER of 508.99 µmol g-1 h-1 in Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) solution. Meanwhile, the catalyst achieved complete TC-HCl removal and mineralization rate of 66.62% in 4h. Experimental and theoretical calculations corroborate that the staggered band alignment and work function difference between MIL-125-PDI and ZIS induce the formation of a built-in electric field, thus regulating the charge transfer routes and consequently enhancing charge separation efficiency. The possible photocatalytic mechanism is analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the toxicities of the degradation products are also evaluated. This work presents a green dual-function strategy for H2 production and antibiotic wastewater recycling.

Synthesis of concave Au NRs-Pt-CdS plasmonic photocatalyst with efficient hydrogen production rate

Light-driven water photolysis for hydrogen (H2) generation has been proven to be exceptionally efficient in the field of energy transformation. Nevertheless, the practical applications of many single-component semiconductors still suffer from a relatively low energy conversion efficiency. In this work, concave gold nanorods (Au NRs) with three plasmon resonance modes were synthesized using a one-step method in an aqueous solution. Pt nanoparticles and CdS nanocrystals were rational grown onto Au NRs to design the plasmonic photocatalysts with specific morphology and structure characteristic. Photocatalytic test indicated that concave Au NRs-Pt-CdS hetero-nanostructure possess efficient H2 production rate under visible and near-infrared regions. These findings offer a blueprint for creating a novel group of hetero-nanostructures that combine faceted noble metal nanoparticles with semiconductor materials, demonstrating promise for applications across fields such as photocatalysis and energy storage.

Emerging Trends in CdS-Based Nanoheterostructures: From Type-II and Z-Scheme toward S-Scheme Photocatalytic H2 Production.

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) based heterojunctions, including type-II, Z-scheme, and S-scheme systems emerged as promising materials for augmenting photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) generation from water splitting. This review offers an exclusive highlight of their fundamental principles, synthesis routes, charge transfer mechanisms, and performance properties in improving H2 production. We overview the crucial roles of Type-II heterojunctions in enhancing charge separation, Z-scheme heterojunctions in promoting redox potentials to reduce electron-hole (e-/h+) pairs recombination, and S-scheme heterojunctions in combining the merits of both type-II and Z-scheme frameworks to obtain highly efficient H2 production. The importance of this review is demonstrated by its thorough comparison of these three configurations, presenting valuable insights into their special contributions and capability for augmenting photocatalytic H2 activity. Additionally, key challenges and prospects in the practical applications of CdS-based heterojunctions are addressed, which provides a comprehensive route for emerging research in achieving sustainable energy goals.

Photocatalytic activity of molybdenum-doped LOS- zeolite for efficient dye degradation and hydrogen production

This research investigates the synthesis and application of Losod-zeolite (LOS-Z), a crystalline hydrated sodium aluminosilicate (Na12Al12Si12O48.xH2O) as a potential photocatalyst for dye degradation and H2 production from dye-degraded water. The photocatalytic properties are enhanced by impregnating molybdenum (Mo) into LOS-Z (Mo@LOS-Z). XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and elemental mapping were used to study the physicochemical properties of synthesized materials while UV–vis and PL were employed to explore the optoelectronic properties. The photocatalytic activities for dye degradation and H2 production were evaluated using methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. An enhancement in the efficiency of dye degradation (56%–82%) and H2 production rate was demonstrated due to the competitive photocatalytic performance of 10% Mo@LOS-Z compared to the pristine LOS-Z and CFA-BFA blend. It exhibited 2.5 times higher (∼1200 μmol g−1h−1) H2 production than the LOS-Z (∼480 μmol g−1h−1) due to the synergistic effects of narrowed band gap and recombination rate. This study could pave the way forward into the synthesis of waste-derived photocatalysts for efficient dye degradation and H2 production.

Ultra‐Durable Solar‐Driven Seawater Electrolysis for Sustainable Hydrogen Production

AbstractIons in seawater hinder direct sewage electrolysis due to the extreme corrosion of Cl− to the anode and reaction of Mg2+ and Ca2+ on the cathode producing solid substances, which reduce the electrolytic efficiency. However, traditional desalination consuming fossil fuel with massive CO2 emissions threatens human survival. Therefore, zero‐carbon emission, ultra‐durable, large‐scale production of freshwater from seawater for water electrolysis is urgently needed. Herein, a multifunctional system for seawater is demonstrated electrolysis based on ultra‐durable solar desalination outdoors. The solar evaporators reach an evaporation flux of 1.88 kg m−2 h−1 with a photothermal conversion efficiency of solar energy as high as 91.3% with excellent ultra‐durable salt resistance even for saturated saltwater due to the Marangoni effects. Moreover, the condensation of pure water from solar desalination based on the evaporation system reaches 0.54 L m−2 h−1 outdoors, which is suitable for a 20 cm × 20 cm engineered electrode equipped with a Janus membrane powered by a solar panel to produce H2 outdoors. The ultrafast unidirectional transport of H2 bubbles enabled by Janus membranes can greatly improve the H2 production efficiency at a rate approaching 85 mL h−1 for continuous 24 h outdoors.

