Efficiency Of Production Activities Research Articles

The End-to-End Testing of the Material Accounting and Analytical Support System of Organizations

Relevance. Economic activity of organizations in modern market conditions leads to the need of constant search of ways to improve the accounting of materials and control over their movement, as well as the management of expenditure of these resources for production, which is one of the most important sources of growth in the efficiency of production activities, the growth of competitiveness of the economic entity and its financial stability. Novelty. Many authors (S. Kukushkin, V. Pozdnyakov, O. Pshenichnikova, E. Sitikova, L. Bobrovskaya, N. Kondrakov, O. Shvyreva, N. Kazakova and others) have considered the issues of planning, analysis, accounting and control within the system of accounting and analytical support of materials, but each of them chose a specific block for research, because of which there is no holistic understanding of the process of providing the organization with the necessary working capital. The end-to-end testing is not a well-studied tool of internal control at all. The methods used in the study of the issue of development and implementation of accounting and analytical support of materials in manufacturing enterprises are analysis, modelling, deduction, concretization, description, and interview with various experts in the field of accounting, external audit and internal control. As a result of the study, a flowchart of the business process related to the acquisition, storage and disposal of inventories was developed, and the end-to-end testing was implemented as a tool to control the movement and use of such working capital in economic entities of the production organizations. These recommendations will help to make management decisions in a relevant and qualitative manner.

Kaizen Applications in the Garment Industry: A Case Study

Industry 4.0 helps companies be more flexible in the production process and the supply chain. Thereby creating quality products and services at low prices, saving time and costs in manufacturing. Kaizen is known as an advanced tool in the application of a series of methods to eliminate waste and improve the quality and efficiency of production activities in enterprises in Japan. However, in Vietnam, many businesses are still hesitant and consider the effectiveness of this tool in Vietnamese enterprises. In the article, the author mentions the implementation of Kaizen at Thuan Phuong Group. The method selected in the article includes describing the current problem of the enterprise, proposing solutions for the Kaizen application, designing and programming Kaizen software, and deploying Kaizen at the factory according to the PDCA cycle. Kaizen tools have been deployed to almost all departments at the enterprise such as the production department, mechanics, engineering, quality management, and maintenance. After 2 years of application implementation Kaizen, the total improvement time of the business increased more than 10 times, saving companies a large amount of money. The article is an example of the successful application of Kaizen in production and business activities in Vietnam. Therefore, this article helps other businesses have a more objective view of the application aspects of Kaizen in their businesses.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURE (ON THE MATERIALS OF UDMURTIA)

