Efficient Transfer Research Articles

Semiconductor heterojunctions coated with reduced graphite oxide as electron transfer materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Exploring and insight into the relationship between the microstructure, light absorption performance, and carrier transport of perovskite light absorption layer materials and carrier transport layer materials is crucial for obtaining efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. We adopted a simple strategy to prepare a composite material known as reduced graphene oxide wrapped mesoporous hierarchical TiO2-CdS semiconductor heterojunctions (TiO2-CdS-RGO) as the electron transport layer in formamidine lead iodide perovskite solar cells. Compared with single TiO2 and binary composite, this composite material exhibits enhanced photoluminescence quenching, reduced photo generated carrier recombination rate, and improved electron transfer capability. Photovoltaic devices based on TiO2-CdS-RGO composite material showed a 14.5% increase in short-circuit current density (JSC) and a 36.3% increase in photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to those with only TiO2. The improved optoelectronic properties observed with the TiO2-CdS-RGO as electron transfer layers can be attributed to several factors. on the one hand, mesoporous TiO2 with a high specific surface area is beneficial for perovskite infiltration and enhances electron transfer rate. On the other hand, the well-matching energy level structure among the three components aids in electrons extraction and reduces the recombination rate of photo generated charge carriers; In addition, RGO nanosheets with high conductivity serve as an efficient electron transfer network, providing a rapid charge transfer pathways, which is crucial for enhancing the photoelectric conversion performance of perovskite solar cells.

Thermal analysis of constant surface area tapered helical Coils: Insights from numerical modelling

Helical coils are integral to numerous engineering and domestic applications, from room heaters and vehicle suspensions to nuclear reactors, owing to their high surface area-to-volume ratio that facilitates efficient heat transfer. This study investigates the natural convection heat transfer characteristics of tapered helical coils under radiative heat loss, focusing on both straight and inverted configurations, within an unconfined air medium. The numerical simulations were validated against experimental results with a maximum deviation of 5 % before proceeding to establish the numerical findings. The analysis considers geometric parameters such as non-dimensional pitch (p*), cone angle (θ), and emissivity (ε), along with Rayleigh number (Ra), to elucidate their impact on average Nusselt number (Nu), mass flow rate of air through the coil core, and heat transfer mechanisms. Results reveal distinct behaviors for straight and inverted coils, with varying Ra and θ influencing heat transfer dynamics and airflow patterns. Notably, inverted coils exhibit enhanced heat transfer characteristics compared to straight coils. For straight coils, Nu initially decreases with increasing θ at lower Ra but rises beyond a critical θ at higher Ra due to independent heat dissipation by the coil turns. When θ changes from 0° to 50° at p* = 6, the change in average Nu is approximately 3 % and 10 % for Ra = 108 and 104 respectively. In contrast, for inverted coils, Nu increases with θ across all Ra, owing to the wider top opening facilitating airflow. Furthermore, empirical correlations are developed to predict Nu based on key parameters, achieving high accuracy with deviations of ± 6 % and ± 4 % for straight and inverted coils, respectively. These correlations provide robust tools for optimizing thermal management in diverse applications. Overall, this study contributes significant insights into tapered coil performance, essential for advancing heat transfer technology and design optimization.

A stratified review of COVID-19 infection forecasting and an efficient methodology using multiple domain-based transfer learning

The initial outbreak of COVID-19 was reported in December 2019, China. The pandemic has led to unforeseen challenges, causing unimaginable devastation of the economic and social disruption since its inception. An effective approach for forecasting infections will be beneficial for the health sector and administration in better strategic planning and proficient management of all necessary schemes towards preventive and curative treatments. Most existing studies consider image dataset for COVID-19 prediction, whereas studies involving structural data are very rare. Thus, initially the main focus of this paper is to provide an exhaustive review that discusses about COVID-19 forecasting papers with emphasis on structural data. Then, this paper introduces a pioneering approach to COVID-19 infection forecasting, utilizing structural datasets instead of traditional image datasets. It presents a novel multi-source transfer-learning framework to enhance prediction accuracy, integrating demographic, economic, and COVID-19 data for intra-provincial spread forecasts. The COVID-19 forecasting depends on several parameters such as its current statistics, geographical area, population density and economic status like GDP etc. However, the dataset generated for an individual province of a country is alone inadequate for the precise forecast, as it faces data scarcity. Thus, transfer learning helps in such cases, where the dataset has been collected from multiple provinces. Since, it is a time-series data, thus we also consider lagged features for efficient prediction of COVID cases. Thus, apart from the detailed review, this study also aims to develop robust machine learning models by proposing a novel and efficient multi-source transfer learning technique for accurate forecasting of COVID-19 in a province. The proposed approach has been evaluated over a wide range of datasets involving sixty-two different provinces belonging to a diverse set of countries. We also performed hyperparameter tuning using Bayesian optimisation to optimise the machine learning models used. Later, we performed Friedman and Nemenyi test to compare the results generated from different models. Empirical evidence proved that forecasting using the proposed approach is much more precise with the simpler models such as Decision Trees as compared to complex models. In cases of data scarcity, when target domain data could not be used for training/fine-tuning the models simpler models are far more powerful due to their generalization capabilities than complex models. Hence, the proposed methodology is promising and valuable for governments and organizations to deal with the challenges of any pandemic outbreak for better healthcare planning and management, even when the data is in scarcity.

