Efficient Electrode Material Research Articles

Puffed millet derived bi-functional carbon nitride nano-sheets as efficient photocatalyst and high performance supercapacitor electrode material

The graphitic carbon nitride has been synthesized by eco-friendly method using millet seeds. The thermal puffing effect had turned millet into puffed millet and formed adjacent nanosheets nanostructure. High surface area of g-CN was achieved by using KOH through activation process and nanosheets are in the range of 150–250 nm. CV measurement demonstrated that it has capacitance of 250F/g with high stability and cyclic retention (92.2 %) which are crucial for supercapacitors. The degradation of methyl orange exhibited good photocatalytic performance (efficiency >90 %). This depicts that both “puffing effect” and chemical activation process could change biomaterials into functional materials for practical application.

Cross-linked NiCo2O4 and MnFe2O4 nanosheets wrapped Lentinula edodes-derived carbon as an efficient electrode material

Efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage systems are urgently required because of severe environmental problems and high energy demands. Compared to traditional devices used to store energy, supercapacitors have received extensive attention from researchers referring to their excellent performance. Because of their unique characteristics, carbon generated from biomass and transition metal oxides are commonly employed in supercapacitors and used to prepare effective electrode materials. However, their electrochemical behavior has several limitations. In this study, two types of nanosheets, NiCo2O4 and MnFe2O4 were sprouted on the surface of Lentinula edodes-derived carbon by a simple strategy availing two-step hydrothermal to prepare the composite electrode material with two kinds of nanosheets intercalating and crosslinking on a carbon core (LDC@NiCo2O4/MnFe2O4). In this process, the carbon core, as a stamen, was uniformly covered with nanoflake petals. Under the conditions of 1 A g−1, LDC@NiCo2O4/MnFe2O4 represented a specific capacitance of 1017 F g−1, proving that LDC@NiCo2O4/MnFe2O4 has a huge prospect application in supercapacitors. Futhermore, we manufactured an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) including LDC@NiCo2O4/MnFe2O4 as the positive electrode and activated carbon which was used as a negative electrode. At a power density of 725 W kg−1, the device we fabricated reached an energy density of 24.49 Wh kg−1. Thus, the capacitance retention rate of the ASC device was still 82.3% compared to the initial capacitance of the device after 10,000 cycles. This study provides a comprehensive reference aimed at improving the utilization efficiency of transition metal compound materials in electrochemical energy storage devices.

One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of MWCNTs/NiS/graphitic carbon nitride as next generation asymmetric supercapacitors

Fabricating new electrode materials with high capacitive properties is crucial in contemporary research. The construction of hybrid supercapacitors developed using transition metal-sulfides and carbonaceous materials provides significant surface area and distinctive charge storage characteristics. In the present work, NH2-multiwalled carbon nanotubes/NiS/g-C3N4 (MNG) hybrid was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method, and pristine g-C3N4 using thermal method. The morphological studies of the hybrid materials show the presence of tube like MWCNTs, sphere-like NiS, and sheet like g-C3N4. The uniform distribution of all the components in the hybrid helps in exhibiting excellent electrochemical performances. The prepared electrode material shows a specific capacitance of 2432 F g−1 at a current density of 4 A g−1. Furthermore, following a series of 10,000 cycling tests, the hybrid ternary composite retains 98 % of its initial capacitance. An asymmetric coin cell of MNG//AC was fabricated with an exceptional energy density of 73.3 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 1599.2 W kg−1. This remarkable rate performance and cycle stability exhibited by the material indicate its potential as a highly efficient electrode material for supercapacitors.