The influence of climatic factors on the efficiency of production activities in agriculture is shown on the example of Udmurtia. The patterns of changes in the main climatic factors affecting the yield of grain crops, such as the amount of precipitation and the temperature regime of the air during the growing season of plants and the associated generalizing hydrothermal coefficient for the period from 1951 to 2020, are revealed. During the study period, precipitation determined changes in grain yields by an average of 19.3 %, and the average air temperature - by 14.1 %. At the same time, it is precisely the conditions of plant growth in the month of June that have the most significant influence, when the indicators under consideration determine more than 18 % of the yield of grain crops. At the same time, the share of influence of the factors under consideration varied significantly over ten-year periods: from 3.4 % (2001-2010) to 60.8 % (1971-1980). The results of a statistical assessment of the degree of influence of environmental factors on the yield of grain crops in Udmurtia are presented. The trend of a relative decrease in the impact of climate on the efficiency of agricultural production over the past half century has been revealed. The significance of climate variations in different regions of Udmurtia is proved, which affects the efficiency of agricultural production. Agro-climatic zoning of the region's territory is proposed using the cluster analysis method and the results of this zoning are shown.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ПРОВІДНИХ МАШИНОБУДІВНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The basic principles of the functioning of the leading engineering enterprises have been revealed, which foresee the possibility of producing in-demand products in the future, which are based, on the one hand, on the provision of a complex of services for the design, manufacture and service of engineering products, and on the other hand, on the long-term experience of foreign economic activity, which allows to supply own products to the foreign market. The expediency of using the methodology of the theory of effective competition in researching the competitiveness of engineering enterprises is justified. The main aspects of the formation of competitiveness were considered - the efficiency of production activity, financial position and sales of products, as a result of which the formation of an integral indicator of the competitiveness of the enterprise was formed. It was established that the indicators of high efficiency of production activity were ensured due to the growth of production volumes. Ensuring sufficient values ​​of the indicators of the financial condition was based on the basis of increasing the use of the funds involved, which, by investing in effective work, allowed to increase the financial results in an extensive way. Product sales indicators showed the absence of trends in the growth of profit from sales and net income (revenue) from sales, which indicates the different efficiency of engineering enterprises in separate periods of time, which can also be caused by different types and features of production at enterprises. As a result of the analysis, a set of unstable trends in the activities of the studied enterprises was revealed, which was reflected accordingly in the fluctuations of the integral indicator of the competitiveness of the studied enterprises for the period 2016-2020.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR THE FORMATION OF THE INNOVATIVE STRATEGY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The article substantiates the components of the organizational and economic mechanism of forming an innovative strategy of agrarian enterprises and the development of its architecture. The basis of the formation of the specified mechanism is the emergence of signs of the emergence of interactions of industrial and commercial components of management of innovative development through the identification of separate management and production strategies to ensure the appropriate level of effectiveness for the growth of economic efficiency. The latter should be formed in the context of the possibility of solving the problems of extended reproduction and increasing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises through the introduction of innovations in general. The economic toolkit in this mechanism will perform a stimulating function, ensure the realization of interests between all market participants and the flow of auxiliary processes, as well as regulate the responsibility of business entities through economic relations. They are the basis that should determine the procedures for the formation and implementation of innovative strategies, as well as determine the level of achieved financial results of the production and commercial activities of enterprises. The criteria and groups of indicators for the identification and analysis of the strategic zone of innovative activity of the enterprise are singled out, in particular: provision of production resources; availability and supply of material and technical resources; efficiency of production activity; competitiveness of products, their position on the market. It is emphasized that due to the complexity of the formation and functioning of strategic zones of innovative activity, a number of problematic issues arise before agrarian commodity producers. Among them, the discrepancy between production capacities and their innovative potential should be singled out. That is, it is impossible to quickly change one's own production capabilities in accordance with the competitive situation on the market. This applies not only to the material and technical support of the production process, but also to the innovative direction of enterprises in general, including the possibility of creating improved products. Therefore, in the study, special attention is paid to the strategy of diversification of production in agricultural enterprises, as the main tool for mobilizing the innovative investment and economic potential of the economic entity.

THE EFFECT OF ADDITIVES TO LUBRICANTS AND FUELS ON OPERATION OF AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT

Most agricultural enterprises face problems caused by extreme wear of equipment, outdated technologies, lack of funds for re-equipment and updating of the machine and tractor fleet and technologies. This negatively affects their economic activity and creates the lack of competitiveness of Russian agricultural products. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of production activities of farms is the improvement of technologies for the operation of machines and mechanisms, increasing the hours resource of automotive equipment. The improvement and development of promising additives to lubricants and fuels is an urgent task. Especially effective may be the development of technologies for the production of lubricants that provide a minimum friction coefficient, wear-free and restorative effect. Justification of rational approaches to solving tribotechnical problems requires a clear understanding of the nature of wear and the ability to manage it. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to prove the relevance of the use of repair and restoration tribo-compositions as additives to technical oils and to show the economic effect of their use. (Materials and methods) The ARVC brand composition was chosen as the object of the study. The article presents conducted tests at machine testing stations and enterprises with the necessary equipment. There were used equipment of the CCU "Nano- Center" FNAC VIM. (Results and discussion) The article presents performed full- scale and laboratory tests of repair and restoration tribo-compositions, which were added to technical oils and fuels of various equipment. A positive economic effect from the introduction of wear-free operation technology has been revealed (Conclusions) The literary analysis showed a sufficient level of development of tribotechnical developments. It has been experimentally proved that the use of repair and restoration tribo-compositions significantly reduces the wear of parts working in interfaces.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING THE FORMATION OF AN EFFECTIVE BUSINESS MODEL OF AN AIRLINE COMPANY