Thermal performance analysis and optimization of a heat pipe-based electronic thermal management system using experimental data-driven neuro-genetic technique

Heat pipes are highly efficient heat transfer devices and are used widely to dissipate heat generated by electronic components, thereby maintaining their operating temperatures and preventing overheating. The present study deals with the thermal performance prediction of a cylindrical heat pipe (length 380 mm) based electronic thermal management system using steady-state experimental investigation. The experiments are conducted under varying operational conditions, including heat inputs (10–50 W), condenser cooling water inlet temperatures (288.15, 293.15, and 298.15 K), and flow rates (10, 25, and 40 LPH). The study shows that the evaporator temperature of the heat pipe consistently rises with the increase in heat inputs for all tested conditions. The lowest evaporator temperature (311.42 K) is noticed for the cooling water inlet temperature of 288.15 K across all heat inputs. Notably, at 10 LPH, the heat pipe supplied with cooling water at 288.15 K exhibits reductions of up to 1.47 % and 2.29 % compared to 293.15 K and 298.15 K, respectively. Similar trends are also observed at 25 LPH and 40 LPH. The heat pipe’s thermal resistance is lowest (0.95 K/W) at a cooling water inlet temperature of 298.15 K. At 10 LPH, there are reductions of 10.19 % and 5.62 % compared to 288.15 K and 293.15 K, and at 40 LPH, reductions are 15.66 % and 7.89 %. The heat pipe’s evaporator heat transfer coefficient also plays a significant role and is maximum for the cooling water inlet temperature of 288.15 K at a flow rate of 10 LPH. To understand the complex behavior of the heat pipe and for better prediction of its thermal performance, a neuro-genetic (experimental data-driven artificial neural network and genetic algorithm) optimization technique is considered in the study. This predicts the optimal combination of operating parameters (heat input, cooling water inlet temperature, and flow rate) to minimize the heat pipe’s evaporator wall temperature which is found to be 312.54 K at a heat input of 10 W, flow rate of 10 LPH, and cooling water inlet temperature of 289.14 K. These input combinations are further validated through the experiments and the error in the heat pipe’s evaporator temperature is found to be 0.66 % only. Overall, this neuro-genetic technique underscores the importance of optimizing operational parameters for enhanced heat pipe performance and offers valuable insights for electronic cooling systems.

Development of highly stable low supercooling paraffin nano phase change emulsions for thermal management systems

Current research on thermal management systems focuses on aspects such as structural optimization of liquid cooling channels, with less research on the development of cooling media. Phase change emulsions, as latent heat functional fluids with significant potential, enhance heat transfer efficiency and temperature control in thermal management systems. However, the issues of significant supercooling and poor stability have hindered the further development of phase change emulsions. In this study, a highly stable, low-supercooling paraffin nano emulsion was successfully prepared by ultrasonication using SDBS, Span80, and Tween80 as composite surfactants and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as nucleating agents. It was found that the emulsion maintained excellent stability for 180 days of static stability and 200 thermal cycles without significant stratification. Subsequently, thermophysical property tests showed that the emulsion had a latent heat of phase transition of 45.48 J·g−1, and maintained good electrical insulating properties. The successful dispersion of 0.9 wt% titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the presence of SDBS resulted in a 77 % reduction in supercooling and a 20.5 % increase in thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, no instability was observed in the emulsion over 90 days of static stability test and 200 thermal cycles. The titanium dioxide-modified paraffin nano emulsions are characterized by high energy storage density, low supercooling, excellent stability, high thermal conductivity, and good electrical insulating properties, which give them significant potential as a cooling medium in thermal management systems.