Tin-doped titanium dioxide film-enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Electrocatalyst water-splitting based on metal oxide nanocomposites has gained considerable interest in hydrogen evolution applications. Here, undoped titanium dioxide and tin-doped titanium dioxide films (TiO2 and Sn/TiO2, respectively) are presented for highly efficient H2 production applications. The crystal structure analysis is performed by analyzing the XRD patterns using the Rietveld refinement method and the Williamson-Hall method. XRF scans are used to confirm the doping mechanism between Sn and TiO2. The bandgap energies of undoped TiO2 and Sn/TiO2 films are 3.33 and 3.15 eV, respectively. On the other hand, the electrical conductivity values of undoped TiO2 and Sn/TiO2 films are 0.10 and 0.25 mS.cm−1, respectively. The electrochemical H2 production performance of undoped TiO2 and Sn/TiO2 films is investigated through two different methods: potentiostat measurements and analytical methods. It can be concluded that the Sn/TiO2 film exhibits higher HER performance and H2 production efficiency than the undoped TiO2 film.

Optimizing H-adsorption affinity on electron-enriched Pdδ- active sites for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution

Noble metal Pd is a promising H2-evolution cocatalyst and has attracted expansive attention in photocatalytic water splitting. However, the present H2-production rate of Pd cocatalysts is still limited due to its strong hydrogen adsorption on Pd active sites, resulting in poor hydrogen evolution kinetics. In this work, an electron-enriched Pdδ- modulation strategy is developed to weaken the hydrogen adsorption on Pd active sites by producing PdAu alloy, resulting in an increased H2-production rate. In this case, the PdAu homogeneous alloy with a particle size of 9–20 nm is uniformly deposited on the TiO2 surface to produce PdAu-modified TiO2 photocatalysts (TiO2/PdAu). It is found that the prepared TiO2/Pd79Au21 sample achieves the maximal photocatalytic H2-production performance of 31.98 mmol g-1 h−1, which is 1.53 times higher than that of TiO2/Pd photocatalyst. Experimental and theoretical studies show that in addition to the promoted transfer of photogenerated carriers, the PdAu alloy can spontaneously induce the electron transfer from Au to Pd to form electron-enriched Pdδ- sites, which prominently weakens the Pd-Hads bonds and thus improve the H2-production efficiency. This study provides further insight into the rational optimization of active sites to facilitate the design of efficient photocatalysts.

Unveiling the facet-dependent electrocatalytic activity of a 3D-CoSn(OH)6 perovskite material for overall water splitting: Interfacial engineering with Mn3+ and CH3COO- ions

In this study, we report morphologically dependent electrocatalytic oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in an alkaline medium. The bifunctional electrocatalyst such as cobalt tin hydroxide (CoSn(OH)6) was prepared by hydrothermal method. Importantly, tuning the morphological variation of CoSn(OH)6 into cubes, octa- and dodecahedra and their corresponding growth mechanisms are analyzed and explored the electrochemical studies. Among the different morphologies, the CoSn(OH)6 dodecahedron (CTH-DH) displays a substantially enhanced overall electrocatalytic water splitting reaction. It is firmly due to the [Mn3+] and [CH3COO-] ions do enable the morphological progression of the CTH cubic crystals with more facets. The highly active catalytic sites on the facets of CTH-DH permit the adsorption of abundant OH groups during the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Moreover, in a two-electrode system, the CTH-DH ǁ CTH-DH electrolyzer exhibits a cell potential of 1.60 V at 10 mA cm–2 with a remarkable reliable long-term stability. In addition, the structural transformations of the as-prepared CoSn(OH)6 crystals are monitored before and after electrocatalysis using TEM study. As a result, the study highlights the potential of Mn-containing CTH-DH facets as viable electrocatalysts in efficient H2 production.