The aim of the article is to develop and test the theoretical and methodological approach concerning the management of the formation of an effective airline business model based on its integral competitiveness indicator, which is a determining factor of survival in difficult and dynamic conditions, as well as the guiding vector of the enterprise development in the future. The method for assessing the competitiveness of the airline business model is based on a dualistic system of integrated indicators. The first integrated indicator provides a static assessment of the competitiveness of the airline business model compared to selected competitors, a reference company or average data for a particular market (local, regional, national). In order to assess the static component of the competitiveness of the business model of the airline company, as a method of constructing an integral indicator, the method of taxonomy was chosen, which best meets the condition of maximum objectivity in the calculations. The second integral indicator is responsible for the dynamic component of the assessment and shows the degree of synchronization of the company with the relevant market. Accordingly, will assess a set of financial, managerial and marketing indicators that characterize the results of both basic and management business processes of companies, taking into account the overall quality of business management processes. The information base of the study consists of data from financial statements of aviation enterprises of Ukraine. The sample size is 15 units. Methodology. The first stage of the analysis included the calculation of the share indicators of the competitiveness of the business model of the airlines according to the following criteria: "efficiency of production activities", "financial condition", "efficiency of marketing activities", and "quality of business processes". Further, the study calculated conditional (relative) indicators of competitiveness of the studied airlines by comparing the absolute measure of the enterprise with the best value of these indicators of all competitors in the market. On the basis of which the "matrix of competitive development" was built. Results of the study. According to the results of the construction of the "matrix of competitive development" the following four types of management business model development of the airline enterprises were formed: adaptive management, strategic management, anticipative management (there are no enterprises in this zone), anti-crisis management. Practical conclusions. The conducted research allowed to establish that the overall level of competitiveness of the business models of the studied airline companies is quite low, since there is not a single company in the most attractive zone of high competitiveness. Also, 6 of the 15 examined airlines are at a crisis stage of development, which actualizes the need to develop a set of anti-crisis measures to further stabilize the competitive position.

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ В СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

The article considers the production and technological efficiency in agricultural production, which is beginning to depend more and more on modern digital solutions. Digitalization of agriculture is a necessary condition for increasing its competitiveness. The transformation of the sphere of the agro-industrial complex includes all areas of agricultural production in digitalization: crop production, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, the greenhouse industry and others. Digitalization takes part in the advanced business direction, online trade of professional computer equipment and the creation of new working specialties, services and functions for the training system for the use of an intellectual of animal husbandry. Digital technologies innovations of the 21st century hide huge potentials to increase economic growth thanks to accuracy, automation and new opportunities in the management system. The degree of significance in digital transformation would be good to apply in agriculture, in particular, the foundations of technological diversity in the production of agriculture and culture of related diversity, as well as the labor intensity of production processes. The digital economy finds its foundation in computer technologies and, unlike informatization, is not limited to the introduction of IT, but on the contrary, transforms spheres and business processes based on the Internet and new digital technologies. I must say, there is an acceleration of the decision-making process, efficiency and, as a result, there is an increase in labor productivity and an increase in profits. Nowadays, GPS-controlled agricultural systems play an especially important role, which are used by 45% of farmers. Among livestock farms, almost every second uses intelligent feeding systems 46%. Today, 40 % of farmers use agricultural programs in the form of tablets, and 40% have put their farms or herds under control with the help of system management. In order to preserve the resource and environment of the environment (32%) already intelligently and individually uses pesticides or fertilizers for certain areas, (28%) finds application in sensor technology, for example, to monitor livestock or measure climate, soil and plant data, 19% give consent to intelligent maintenance, the use of sensors, analysis to identify future malfunctions of systems and equipment at early stages of operation. Despite the new technology, dairy farms use 21% of milking robots, 11% of middle managers work with drones. For example, artificial intelligence uses 9% of companies to evaluate large volumes of indicators obtained from image processing in order to detect diseases of plants and animals. The result is aimed at increasing the efficiency of production activities, improving the technology for making decisions, developing systems for storing and selling finished products and processing large volumes of digital data. The current realities of the crisis, as well as the constant lack of funding, force farmers to look for new tools to improve their economic and financial situation. At such moments, business leaders want to predict the future, create different alternatives and choose the best option.