Tailoring the innovative Lu2CrMnO6 double perovskite nanostructure as an efficient electrode materials for electrochemical hydrogen storage application

The supply and storage of energy have become one of the most important and fundamental issues for the industrial and human societies, since all human activities are dependent on energy. Among the energy storage systems, hydrogen storage has emerged as a hot topic in the energy sector. A double perovskite Lu2CrMnO6 (LCMO) nanostructure with high electroactive sites has been used, for the first time, as an active material for hydrogen storage. In order to accomplish this goal, eco-friendly LCMO nanostructures were synthesized using a green sol-gel method using a variety of amounts of beetroot juice as fuel. The crystallinity structure, composition, porosity, and morphology of the nanostructures were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), BET, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) techniques. The hydrogen storage performance of products was also studied using chronopotentiometry (ChP), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear polarization analysis conducted in an alkaline medium (KOH 2.0 M). At a current density of 1 mA, the hydrogen storage capacity of the LCMO-10 (with 10 ml beetroot juice) was calculated to be 275 and 570 mAh/g in the first and 15th cycles, respectively, while this value for the LCMO-5 (with 5 ml beetroot juice) was calculated to be 235 and 402 mAh/g under similar conditions, respectively. The resultant indicates that the discharge capacity of LCMO-10 at 15th was 1.4 times greater than that of LCMO-5, which may be due to the special morphology of LCMO-10 with more active sites. Additionally, the discharge capacity of optimum sample (LCMO-10) was investigated using a variety of discharge currents. As a result of the study, the optimum LCMO nanostructure exhibits superior potential as electrode materials for electrochemical hydrogen storage. This study shows that LCMO-10 nanostructures exhibit excellent hydrogen sorption through the physisorption mechanism and redox process, which confirms that the double perovskite LCMO-10 nanostructure can be used for hydrogen storage.

α-Graphyne nanotubes as a promising material for Li-ion battery anodes

Developing high storage capacity of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by applying novel anodes based on nanostructures has been allocated to extensive research. Although, SP2-hybrid carbon nanostructures exhibit a low storage capacity, a two-dimensional (2D) graphyne (Gy) monolayer is proved to be an efficient electrode material due to its large surface area and significant mechanical and chemical properties. Herein, a derivative of Gy called α-graphyne nanotube (αGyNT) is proposed as the anode material of LIBs, in which the adsorption of lithium (Li) on Gy nanobelt (GyNB) (one-segment) and short open-ended GyNTs with different lengths are modeled by implementing of ab initio first-principles calculations. Lithium diffusion behaviors inside and outside of GyNTs has been investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics (ABMD) to calculate open-circuit voltage. The results reveal that Li adsorption energies of short αGyNTs have no regular oscillatory dependence on the number of segments along the tube axis (length of the tubes). Furthermore, the largest storage capacity of C4Li4 (1273.75 mAh/g) was obtained for (4, 4) αGyNTs, which demonstrate better storage capacity compared to single/multiple graphyne nanostructures. The curvature of αGyNTs can enhance the diffusion of Li atoms and leads to promote storage capacities, which suggest these anode materials improve LIBs's performance.

Novel sr-doped NdMn0.5Cr0.5O3-δ electrodes for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have emerged as promising energy conversion devices, offering high efficiency and environmental sustainability. Efficient electrode materials are crucial for the overall cell performance of SOFCs. Perovskite type Nd1-xSrxMn0.5Cr0.5O3-δ (x = 0.25, 0.5) (NSCM25, NSCM50) was synthesized via conventional solid-state reaction technique. Structural, thermal and electrochemical characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, conductivity measurements, scanning electron microscope, thermal expansion coefficient analysis and impedance spectroscopy. Structural analysis revealed that both compositions exhibit orthorhombic symmetry in the Pbnm space group. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated minimal weight changes in both pre-reduced and as-prepared samples. The electrical conductivities in air at 600 ℃ were found to be 1.69 S/cm for NSCM25 and 4.91 S/cm for NSCM50, with a decrease observed under reduced oxygen partial pressure. Polarization resistance (Rp) analysis was conducted on symmetrical cells composed of NSCM25|GDC|NSCM25, NSCM50|GDC|NSCM50, NSCM25|YSZ|NSCM25, and NSCM50|YSZ|NSCM50. At 900 ℃, the polarization resistances were 0.12 Ωcm2, 0.21 Ωcm2, 0.11 Ωcm2, and 0.67 Ωcm2, respectively. The results suggest that NSCM25 and NSCM50 hold promise as electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells (SSOFC) employing YSZ or GDC electrolyte.

