Efficiency Of Environmental Management Research Articles

Two-Way FDI Synergy and Water Environmental Management Efficiency—An Empirical Study on the Mediating Effect of Heterogeneous Technological Innovation

In the context of China’s synergistic development of import and export strategies and water environmental protection, this paper analyzes the role of two-way FDI synergistic development in water environmental governance efficiency based on panel data of 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2004 to 2021. The paper uses a fixed effect model and analyzes the role of heterogeneous technological innovation using the mediation effect model and the panel threshold model. The results of the study show the following: (1) overall, two-way FDI synergistic development helps to improve China’s water environmental governance efficiency; (2) there is regional heterogeneity in the effect of two-way FDI synergistic development on China’s water environmental governance efficiency, with a significant positive effect in areas along the coast and with high FDI synergistic development levels and an inhibitory effect in inland areas; and (3) the two-way FDI synergy enhances the efficiency of China’s water environmental governance by improving the levels of independent innovation and imitation innovation.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of CPEC road project by following EIA index approach for sustainability

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a framework to provide all the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of mega projects for sustainability. Section 12 of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997 regulates EIA procedure for mega projects that need to be approved by the respective Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to reduce environmental impacts. This study identified inadequacies linked with EIA procedures of CPEC western road project initiated from Rehmani Khel to Kot Balian (package-2A). To evaluate EIA procedures for the selected road project, an EIA index has been formulated based on questionnaire responses. The respondents of this study included environmental experts, social experts, and consultants from the relevant departments. The secondary sources involved a comprehensive literature review and approved EIA reports of CPEC road project. For testing variables, statistical analysis, i.e., the gamma test, correlation analysis, and factor analysis were used. The current study revealed the environmental impacts of CPEC road project, i.e., vehicle emissions, land degradation, loss of biodiversity, and atmospheric pollution. The calculated EIA index was 0.47, which identified the deficiencies among EIA stages, i.e., environmental management efficiency index, environmental impact statement index (EISI), and mitigation index for selected road projects. Statistical analysis indicated an insignificant relationship among the variables for environmental sustainability for the road project. This study will provide an EIA index for implementation of EIA procedures to reduce environmental degradation and contribute to EIA literature for long-term sustainability.

Designing a model to measure and manage the implementation of green initiatives at South African universities

South African universities experience increased pressure to comply with and implement environmentally friendly practices. Specifically, state-funded universities need to enhance environmental management efficiency and environmental awareness. However, measuring the implementation of green initiatives in higher education takes time and effort. South African models for state-funded universities are absent, and international models are inapplicable. Therefore, this study aims to develop and empirically test the model by investigating existing theories and models and identifying potential factors for higher education. The paper determined ten initial factors from 31 environmental studies, limiting their number to five. The finally selected factors are cost of green products, awareness, training and education, top management attitude and commitment, committee for sustainable accountability, and digital transformation. This qualitative study uses a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire sampling 149 university managers. Structural equation modeling retained three of the original five factors in the model: cost of green products, top management attitude and commitment, and digital transformation. However, knowledge of the environment (SRW = 0.76) is also crucial. Ten theoretical measuring criteria are retained as valid measures of implementing green initiatives. The model has good fit indices (CMin/Df = 4.07, CFI = 0.944, GFI = 0.909), despite RMSEA exceeding 0.10. The developed conceptual model can be used to measure the implementation of green initiatives by South African state-funded universities.

Does Digital City Construction Contribute to Air Pollution Control? Evidence from China

With the quick advancement of new generation information technologies like the Internet, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, digitalization is emerging as a crucial tool for restructuring factor resources, reshaping the economic landscape, and altering competitiveness. However, there is no literature on the impact and mechanism of digitalization on environmental pollution management. Thus, this study measured the level of digital development in each province using principal component analysis based on panel data of 30 Chinese provinces during 2006–2019. On this basis, the impact of digitalization on haze and its mechanisms were explored using regression models and mediating effect models, respectively. The findings demonstrate that (1) haze pollution may be reduced through digital progresses, and there is an inverse U-shaped non-linear link between them, that is, as digital technology is refined, its impact on haze pollution shifts from facilitation to suppression; (2) digital development can reduce haze pollution by promoting technological innovation and improving the efficiency of environmental management; and (3) there is regional heterogeneity in the influence of digitalization on air pollution. In heavily polluted areas, the suppression effect of digital technology on air pollution is more than three times that of other areas. The goal of this study is to investigate how digitalization affects haze pollution and its mechanisms, as well as to offer some scientific guidance for China’s efforts to build a “Digital China” under the banner of digitalization.