Experimental study on thermal–hydraulic performance of a nature-inspired mini-channel heat exchanger manufactured by 3D printing

Zigzag-channel printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) are widely used in nuclear energy, solar energy, and aerospace due to their good heat transfer performance. However, the high flow resistance of zigzag channels leads to large pumping power consumption and thus limits the overall performance. Although previous modified channels could reduce the flow resistance of PCHEs, they also bring a decrease in the heat transfer efficiency. Inspired by river islands, this study proposes a novel nature-inspired channel. The nature-inspired channel heat exchanger, along with a traditional zigzag-channel heat exchanger, were manufactured by 3D printing. The high-temperature air-air flow and heat transfer experiments show that the nature-inspired channel heat exchanger increases the average heat transfer rate by 1.5% and significantly reduces the pressure drop by 34.85%. The addition of airfoil fins at the corners effectively alleviates the flow resistance caused by flow separation, reattachment, and collisions, leading to a higher Nusselt number and lower Fanning friction factor. The Nusselt number of nature-inspired channel is 59% higher than that of the zigzag channel with a 15° inclined angle. This work demonstrates that the nature-inspired channel could significantly reduce the flow resistance while maintaining high heat transfer efficiency compared with the traditional zigzag channel.

General synthesis of single-crystalline Ta2O5 nanorods towards enhanced photocatalytic H2 production activity.

As a potential candidate for photocatalytic H2 production from water splitting, Ta2O5 catalyst presents suitable conduction and valence band positions, but suffers from poor charge transfer ability, which seriously limits its photocatalytic performance enhancement. Here, a facile and eco-friendly hydrothermal method was developed for the fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) Ta2O5 nanorods using the freshly precipitated tantalic acids as the precursors. An oriented attachment mechanism was proposed for the growth of Ta2O5 nanorods. Moreover, the present synthetic approach was further extended to direct synthesis of nine kinds of alkaline tantalates and alkaline-earth tantalates nanostructures, suggesting its general applicability. A significant increase in activity in photocatalytic H2 production was revealed on 1D Ta2O5 nanorods. The improved photocatalytic H2 production activity of Ta2O5 nanorods was mainly attributed to its 1D nanorods structure with high crystallization and large specific surface areas as well as excellent charge transfer efficiency.

Mechanism and toxicity assessment of Cu0/Fe3O4 activated persulfate based on the acceleration cycle of Fe3+/Fe2+ for the degradation of methyl orange

Accelerating the circulation of Fe3+/Fe2+ contributed to the production of SO4·- during persulfate activation in the treatment of refractory wastewater. In this study, magnetic Cu0/Fe3O4 was prepared to enhance the Fe3+/Fe2+ circulation and the separation of Cu0/Fe3O4. The composition, structure, catalytic activity and toxicity of Cu0/Fe3O4 were investigated. The degradation mechanisms of MO were investigated, as well as the toxicity of MO and the breakdown products were evaluated. The results showed that Cu0/Fe3O4(1:3) was more efficient for PS activation as compared with single Cu0 or single Fe3O4. Removal efficiency of MO was up to 94.2 % and ·OH and 1O2 played the dominant role. Cu0 and in-situ generated Cu+ accelerated the circulation of Fe3+/Fe2+ and electron transfer efficiency from Cu0/Fe3O4(1:3) to PS. MO molecule was effectively decomposed through hydroxylation and the cleavage of NC and NN bonds. The leachate toxicity of Cu0/Fe3O4(1:3) was low, and the toxicity of intermediate products produced during the reaction was significantly less than MO. In conclusion, this study proposed a feasible pathway for rapid cycle of Fe3+/Fe2+ on the Fe3O4 surface and separation of Cu0 by using Cu0/Fe3O4 as a promising activator for PS, effectively improving the degradation efficiency of MO.