Synthesis of 1D nanorod and 2D nanoflake mixed structures of nickel cobaltite: an efficient diffusion-controlled electrode material for asymmetric supercapacitor application

Synthesis of 1D nanorod and 2D nanoflake mixed structures of nickel cobaltite: an efficient diffusion-controlled electrode material for asymmetric supercapacitor application

Synthesis and electrochemical testing of novel doped polyaniline and biomass‐derived carbon‐based composite for supercapacitors

AbstractThis work reports the synthesis and testing of doped polyaniline (PANI) and Pisum sativum derived activated carbon (PSAC) based composite as efficient electrode material for supercapacitors. The structure, morphology, elemental analysis, and surface area of the materials were studied using x‐ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x‐rays, Raman spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The electrochemical performance of the material was investigated by deposition of it on two different substrates named stainless steel (SS) and stainless‐steel mesh (SS mesh). The PSAC/PANI composite exhibited a specific capacitance of 446 and 517 F g−1 on SS and SS mesh respectively, at the scan rate of 5 mV s−1. The composite material showed higher cyclic stability on SS mesh with 91% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 2 A g−1. It delivered a specific energy of 89 and 101 W h kg−1 on SS and SS mesh at a specific power of 5000 W kg−1, respectively.

Imine-Linked π-Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks as an Efficient Electrode Material for Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage

Imine-Linked π-Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks as an Efficient Electrode Material for Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage

Novel spinel based high entropy oxide as electrode for symmetric SOFCs

Fabrication of symmetric electrodes for intermediate temperature SOFCs can significantly reduce fuel cell production costs without compromising efficiency. Herein, we report a novel spinel based high entropy oxide (CuLiFeCoNi)1.4Mn1.6O4-δ (CM-HEO) that exhibit better symmetric electrode properties than the parent spinel oxide, Cu1.4Mn1.6O4-δ (CM). The prepared HEO exhibited good structural and thermal stability up to 800 °C as inferred from the XRD, Raman and TGA-DSC results. Temperature-programmed reduction and desorption profiles of CM-HEO outperformed CM by exhibiting hydrogen adsorption and lower CO2 desorption across different temperature ranges. The enhancement of Lewis acid-base sites is evident from the XPS analysis validating the observed increase in HOR and ORR activity. The high electrocatalytic activity of the material arise from its lower activation energies (0.27 eV in air, 0.09 eV in dry H2 and 0.03 eV in dry CH4) with a polarisation resistances of 0.152 Ωcm2 under ambient atmosphere and 0.044 Ωcm2 under dry H2. These findings exalt CM-HEO as an efficient symmetric SOFC electrode material.

Facile Synthesis of Ag-Doped Urchin-like MnO2 on Carbon Cloth for Supercapacitors.

Based on MnO2/carbon cloth (CC) composite materials, an Ag-doped MnO2 nanowire, self-assembled, urchin-like structure was synthesized in situ on the surface of CC using a simple method, and a novel and efficient flexible electrode material for supercapacitors was developed. The morphology, structure, elemental distribution, and pore distribution of the material were analyzed using SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and BET. The electrochemical performance was tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD). In the three-electrode system, GCD testing showed that the specific capacitance of the material reached 520.8 F/g at 0.5 A/g. After 2000 cycles at a current density of 1 A/g, the capacitance retention rate was 90.6%, demonstrating its enormous potential in the application of supercapacitor electrode materials.

Enriched supercapacitive performance of electrochemically tailored β-Co(OH)2/CoOOH nanodiscs from sacrificial Co3(PO4)2·4H2O microbelts