Unraveling the mechanism of CH3CH2OH dehydrogenation on m-ZrO2(111) surface, Au13 cluster, and Au13 cluster/m-ZrO2(111) surface: A DFT and microkinetic modeling study

The dehydrogenation of CH3CH2OH to produce CH3CHO and H2 is crucial for generating valuable chemicals. This study uses density functional theory (DFT) and microkinetic modeling to elucidate the reaction pathways on the m-ZrO2 (111) surface, Au13 cluster, and Au13 cluster/m-ZrO2(111) surface. Dehydrogenation on both the m-ZrO2(111) surface and Au13 cluster occurs via two key steps. The first step involves the cleavage of the OH bond in CH3CH2OH, forming a CH3CH2O moiety and an OH bond with the lattice oxygen on m-ZrO2 (111) surface or with a low-coordination Au atom in the Au13 cluster, respectively; while the formation of H2 takes place in the second step; however, the results microkinetic modeling render low values for the corresponding rate constants for this reaction path. Although the Au13cluster/m-ZrO2(111) surface introduces an additional step, where the H atom migrates from the m-ZrO2 (111) surface to the Au13 cluster, we shown that the relative energy of the three transition states is similar, the activation barriers are lower, and the rate constants are favorable for the dehydrogenation of CH3CH2OH. These results demonstrate the potential of the Au13 cluster supported on m-ZrO2(111) for efficient and selective CH3CHO and H2 production, providing valuable insights for advanced catalytic system design.

Urea-induced low crystallization of Rh nanoparticles for efficient H2 production

Developing highly efficient catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for advancing renewable hydrogen energy technologies. Heterophase nanomaterials have shown great promise in catalysis, owing to the synergistic effect among various phases and the abundance of active sites located at the phase boundaries or interfaces. However, achieving precise control over these phase structures during synthesis remains a significant challenge. In this work, we explored a one-pot synthesis method for amorphous/crystalline heterophase Rh nanoparticles, with crystallinity tunable by adjusting the quantity of urea and reaction duration. Due to the increased electrochemical active sites, enhanced electron transport, the resulting amorphous/crystalline heterophase Rh exhibits superior HER activities in both acidic (with an overpotential of 27 mV) and alkaline media (with an overpotential of 21 mV), surpassing that of commercial Pt/C and crystalline Rh. Theoretical calculations indicate that the amorphous/crystalline structure reduces the kinetic barrier for water splitting and optimizes adsorption free energy of hydrogen (ΔGH∗), thereby enabling the catalyst to exhibit significantly enhanced HER performance. This exploration offers a valuable reference for designing amorphous/crystalline heterophase structures and demonstrates the great potential of phase engineering strategy in the development of electrocatalysts.

Unravelling the efficiency of CoAl-LDH / g-C3N4 nanosheets: Type-II heterojunction for photocatalytic hydrogen production and dye degradation under solar light irradiation

The generation of hydrogen fuel, and wastewater treatment according to solar-driven catalysis possesses considerable prospective for establishing a carbon-neutral and ecologically sound power infrastructure. Driven by this problem, we suggest in this study, adopting a simple impregnation method, a customized association of CoAl-LDH and graphitic carbon nitride (CN), a visible light active narrow and wide band gap semiconductors. Several characterization approaches were implemented to understand the CoAl-LDH@g-C3N4 (CACN) composites' physiochemical and optical features. The CACN hetero structural forms exhibited significantly improved solar light-induced photocatalytic H2 generation and dye pollutants decomposition in contrast with pristine materials. The most effective catalyst 5 wt% CoAl-LDH@g-C3N4 (5-CACN) generated the highest hydrogen (∼430.7 μmolg−1h−1), which is 11.9-fold H2 production efficiency compared with CN and depicted significant Brilliant black dye removal efficacy via photocatalytic degradation (up to ∼79%). This was primarily ascribed to the development of the Type-II CACN heterojunctions, which promoted the separation of charges and expanded the abundance of surface-active sites while absorbing the visible spectrum of solar light.

Selective Electrooxidation of Crude Glycerol to Lactic Acid Coupled With Hydrogen Production at Industrially-Relevant Current Density.

Transforming glycerol (GLY, biodiesel by-product) into lactic acid (LA, biodegradable polymer monomer) through sustainable electrocatalysis presents an effective strategy to reduce biodiesel production costs and consequently enhance its applications. However, current research faces a trade-off between achieving industrially-relevant current density (>300mA cm-2) and high LA selectivity (>80%), limiting technological advancement. Herein, a Au3Ag1 alloy electrocatalyst is developed that demonstrates exceptional LA selectivity (85%) under high current density (>400mA cm-2). The current density can further reach 1022mA cm-2 at 1.2V versus RHE, superior to most previous reports for GLY electrooxidation. It is revealed that the Au3Ag1 alloy can enhance GLY adsorption and reactive oxygen species (OH*) generation, thereby significantly boosting activity. As a proof of concept, a homemade flow electrolyzer is constructed, achieving remarkable LA productivity of 68.9mmolh-1 at the anode, coupled with efficient H2 production of 3.5 Lh-1 at the cathode. To further unveil the practical possibilities of this technology, crude GLY extracted from peanut oil into LA is successfully transformed, while simultaneously producing H2 at the cathode. This work showcases a sustainable method for converting biodiesel waste into high-value products and hydrogen fuel, promoting the broader application of biodiesel.