INVESTMENTS AS A MEANS OF REPRODUCING OF THE MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL BASE OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Introduction. The processes of reproduction of MTB of agricultural producers are determined by a number of internal and external factors, among which are the following: opportunities for the formation of investment resources from external and internal sources of funding; effectiveness of state support; organization of production activities, which focuses on resource conservation; size and specialization of the enterprise; financial stability; efficiency of production activity; product competitiveness; investment activity; productivity of technical means, their physical and moral wear and tear; perception of innovations. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is a dialectical method of cognition, a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena. The tasks are solved using the following methods: abstract and logical (in formulating theoretical generalizations and conclusions); monographic (reflecting the processes of formation of the material and technical base of agricultural enterprises in the dynamics); statistical analysis (to assess the movement of the active part of non-current assets of farms in the corporate sector of the agricultural economy). The reliability of the obtained results, conclusions and proposals is confirmed by the calculations and a significant amount of empirical material presented in the work. Results. It is established that the main problems of deterioration of material and technical condition of fixed assets in agriculture are: low investment activity of agricultural producers; insufficient volumes and miscalculations in the targeting of state support for the renewal of fixed assets of agriculture for small and medium-sized farms in rural areas; imperfect agricultural leasing; no indexation of the book value of fixed assets of agricultural enterprises. Discussion. In the conditions of further development of investment activity of farms of the corporate sector of agrarian economy there is a necessity to make capital investments in acquisition of agricultural lands. In this connection the priority tasks of scientific research are: development of methodical approaches transactions for the purchase and sale of agricultural land and their reflection in the financial statements. Keywords: investment, material and technical base, agricultural enterprise, technical means, state support.

FORMATION OF AGRICULTURAL MARKET MONITORING SYSTEM

Introduction. In modern conditions, the problems of uncontrolled climate change, accompanied by the formation of new challenges to public welfare, are becoming especially acute. The growing human impact on the environment leads to an increase in the number of emergencies, accompanied by a sudden sharp deterioration in the living standards of a large number of people. They also require significant efforts and financial resources to minimize their impact on public welfare. Reserve funds in the budgets are not able to fully meet the need for financial resources to eliminate negative externalities, which raises the question of finding new stabilization tools for resolving these issues. Methods. The study is based on the use of the following methods: monographic – in formulating the purpose and conclusions of the study; theoretical generalization of existing approaches to the formation of the monitoring system in the practice of the world's leading countries; general scientific methods of cognition, such as the dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systemic integrated approach in substantiating measures to create a system of state monitoring of the agri-food market. Results. The need to create a system for monitoring the agri-food market as a tool to achieve its balanced development by responding quickly to changes in market conditions based on making reasonable management decisions at the macro and micro levels is proved. The main blocks of the monitoring system of the agro-food sector of the economy are identified, namely: resource potential, efficiency of production activities and availability of resources; financial results; indicators of export activity; indicators of the microenvironment. Indicators and sources of their receipt, periodicity of information, which will help to achieve a higher level of awareness of all agri-food market participants and increase profitability of producers by identifying new markets, transformation of their production strategy for flexible adaptation of Ukrainian operators to globalization. Discussion. Further scientific research of the problem should include substantiation of the constituent elements of information and analytical support of the agri-food market monitoring system and systematization of its filling sources, coordination of their formation at the macro and micro levels. Keywords: monitoring, agri-food market, market conditions, capacity, prices (tariffs).

IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM SITUATIONS IN FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSTICS OF INTELLIGENT BUSINESS SYSTEMS

The paper discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency of production activities of an intelligent business system operating in a dynamic environment by reducing its losses by creating a subject technology for reliable identification of problem situations in the process of functional diagnostics of a business system. The object of the research is an intelligent business system of the IT industry, which produces intelligent products, the results of which depend on the mental abilities of its personnel, who own effective intelligent information technologies. The problem-containing environment was chosen as the basis for analyzing the problem situation, in the depths of which the problem situation arises, develops and manifests itself. A problem-containing environment is characterized by structure and behavior. The behavior of the problem-containing environment is determined by the multidimensionality of the ongoing business processes, their interaction and dynamics. To identify deterministic and non-deterministic problem situations, it is proposed to set them by bipartite graphs and use the technology of inference based on precedents, which has serious advantages over the method of inference based on knowledge. In this work, a cognitive method is used to analyze problem situations of an intelligent business system. The basis of cognitive analysis is formed by the problem-containing environment, in the depths of which the problem situation arises. To study the problem-containing environment, the method of analysis of hierarchies is used, the basis of which is a hierarchy which is a system of levels, each of which consists of elements, factors of the problem-containing environment and an intelligent business system. A complex of models has been developed to construct a bipartite graph of a problem situation and to analyze its problem-containing environment. On the basis of a complex of models, a subject technology for identifying problem situations arising in the process of functional diagnostics of intelligent business systems has been created. The results obtained can be used as a theoretical platform for creating an information technology for functional diagnostics of intelligent business systems operating in a dynamic environment.