Melting performance of Molten Salt with nanoparticles in a novel triple tube with leaf-shaped fins

Energy demand has greatly increased today and phase change storage technology is rapidly growing due to its renewable nature. This study explores a new Triple Tube Heat Exchanger (TTHX) model, which divides phase change materials (PCMs) into two regions to improve the connection between TTHX and PCM, to improve the thermal conductivity of PCMs with different fins' number, arrangement, and angle, consequently enhancing thermal storage efficiency. A more efficient exchanger is developed by using Molten Salt as PCM and adding TiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles with different concentrations. Liquid fraction, temperature, and velocity obtained from numerical simulation are employed to characterize thermal storage efficiency. ANSYS 2022R1 is used for pre-modelling and numerical computations. The simulation results are turned into graphs and charts for PowerPoint and Origin analysis. We find that PCM's heat transfer efficiency is increased by 34.3% when effective fins are added, and the addition of 5%TiO2 further increases it by 8.73%. With the addition of Al2O3 and its concentration variation, combined with the effective fins, the heat transfer efficiency of the PCM can be enhanced by 40.73%.

Framework-Induced Electrochemiluminescence Enhancement of an AIEgen-Based MOF Coupled with Heterostructured TiO2@Ag NPs as an Efficient Coreaction Accelerator for Sensitive Biosensing.

In conventional metal-organic framework (MOF) luminophore-involved electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systems, the aggregation-caused quenching commonly exists for the organic luminescent ligands, limiting the ECL efficiency and detection sensitivity. Herein, by employing the aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) 1,1,2,2-tetra(4-carboxylbiphenyl)ethylene (H4TCBPE) as a ligand, one high-efficiency ECL emitter (Zr-MOF) was synthesized through a simple hydrothermal reaction. Compared with H4TCBPE monomers and their aggregates, the resultant Zr-MOF possesses the strongest ECL emission, which is mainly attributed to the framework-induced ECL enhancement. Specifically, the heterostructure was prepared by the deposition of silver nanoparticles on TiO2 microflowers and utilized as an efficient coreaction accelerator. Remarkably, the formative heterojunction can increase the interfacial charge transfer efficiency and promote the carrier separation, facilitating the oxidation of coreactant tripropylamine. In this way, a novel aptamer-mediated ECL sensing platform is constructed, achieving the sensitive analysis of adenosine triphosphate with a low detection limit of 0.17 nM. As a proof-of-concept study, this work may enlighten the rational design of new-type MOF-based ECL materials and expand the application scope of the ECL technology.

Chitosan-amidated lignin aerogel beads efficiently loaded with lanthanum hydroxide for phosphate removal from aqueous solutions

Developing phosphorus removal adsorbents with high adsorption performance and excellent structural stability remains a challenge. Herein, a chitosan (CS) - amidated lignin (AL) gel-bead adsorbent with high efficiency in immobilizing lanthanum hydroxide (La(OH)3) was fabricated via an in situ precipitation and freeze-drying strategy (abbreviated as La@ALCSx). The abundant hydroxyl and amino groups in CS promoted excellent loading of La(OH)3 on the surface and inside of the adsorbent. The introduction of lignin enhanced the structural stability of the beads along with the mass transfer efficiency. Owing to the porous structure and high La utilization, the adsorption capacity of La@ALCS2 reached 130.52 mg P g−1. Intra-sphere complexation of La(OH)3 with phosphate resulted in high adsorption selectivity of La@ALCS2. Moreover, the millimeter-sized of La@ALCS2 has favourable recoverability and maintains high adsorption performance after five adsorption-desorption cycles. Characterization analysis indicated that electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange were the main adsorption mechanisms. The excellent phosphorus removal efficiency, separation efficiency and recyclability of La@ALCSx provide a viable solution for the remediation of phosphate contaminated waters.

Electrochemically-induced metal–oxygen bond Cu(II)-[rad]SO5− on novel CuBi2O4 anode for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation

Transition metal oxide catalysts had the limitation of a slow electron transfer rate in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) during wastewater treatment. In this work, we developed a novel copper bismuthate (CuBi2O4) anode using a catalyst drop casting method to efficiently activate PMS through electrochemically induced metal–oxygen bonds for herbicide prometon (PMT) degradation. The PMT removal rate in the EC/CuBi2O4 anode/PMS system was 74.60 %, which was much greater than the simple superposition of CuBi2O4 catalyst-activated PMS alone (4.88 %) and FTO anode electrically activated PMS (32.15 %). The CuBi2O4 fixed on the anode surface accelerated the electron transfer efficiency between the interface employing the electric field, showing stronger PMS activation performance than the equivalent three-dimensional particle electrode system. The free radical quenching experiments illustrated that the degradation of PMT mainly proceeded through the free radical oxidation pathway dominated by SO4− and OH. In the EC/CuBi2O4 anode/PMS system, the traditional Cu+/Cu2+ cycle did not dominate the activation of PMS in the CuBi2O4 anode reaction. Raman experiment and open circuit potential results proved that the introduction of an electric field caused PMS to form the metal–oxygen bond Cu(II)-SO5− at the CuBi2O4 anode interface, and converted it into activated state PMS (PMS*), accelerating the interface electron transfer. The PMS* was more readily further activated by electrons and promoted water dissociation to form OH for pollutants degradation. The EC/CuBi2O4 anode/PMS system manifested stable purification performance for COD and emerging pollutants in high-salt pesticide wastewater, coupled with its superior economic benefits, possessing broad application prospects.