Electrochemically induced structural reconstruction process of metal precursors into their corresponding metal hydroxides/(oxy)hydroxides is developed as an ingenious strategy towards preparing efficient electrode material. However, the influence of electrochemical activation on the charge storage ability of electrode material is barely explored. Herein, we have utilized a synthetic strategy (solvothermal reaction in water:ethanol mixture) to prepare Co3(PO4)2·4H2O microbelts and subsequently applied the electrochemical bulk reconstruction process in 1 M KOH electrolyte. A thorough physical and electrochemical characterization unveil that the electrode material is converted into redox active site rich β-Co(OH)2/CoOOH nanodiscs via etching of lattice anionic PO43− moieties. The material possesses a specific capacitance of 386 F g−1at a current density of 0.25 A g−1. Additionally, a hybrid device constructed with β-Co(OH)2/CoOOH nanodiscs and activated charcoal (AC) as positive and negative electrodes has achieved a high energy density of 13.33 Wh Kg−1at a power density of 400 W kg−1. Further, the device displayed a good capacitance retention of 93 % (columbic efficiency ~98 %) up to 10,000 cycles. The improved charge storage of reconstructed material with abundant redox active sites could be attributed to the facile diffusion of electrolyte ions into the bulk of the material.

Fabrication and Investigation of a MoS2/Fe3O4/PANI Composite for Supercapacitor Applications

AbstractThis study investigates a successful fabrication of MoS2/Fe3O4/PANI composite by chemical co‐precipitation method. The facile hydrothermal approach was employed to synthesize a MoS2/Fe3O4 composite, followed by the utilization of a conventional chemical oxidation strategy to produce a PANI coating on the composite, thereby generating an active material for electrochemical reactions and a structure facilitating the transportation of ions via multiple pathways. The fabricated MoS2/Fe3O4/PANI composite was characterized by SEM, ICP, XRD, FT‐IR, and so on. In this study, we delved into the electrochemical charge storage feature of MoS2/Fe3O4/PANI. The electrochemical characteristics of the nanocomposite were assessed through the implementation of cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronopotentiometry techniques in a 3 M KOH electrolytic solution, utilizing nickel foam as both a material support and current collector for two electrode configurations. The findings indicate that MoS2, as the support matrix, possesses notable attributes such as a substantial surface area, elevated electrical conductivity, and varied oxidation states. As a result, the electrical conductivity performance of the MoS2/Fe3O4/PANI composite, which includes well‐dispersed Fe3O4 nano‐cubes on the surfaces of MoS2, is significantly enhanced. In comparison to pure Fe3O4, the resultant composite revealed improved specific capacitances of 401 F/g at 1.25 A g−1, along with outstanding cyclic stability of 89.3 even after undergoing 5000 cycles. The superior electrochemical properties observed may be ascribed to both the proficient electrical conductivity of MoS2 and the incorporation of Fe3O4 particles, which are anchored onto the MoS2. The results prove that MoS2/Fe3O4/PANI hybrid composite holds as highly efficient electrode material for supercapacitor.

Hierarchical network-like Ni-Mn-S/NiMn-LDH nanostructure as efficient electrode material for high-rate and long cycle life hybrid supercapacitors

In the present work, we have developed a facile binder-free approach to design a hierarchical network-like nanostructure electrode onto the nickel foam (NF) using the combination of hydrothermal synthesis followed by an electrochemical deposition route. Based on the physicochemical properties and the electrochemical measurements, the integrated Ni-Mn-S/NiMn-LDH electrode delivers an extremely good specific capacitance of 2611.8F/g at 1 A/g and superior cyclic stability with 90.7 % capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles, along with 98.9 % coulomb efficiency. Accordantly, benefiting from the combination of structural and compositional advantages along with the multivalent state of Ni and Mn elements provide more active sites, prominent synergy, and short ion transport paths, which impressively improved the electrochemical performance of Ni-Mn-S/NiMn-LDH. Likewise, the assembled Ni-Mn-S/NiMn-LDH/NF//AC asymmetric device displays an excellent electrochemical behavior with a high energy density of 60.9 Wh kg−1 at a significant power density of 800 W kg−1 alongside the superior life-stability. Furthermore, nine blue LED indicators can be lit up for 1500 s when two ASCs connected in parallel. These results render an optimistic prospect of the Ni-Mn-S/NiMn-LDH in electrode materials for practical application in developing energy storage systems.