Methodological aspects of determining the economic efficiency of environmental management

Methodical approaches to calculating the economic efficiency of natural resources use are considered. The characteristics of water services regulation in Ukraine are given. Economic indicators of regional development in the Vistula River basin are investigated. The dynamic analysis of revenues for special water use and expenditures for water resources in the Vistula River basin is carried out. Revenues to the state and local budgets were investigated in terms of rent payments, environmental tax, rent and special use of fish and other aquatic bioresources. To calculate the economic efficiency, the state expenditures under the budget program “Operation of the state water management complex and water resources management” in the Vistula River basin area were used. The obtained indicator was improved by taking into account the environmental component. Expenditures in the context of capital and current investments from the state and local budgets for environmental programs in the field of water resources protection were analyzed. The indicator of reduced costs for water resources in 2020 is formed. It is proposed to assess economic efficiency through the indicator of the level of coverage of the reduced costs of water resources.

ORGANIZATION PRINCIPES AND FINANCIAL FACTORS OF INVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The field of nature management is an important component of the national economy, because it ensures the implementation of the economic use of natural resources and the preservation of the environment as a factor of socio-economic growth. The essence and content of environmental management consists in obtaining a multiplier profit from nature-reproducing activities based on parity between ecological, economic and social components. In essence, environmental management studies economic methods of managing the natural conditions of human habitat in parity with ecological and social components. At the same time, the limitation of natural resources contributes to a certain extent to the problem of contradiction in the relationship: man - nature - society. It is important to have a triune approach in environmental management, where economy, ecology and social consequences will have parity when solving production problems of human life. It is necessary to find an optimum between the needs of human society and the potential opportunities of the natural environment. It is necessary to take resources from nature not in the amount that is needed to satisfy human needs, but in the amount that it can give without damage to its recovery process. As human society develops, economic-ecological contradictions are intensifying. And at the same time, the role of environmental management as a tool for inhibiting and resolving them is growing. The role of the manager of the natural environment is significant in achieving a multiplier economic and ecological effect. The capital invested in environmental protection measures will definitely give an economic return in the strategic plan: the quality of food products, the health of the population, etc. With the help of the above-mentioned economic methods, the application of economic levers will contribute to the growth of the efficiency of environmental management in the branches of the national economy. In our opinion, at the micro level, it is appropriate to provide for the determination of the need for financial resources for the implementation of measures for the expanded reproduction of natural resource potential, the determination of criteria for the selection of alternative sources of financing environmental programs and projects.

Cross-administrative and downscaling environmental spatial management and control system: A zoning experiment in the Yangtze River Delta, China

Promoting the downscaling and integration of zonal management and control of various environmental pollution sources is an effective way to systematically deal with the current high-intensity and complex environmental problems. Through single-factor and comprehensive pollutant emission intensity evaluation and cluster analysis, we built a full-coverage and cross-scale environmental spatial management and control system for pollution sources, then proposed environmental zoning patterns and pollution control strategies at three scales in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. At the grid scale, the reclassified 7 types of pollution source spaces can be divided into 5 levels based on pollution emission intensity, and the most urgent environmental control subjects can be determined accordingly. Up to the county scale, combined with emission intensity and regional functions, 305 counties can be divided into 5 control intensity zones, which directly correspond to different environmental control intensity, requirements and policies. Finally, at the city scale, 41 cities can be clustered into 7 pollution control zones, which are classified and named as the three-level form of geographic location, development orientation and pollution source characteristics. Fully using the zoning units at different scales of cities, counties and grids can break the limitation of inherent administrative boundaries and allow environmental integration policies to be implemented across departments and regions, also let differentiated policies be more accurately implemented to different administrative levels and pollution source, and then truly improve the efficiency of environmental management.

BAGAIMANA PERAN DAN PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI HIJAU DI INDONESIA?

Research Purposes. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of green accounting in reducing environmental pollution and to examine the extent to which the application of green accounting in Indonesia supported sustainability. Research Method. This study used an interpretive approach that focused on the subjective nature of the social world and tried to understand it. Research Result and Findings. Reporting environmental costs in green accounting will certainly help stakeholders to evaluate environmental conservation and improve environmental management efficiency to support business continuity in the present and in the future. Green accounting had difficulty in measuring the value of costs and benefits of externalities arising from industrial processes. It was not easy to measure the harm that occurs to the people around and the ecological environment caused by air pollution, liquid waste, ammonia tube leaks, nuclear tube leaks, or other externalities. Unfortunately, in practice, often some companies did not report the bad news they face, so reporting environmental costs was not effective.

Auditing of Environmental Management in Industrial Zones of Vietnam Case Study of Industrial Zones in Lao Cai Province

Vietnam is a developing country with an economic growth rate among the top in Asia, therefore facing pressures from industrialization, urbanization, and population growth means that the amount of waste also increases. In the face of current environmental issues, an environmental audit is considered a tool to provide information about the environment, and a basis for assessing the possibility of environmental risks caused by enterprises, the environmental obligations of the business, as well as the degree of satisfaction with environmental standards or regulations. Besides, an environmental audit is also one of the supporting tools for harmoniously solving the relationship between economic development and environmental protection, contributing to raising the awareness of individuals and production organizations in sustainable environmental protection. The article focuses on analyzing and evaluating the current status of environmental management in industrial zones in Lao Cai province based on content and audit criteria for the period 2017-2020. From there, it proposes some recommendations to improve the efficiency of environmental management and protection in Lao Cai in the coming time.