Fast acoustic droplet ejection based on annular array transducer

Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) has become the preferred method for liquid transfer in a variety of applications including synthetic biology, genotyping and drug discovery.Comparing with traditional pipetting techniques, the accuracy and data reproducibility of ADE based liquid transfer are improved, waste and cost are reduced, and cross-contamination is eliminated. The key component in the ADE system is the ultrasound transducer, which is responsible for generating focused ultrasound beam for droplet ejection. However, current ADE systems commonly utilize a single-element focused transducer with a fixed focal length that require mechanical movement to focus on the liquid surface, resulting in reduced liquid transfer efficiency. In this study, we first present a high-frequency annular array transducer for the ADE technology, which enables rapid and dynamic axial focusing to the liquid surface without mechanically moving the transducer, thereby accelerating liquid transfer. Experimental results show that the proposed 10 MHz, 5-element annular array transducer has good dynamic axial focusing ability, and can achieve accurate and stable droplet ejection of nanoliter volume at the designed focal length of 26-32 mm. Our results highlight the potential of the annular array transducer in advancing ADE system for rapid liquid transfer. This technology is expected to be useful in a variety of applications where precise and high-throughput liquid transfer is crucial.

The dual gain strategy of introducing nickel doping and anchoring amorphous iron oxyhydroxide nanosheets on ZIF-67 achieves an efficient oxygen evolution reaction

A ZIF-67@Ni@FeOOH composite material was synthesized using nickel-doped ZIF-67 as a precursor and was electrochemically characterized as an efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst. The results indicated that Ni doping preserved the polyhedral structure of ZIF-67 while enhancing its OER activity. The introduction of amorphous FeOOH nanosheets allowed ZIF-67@Ni@FeOOH to not only retain its original polyhedral structure but also develop a hollow interior and self-remodeling surface, resulting in numerous defects. These features contribute to improved charge transfer efficiency and enhanced conductivity of the material. The dual enhancement effect is achieved by combining the doping strategy with structural defect engineering. The synergistic effects of Co, Ni, and Fe species further boost OER performance. The ZIF-67@Ni@FeOOH catalyst exhibited remarkable OER efficacy, with the lowest overpotential at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 being 329 mV and a low Tafel slope of 42.95 mV dec−1. In situ Raman spectroscopy revealed that high-valence hydroxyl oxides, specifically NiOOH and CoOOH, present on the composite surface were the active species for OER. This study offers a promising approach for developing economically viable electrocatalysts with superior efficiency for OER.

Experimental evaluation of novel gas liquid contactor packing based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS)

Additive manufacturing has widened the possibilities of design for gas–liquid packing geometries in recent years, allowing for new unexplored shapes. A novel design approach based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS1Triply periodic minimal surfaces.1), an interesting class of smoothened curved surfaces, led to the conception of new periodic structures with complex geometrical features. The present study aims to assess the applicability of these new TPMS-based geometries as packing for gas–liquid contactors and the effect of their topology on performance. Liquid holdup, pressure drop, flooding and mass transfer efficiency were evaluated for three TPMS-based prototypes, with distinct characteristic dimensions. A new experimental setup was developed for the estimation of liquid holdup based on the measure of the liquid weight during operation by a set of load cells. Results show good repeatability and precision, allowing to distinguish liquid holdup between the prototypes for various gas and liquid flow rates. Two of the studied prototypes presented higher holdup than the 5 ppi ceramic foam and the 15 mm Raschig rings for lower liquid rates. Prototypes also showed good results for pressure drop, with flooding reached at gas load factors above 3Pa0.5. In terms of mass transfer efficiency, HETP results for the new prototypes remained between 0.35m and 0.45m, comparable to Mellapak 250Y.