Pine-derived porous carbon for efficient capacitive deionization and the role of its hierarchical pore structure

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a low-energy, eco-friendly, and economically viable technology for seawater desalination. In the desalination process of CDI, the pore structure characteristics of electrode materials play a crucial role. In this study, the carbon materials with a hierarchical pore structure were prepared through high-temperature carbonization and KOH activation using pine powder as raw material. When the pine-derived porous carbon (PPC) was used as an electrode material, it was found that its specific capacitance is remarkably consistent with the specific surface area of the mesopores. This discovery provides guidance for further optimization and regulation of biomass-derived carbon electrode materials. The desalination performance of the PPC electrode was studied in detail by CDI and flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) devices. In NaCl solution with an initial concentration of 700 ppm, the equilibrium adsorption capacities in CDI and FCDI systems are 24.96 mg g−1 and 23.12 mg g−1, respectively. Particularly in FCDI tests, the average adsorption rate reaches 23.3 μg cm−2 min−1, and the desalination rate reaches 98.96 %. The PPC shows an excellent desalination performance, making it a promising efficient electrode material for electrochemical desalination.

Facile fabrication of BiFeO3/g-C3N4 nanohybrid as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor application

The motivation for developing nanostructured electrode materials arises from the increasing demands of energy requirements of the upcoming generation due to excessive use of fossil fuels. The latest eco-friendly energy storage devices like supercapacitors that offers significant economic and environmental advantages, which possesses prolonged lifespan and a remarkable power density. In this study, structural evolution and electrochemical performance of BiFeO3@g-CN electrode material is characterized. The electrochemical properties of BiFeO3@g-CN are determined by using different analytical tests. The specific capacitance of pure BiFeO3 and BiFeO3@g-CN composite shows 557 and 1164 F/g, respectively calculating from galvanostatic charge-discharge plots. A number of factors, including the presence of several transition metal oxide, specific surface area (SSA), a nitrogen-rich structure of g-CN that allows quick ion transport which contributes to enhanced electrochemical efficiency. The material's structural stability was confirmed by its electrochemical stability after the 5000th cycle after 50 h. The BiFeO3@g-CN showed a lower charge transfer resistance (0.3 Ω) evaluated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. The improvement in electrochemical properties of BiFeO3@g-CN electrode material indicates its potential suitability for integration into supercapacitors. The material's exceptional stability demonstrates its potential as a viable candidate for next-generation energy storage devices.

Growth of binder-free highly efficient supercapacitors electrode materials based on nickel sulfide nanostructures anchored on hierarchical nickel foam

The synthesis of highly efficient supercapacitor electrode materials (E-Ms) based on innovative nanostructured nickel sulfide is necessarily to reduce the energy crises. Herein, the highly efficient E-Ms based on nickel sulfide nanostructures are synthesized by a simple, home-made and cost-effective chemical vapor deposition technique. The values of structural parameters like peak intensity (292.63–359.58) and crystallite size (36.78–39.06 nm) of nickel sulfide E-Ms are increased while the values of dislocation density (7.46–6.55 nm−2) are decreased with increasing weight of sulfur powder. The microstructural features of nickel sulfide E-Ms is changed from irregular nano-sheets to nanoclusters with increasing weight of sulfur powder. The values of electrochemical parameters like specific capacitance (calculated from cyclic voltammetry and galvanometric charge–discharge profiles) of nanostructured nickel sulfide E-Ms are ranged from 5139 to 2804 F/g at 1 mVs−1 and 3079–1246 at 12 A/g respectively. The values of energy density are found to 52–28 Wh/kg (at power density = 2100 W/kg) are decreased to 21–7 Wh/kg (at power density = 6144 W/kg) with increasing weight of sulfur power (50–100 mg) respectively. The excellent cyclic stability and capacity retention (99–93 %) of nanostructured nickel sulfide E-Ms are observed. The appearance of negligibly small semicircle in electrochemical impedance analysis (in high frequency region) and the small equivalent series resistance (0.33–0.38 Ω) confirm the nanostructured nickel sulfide E-Ms can be used as highly efficient pseudocapacitor with 74 % capacitive nature. The Dunn’s Model simulation also predicts that the capacitive contribution of nanostructured nickel sulfide E-Ms is increased up to 74 % with increasing scan rates and thus can be used as highly efficient pseudocapacitor in portable energy storage devices. Results demonstrate that the highly electrochemical efficient pseudocapacitor based on nanostructures nickel sulfide can be synthesized by the said simple technique.