UNIFORM PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION OF RAIL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS

Improving the operational efficiency of transport is one of the main catalysts for raising the quality of life and socio-economic development. The prevailing global trends are aimed at establishing logistic chains from producers to consumers. The cross-border movement of world production within the framework of globalization, the deepening of integration processes between countries highlight the issues of developing a methodology for planning and evaluating international transport corridors from various points of view, and economic, technical, social, environmental and other aspects. The urgent issue is the harmonization of the technical and regulatory framework for the organization of «seamless» transportation, the synchronization of the technological cycles of various modes of transport, including operation of multimodal transport hubs. A large number of studies are dedicated to the modelling and control of traffic flows, new methods of forecasting the transport situation using the results of computer dynamic transport modelling, analysis of existing infrastructure resources and elimination of bottlenecks in the existing railway system (including through the expansion of the railway network and innovative methods of traffic control).Hence the achievement of target parameters of efficiency of production activity of all participants in railway transportations is possible through qualitative changes in the system of the organization of transportation process, the objective of the research was to study technological aspects of improvement of quality of functioning of the transport system in relation to activity of the Russian railways.The research applied methods of system analysis of scientific and technical data and technical and economic indicators of complex systems.The issues of implementation of end-to-end principles of transportation process management are considered, the concept of «technological polygon of transportation process management» is expanded. The analysis and grouping of methods for improving the efficiency of railway transport was carried out with regard to improving the operation quality indicators and refined model of rolling stock management, increasing the efficiency of the use of traction equipment, profiling of railway itineraries in respect of the preferred types of traffic, establishing sections well-provided for safe passage of freight trains and synchronized with the operation ranges of locomotives, organizing freightage in wagons withincreased axle load, removing barriers and restrictions in the power supply sector, etc.The transition to the «polygon» model of the organization of the technological process, the unification and optimization of the use of available resources, and, as a result, the reduction of risks of losses from transportation, service provision and unplanned use of resources are effective tools to improve the quality of rail operations.

Formation of Motion of Student Construction Teams in Mordovia (1966–1970)

Introduction. One of the priority directions of modernization of higher and secondary vocational education in the Russian Federation is to strengthen its practical orientation, which is largely due to the urgent need to increase the competitiveness of young people in the labor market and overcome their social infantilism and social indifference at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. In this regard, the unique historical experience gained in our country in the Soviet era in attracting students to solve the most important economic problems through the activities of student construction teams (SCT) is of particular relevance. Since the beginning of the 60s of the last century and to the present, the efforts of domestic scientists-humanitarians have created a significant number of works devoted to various problems and aspects of the SCT movement. However, among the studies of regional orientation there is not one in which the activities of SCT in Mordovia are analyzed. The purpose of this article is to study the process of the birth of the construction brigade movement among students of Mordovian universities and educational institutions of the secondary vocational education and primary vocational education systems in 1966–1970. Materials and Methods. The source base of the article was made up of documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia, periodicals (newspapers Young Leninist, Mordovian University), memoirs of former participants and organizers of SCT. When systematizing and analyzing concrete historical facts, along with general scientific methods (induction, deduction), special historical ones were used – ideographic, historical genetic. Results. The causes of the movement of student construction teams in Mordovia are revealed, the dynamics of the number of their personnel and the efficiency of production activity is shown. Discussion and Conclusion. By the beginning of the 70s of the last century in Mordovia, the organizational and industrial formation of the movement of student construction units had completed and, on the basis of the principle of voluntariness, it had become mass. SCT not only made a significant contribution to strengthening the material and technical base of the republic during the eighth five-year period, but also laid down the best traditions for the development of this patriotic youth movement in subsequent years.