Optimizing Power Transfer Efficiency in Biomedical Implants: A Comparative Analysis of SS and SP Inductive Link Topologies

Optimizing Power Transfer Efficiency in Biomedical Implants: A Comparative Analysis of SS and SP Inductive Link Topologies

VOXEL Video Streaming Over Wireless Networks

High-density point clouds expressing attractive 3D images are attracting attention. These gigantic media require large bandwidth allocations, making them problematic to stream to resource-constrained hand-held devices. This paper proposes a method for point cloud compression and streaming of large point clouds using a web server. Storing large point cloud videos on a web server allows users to publish data sets without using additional applications or sending large amounts of data ahead of time. HTTP/2 improves transfer efficiency by compressing headers into binary format and reduces latency by sending many multiplexed requests using a single TCP session. The large size of the point cloud data and the current limitations of wireless channels demand point cloud compression methods. MATLAB is used for the purpose of analysis, at results show an average compression ratio of 30:1. Our proposed system achieves lower average latency between successive frames resulting in an increased frame rate to 72.46 fps when streaming 4M points, and 82.51 fps in the case of streaming 800K points compared to much lower rates in conventional work.

Повышение энергетической эффективности работы тепловых сетей за счет утилизации тепловых потерь

The efficiency of thermal energy transfer, which is inevitably accompanied by heat losses through the insulation of pipelines, directly characterizes heating networks and centralized heat supply systems in general. The most important task in terms of current approaches to energy efficiency is to improve the efficiency of thermal energy transfer in modern heat supply systems. Currently known technical solutions to reduce heat losses through insulation of pipelines reduce heat losses, but not significantly. So, the purpose of this study is to develop a technical solution to reduce (even eliminate) standardized linear heat losses in heat supply networks of industrial enterprises. The authors have used methods of experimental research of heat transfer processes and mathematical modeling of heat and power equipment. A device for recycling heat losses is proposed. It is designed to reduce (even eliminate) normalized linear heat losses in heat supply networks of industrial enterprises. The permissible heat absorption of the device collector is determined, and a method for its regulation is described. An engineering method for calculation of the proposed device has been developed. The effectiveness of application of heat-reflecting screens in heating networks has been determined. A number of problems have been solved to improve the efficiency of heat supply systems of industrial enterprises using a device for recycling heat losses in the heating system channel.

Optimizing High-Speed Serial Links for Multicore Processors and Network Interfaces

In modern computing environments, high-speed serial links have become a critical component for ensuring efficient data transfer between multicore processors and network interfaces. These links, characterized by their ability to transmit data at very high rates over single or multiple lanes, are essential for meeting the increasing bandwidth demands of contemporary applications. The optimization of these serial links is crucial for maintaining performance, reliability, and energy efficiency in systems that leverage multicore processors and advanced network interfaces. This paper explores the key strategies for optimizing high-speed serial links in the context of multicore processors and network interfaces. We begin by examining the architectural considerations and design principles that influence the performance of serial links, including signal integrity, power consumption, and thermal management. We also discuss the impact of link speed and data encoding techniques on overall system efficiency.

Stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid driven towards a sinusoidal-radius permeable circular cylinder

ABSTRACT Recent advancements in nanofluid technology have emphasized the potential of ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNFs) to significantly enhance thermal and hydrodynamic properties. The implementation of a wavy sinusoidal cylinder is proposed as a novel approach to optimize heat transfer in a variety of engineering applications. This study focuses on analysing the flow and thermal behaviour of TiO2-Al2O3-MoS2/Kerosene oil a THNF around a circular cylinder with a sinusoidal radius, demonstrating enhanced heat conduction capabilities compared to conventional hybrid nanofluids. The governing equations, formulated as partial differential equations, are solved using the bvp4c solver. The study reveals that the shape of nanoparticles plays a crucial role in heat transfer efficiency. Specifically, when the solid volume fraction increases from 1% to 3%, brick-shaped particles exhibit the lowest heat transfer enhancement of 25.80%, while blade-shaped particles achieve the highest enhancement of 68.24%. Additionally, the heat transfer coefficient improves from 1.5% to 1.8% across different nanoparticle shapes under varying dissipation parameters. Similar trends are observed in the reduction of drag force with changes in the velocity slip parameter. These findings underscore the significant impact of nanoparticle shape and volume fraction on the thermal performance of THNFs, offering valuable insights for optimizing heat transfer systems in engineering applications.