Construction of chitosan-supported nickel cobaltite composite for efficient electrochemical capacitor and water-splitting applications

The construction of highly efficient electrode material is of considerable interest, particularly for high capacitance and water-splitting applications. Herein, we present the preparation of a NiCo2O4-Chitosan (NC@Chit) nanocomposite using a simple hydrothermal technique designed for applications in high capacitance and water-splitting. The structure/composition of the NC@Chit composite was characterized using different analytical methods, containing electron microscope (SEM and TEM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). When configured as an anode material, the NC@Chit displayed a high capacitance of 234 and 345 F g−1 (@1Ag−1 for GC/NC and NC@Chit, respectively) in an alkaline electrolyte. The direct use of the catalyst in electrocatalytic water-splitting i.e., HER and OER achieved an overpotential of 240 mV and 310 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. The obtained Tafel slopes for OER and HER were 62 and 71 mV dec−1, respectively whereas the stability and durability of the fabricated electrodes were assessed through prolonged chronoamperometry measurement at constant for 10 h. The electrochemical water splitting was studied for modified nickel cobaltite surface using an impedance tool, and the charge transfer resistances were utilized to estimate the electrode activity.

Synergism of Holmium Orthovanadate/Phosphorus-Doped Carbon Nitride Nanocomposite: Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide.

Developing efficient and robust electrode materials for electrochemical sensors is critical for real-time analysis. In this paper, a hierarchical holmium vanadate/phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride (HoVO4/P-CN) nanocomposite is synthesized and used as an electrode material for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The HoVO4/P-CN nanocomposite exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity at a peak potential of -0.412 V toward H2O2 reduction in alkaline electrolytes while compared with other reported electrocatalysts. The HoVO4/P-CN electrochemical platform operated under the optimized conditions shows excellent analytical performance for H2O2 detection with a linear concentration range of 0.009-77.4 μM, a high sensitivity of 0.72 μA μM-1 cm-2, and a low detection limit of 3.0 nΜ. Furthermore, the HoVO4/P-CN-modified electrode exhibits high selectivity, remarkable stability, good repeatability, and satisfactory reproducibility in detecting H2O2. Its superior performance can be attributed to a large specific surface area, high conductivity, more active surface sites, unique structure, and synergistic action of HoVO4 and P-CN to benefit enhanced electrochemical activity. The proposed HoVO4/P-CN electrochemical platform is effectively applied to ascertain the quantity of H2O2 in food and biological samples. This work outlines a promising and effectual strategy for the sensitive electrochemical detection of H2O2 in real-world samples.

RuO2 Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Media: Mechanism, Activity Promotion Strategy and Research Progress.

Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) under acidic conditions outperforms alkaline water electrolysis in terms of less resistance loss, higher current density, and higher produced hydrogen purity, which make it more economical in long-term applications. However, the efficiency of PEMWE is severely limited by the slow kinetics of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), poor catalyst stability, and high cost. Therefore, researchers in the past decade have made great efforts to explore cheap, efficient, and stable electrode materials. Among them, the RuO2 electrocatalyst has been proved to be a major promising alternative to Ir-based catalysts and the most promising OER catalyst owing to its excellent electrocatalytic activity and high pH adaptability. In this review, we elaborate two reaction mechanisms of OER (lattice oxygen mechanism and adsorbate evolution mechanism), comprehensively summarize and discuss the recently reported RuO2-based OER electrocatalysts under acidic conditions, and propose many advanced modification strategies to further improve the activity and stability of RuO2-based electrocatalytic OER. Finally, we provide suggestions for overcoming the challenges faced by RuO2 electrocatalysts in practical applications and make prospects for future research. This review provides perspectives and guidance for the rational design of highly active and stable acidic OER electrocatalysts based on PEMWE.