The main trends in the development of information and telecommunication technologies when creating high-tech products

The features of the application of information and telecommunication technologies in high-tech enterprises are examined in order to increase the efficiency of production activities. It is determined that the basis of telecommunication technologies is the procedure for information exchange and data transfer. Telecommunication technologies provide remote transmission of all forms of information, including data, voice, video, between computers via various types of communication lines. Analysis of the results of the classification of information technologies and areas for improving information support in the production of high-tech products allowed us to identify trends in the development of modern information technologies. These trends are due to the dynamics of the development of industrial enterprises and the external environment, which leads to functional changes in the management system of a high-tech enterprise and provides significant economic growth in developed countries. The main promising means for data transmission are the Internet, wireless mobile radio networks, laser and fiber-optic communication lines. The most important task of telecommunication technologies in the field of economics is electronic exchange. This indicates the importance of the telecommunications aspect in the functioning of the information system. Telecommunication technologies that provide data transfer, make it possible to implement a continuous exchange of information through global networks. Modern telecommunication technologies are widely used in creating network options for information technology. It was determined that a significant achievement of telecommunication technologies was the possibility of real-time control of financial, banking, trading and other operations regardless of the territorial location of their participants. Telecommunication technologies are becoming the elements that informally unite the vast territory of Russia.

Labor motivation of agricultural workers in the context of modern trends in personnel management

The aim of the research is methodology development of labor motivationofagriculturalworkers,basedonacompetitiveapproachmodern methods of personalizing personnel management, which will increase the productivity of agricultural workers and the efficiency of production activities in the industry. The methodological basis of the study were the methodsofsummarization,grouping,comparisonandgeneralization,which wereusedduringtheanalysisofscientificliterature.Themethodofresearch of labor relations was applied questionnaires, analysis and synthesis methods while discussing research results. The developed methodology involves a wider range of instruments of material and non-material motivationoflabor.Materialmotivationisexpressedinanadditionalbonus to the salaries of winners in the competition in the profession. Non-material motivationisrepresentedbytraditionaltools(thewinnertitle,respectinthe team) and new tools of motivation (recognition of the employee as a person, respect for his desires and needs). The proposed motivation system was adapted for the operating conditions of the agricultural organization Ankor LLC, the main positions of the new system for motivating and stimulating the work of employees, who directly ensure the output of agricultural products, of this organization have beendeveloped.

Nonparametric economic analysis of the level of technical efficiency of cattle meat production in the Krasnodar Krai in 2013-2018

Calculations of estimates of the technical efficiency of production activities of agricultural organizations of the Krasnodar Krai that produce live weight gains of cattle in 2018 were performed. For this purpose, a nonparametric method is used, which compares the actual and potentially possible maximum production volumes calculated using the linear programming method for each specific commodity producer in a representative sample of enterprises and forming a broken boundary production function. The size of the potential for growth in the production of meat cattle products based on the existing livestock in the region was determined and priority areas for its implementation was identified. It was established that the main factors hindering the development of meat cattle breeding in the Krasnodar Krai are low potential of biological productivity of the livestock breeds used, use of unbalanced feed rations that lead to a large overspend of certain types of feed, and low labor productivity.

Application of intelligent systems in transport

The article discusses the application of intelligent transport systems for railway transport. The purpose of developing intelligent transport systems on railway transport is to strictly comply with the requirements for ensuring transport safety, reducing the level of environmental impact, significantly improving the efficiency of production activities. The software makes automatic accounting, control and analysis of fuel and energy resources consumption on the basis of the obtained data. At the same time, the dynamics of changes in fuel consumption indicators, actual and estimated costs of diesel fuel are visually reflected in real time on the monitor screen. If necessary, the system will help to identify the reasons for non-matching of these parameters and quickly contact the locomotive team to provide qualified assistance in their elimination. It is important that the hardware structure and the structure of the system software expand functionality, providing continuous operation and repair work, increasing the number of measured parameters, creating a closed fuel consumption control system in a locomotive economy. The use of these systems makes it possible to obtain an integrated assessment of the heat engineering condition of a locomotive with further scientifically substantiated correction of overhaul runs, to control its location and solve many other problems, which contributes to an increase in overhaul runs and the operational life of the locomotive.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ФРАНЧАЙЗИНГОВИХ УГОД У СФЕРІ ЗАПОВІДНОГО ФОНДУ: ПОЗИТИВНІ ТА НЕГАТИВНІ АСПЕКТИ

Франчайзинг є невід'ємною частиною економіки в усьому світі, але в Україні така форма організації бізнесу залишається на початковому етапі свого розвитку. Існує багато міжнародних компаній, які зацікавлені в розвитку еко-франчайзингу та наданні своїх послуг в Україні. Інструмент франчайзингу також може стати формою екологічно орієнтованої підприємницької діяльності, вектором розвитку співпраці природно заповідних фондів і представників приватного сектора, які хочуть здійснювати свою діяльність з урахуванням екологічних імперативів, виробляти дійсно екологічно чисті продукти, але перш за все, відповідний договірний механізм повинен бути формалізований в юридичну конструкцію і самостійний об'єкт нормативно-правового регулювання. 
 Оскільки в межах національного законодавства єдиний нормативно-правовий акт відсутній, що регулює основні положення, принципи, обсяги договорів франчайзингу, правовий статус контрагентів, підстави для юридичної відповідальності; питання укладання договорів франчайзингу залишається актуальним особливо в сфері програм державно-приватного партнерства. Франчайзинг має багато переваг, які можуть знизити експлуатаційні витрати і підвищити ефективність виробничої діяльності, що сьогодні особливо актуально для України; проте український ринок франчайзингу має низку проблем, які потребують невідкладного вирішення.
 Як концепція старт-апу, франчайзинг, в області природно-заповідного фонду, має ефективні переваги як для франчайзера в особі державного партнера, так і для франчайзі в особі приватного партнера; для державного партнера, тобто об’єктів природно-заповідного фонду (франчайзера) - залучення додаткових бюджетних коштів до галузі, ефективний механізм надання платного обслуговування населенню, джерело оновленої матеріально-технічної бази, науково-дослідне обладнання, мінімалізація ризиків для державного сектору економіки.

Improving effectiveness and efficiency of assembly line with a stopwatch time study and balancing activity elements

Background:The rapid industrial development requires companies, especially those engaged in manufacturing, to keep growing and compete to maintain their business. Generally, companies want a short work time to meet production targets and increase profitablity. However, some small and medium enterprises tend to overlook the time standards in their production activities, which causes time and labor waste. This research was conducted to determine the standard time and provide recommendations for achieving the balance of assembly lines. Methods: This study used work time measurement techniques using the time study method with stopwatch. Primary data collection is carried out directly to workers at assembly company. Data is processed by testing data uniformity and data adequacy. Furthermore, the data is used to determine the rating factor, normal time, standard time, and the recommended balance of assembly lines. Results: The results showed that the measurement of working time had a significant impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of production activities by reducing costs for workers by 6.67% and working time to 1.45 seconds faster, as well as achieving the amount of production exceeding the production target. Conclusion: Working time measurement techniques with the time study method using stopwatch can be further investigated and applied to both large industries and small and medium enterprises.

OPERATIONAL LEVERIDGE IS AN IMPORTANT ECONOMIC INDICATOR

The article establishes the necessity of developing a methodology for assessing the economic stability of production and sales in both theoretical and practical aspects. It is specified that when maximizing the profit of an enterprise, account should be taken of the growing production risks. Estimates of stability and / or riskiness of manufactured and sold products, using the indicator of the price operational leverage and the coefficient of profitability of sales. The article summarizes the methodical approaches to determining the indicator of an operating leverage in foreign economic literature. Practical calculations of the natural and price operational levers are presented, criteria for the acceptable level of entrepreneurial risk are developed taking into account the financial stability of the agricultural enterprise. Statistical information on the size and structure of the cost of production of certain types of plant products (wheat, corn, sunflower, grapes) in agricultural enterprises is systematized. The structure of fixed and variable costs in the production of these crops is determined, as well as the situation of the relevant product markets. It is proved that the calculation of the level of operating leverage in the production of a particular type of crop production allows us to assess the state of economic sustainability and, accordingly, to formulate rational management decisions to achieve the permissible level of risk and increase the efficiency of production activities. The mechanism of management of the production program is based on the consideration of the change in the value of the strength of the operating lever at different trends in the development of the market situation of the corresponding products. It is substantiated that the size of the operating lever is influenced by the sectoral features of agricultural production, the level of technical support, the volume of production, the price conjuncture of the domestic and foreign markets of the corresponding products, etc. indicators. The authors highlight that the main advantage of operational analysis for the enterprise management system is the ability to develop scenarios of influence on the amount of profit that the enterprise will receive, subject to a change in several factors: volume of production, composition and value of costs, product prices, structural changes in the product composition of the production program . Keywords: sustainability, riskiness, operational leverage, profitability of sales, income, profit.