The effect of drip irrigation on the formation of the root system of raspberry seedlings in the conditions of the Non-black soil zone of Russia

Relevance. Currently, there is an acute problem of meeting the growing demand for berry and fruit products. One of the ways to intensify agricultural production in the field of horticulture and crop production is to increase the efficiency of environmental management through the use of resource-saving technologies. One of these technologies is drip irrigation, which improves the quality of crop production.Materials and methods. Field studies were carried out on the territory of the educational and experimental farm of the laboratory "Michurinsky Garden" of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The experiment was established in the fall of 2018 and is a two-factor study of various levels of moisture on the growth and development of raspberry seedlings. The first factor included options for maintaining soil moisture in the range: 1) control (without irrigation); 2) not less than 60% of the lowest moisture capacity; 3) not less than 70% of the lowest moisture capacity; 4) not less than 80% of the lowest moisture capacity. The second factor was the raspberry varieties Solnyshko and Nagrada.Results. Constructed moisture contours according to the study options showed that drip irrigation contributes to the optimum moisture concentration in the soil for seedlings. The most developed root system in comparison with the control was obtained on irrigated variants with maintaining a moisture content of at least 70 and 80% of the lowest moisture capacity. Here, the maximum values of the volume of the root system, the number of roots, and the average length of the root were obtained. It was revealed that in variants with irrigation, the root system of seedlings spreads in the upper layer (mainly 5-15 cm).

Integrated systems in the world aquaculture: the experience of millennia for the benefit of the whole world

The article reveals the meaning and essence of the concept of multitrophic systems in aquaculture; provides an overview of historical information on ancient integrated agro-aquatic systems; considers examples of multitrophic agro-aquatic systems in the UNESCO World Heritage List and in the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). Current issues and current ways of preserving unique agro-aquatic systems in different regions of the world are discussed; the main principles and current options of polyculture application in hydrobionts breeding, as well as the importance of multitrophic technologies in world aquaculture are discussed. It is concluded that the development of multitrophic agro-aquatic systems is one of the most promising options for the interaction of water management and the agricultural sector. At the same time, the implementation of this concept of environmental management is fully consistent with the international principles of the green economy, the tasks of resource conservation, ensuring stable growth of food production and creating conditions for sustainable development. In general, this direction ensures the achievement of at least nine of the seventeen UN declared Sustainable Development Goals, in particular, such SDGs as: hunger eradication, good health and well-being, affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic growth, industrialization, innovation and infrastructure, responsible consumption and production, conservation of marine ecosystems, conservation of terrestrial ecosystems, partnership for sustainable development [16]. The support and development of multitrophic agro-aquatic systems affect not only the overall efficiency of environmental management, but also have an impact on the socio-economic sphere — in particular, through the activation of international tourism. In turn, tourism, in addition to expanding the service sector, ensures the preservation of accumulated knowledge about unique technologies of environmental management and makes a significant contribution to the preservation of these systems by increasing people’s awareness of the traditions of various cultures.

Environmental management efficiency evaluation based on indicator information integration and DEA-Malmquist index

Aim: Completeness of indicator information is an important problem that needs to be further studied in environmental management efficiency evaluation (EMEE). However, this problem has not attracted sufficient attention in existing studies and there is lack of the total factor productivity analysis, which is an effective method to evaluate the environmental management efficiency change that has been applied in different fields. Methods: A novel EMEE model is proposed based on indicator information integration and DEA-Malmquist index, in which the kernel of the indicator information integration is the evidential reasoning approach with an indicator weight calculation. Results: The DEA-Malmquist index is introduced to evaluate the efficiency of environmental management and also analyzes its efficiency change based on the integrated indicator information. A case study of 30 provinces (except Tibet) in mainland China from 2005-2017 is provided to illustrate the analysis of regional efficiency distribution, efficiency change and improvement strategy of environmental management. Conclusion: The proposed model can provide a reference for the improving regional environmental protection

Туристский потенциал стран Центрально-Восточной Европы в рамках Европейского союза

The purpose of the work is to assess the tourism potential and its use by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), their involvement in European integration. The transformation of tourism in the CEE countries after joining the EU is considered. With the help of a set of indicators, the rating of countries according to the level of development of tourist potential is calculated. The following indicators were used: the number of UNESCO sites, the quality of beaches, the price competitiveness index, infrastructure development indicators (number of the accommodation, aviation passenger turnover, density of the road and railway network), human development index, international safety rating, environmental management efficiency rating, the number of reviews on the Internet, travel competitiveness rating. There are 4 groups of countries. The first two groups with high and relatively high levels do not include any CEE countries. The third and fourth groups (with medium and low levels) consist almost entirely of CEE countries, with the exception of some countries in Western, Northern and Southern Europe. The classification shows that the CEE countries lag behind other EU countries not only in terms of basic tourism indicators. But it is also insufficiently adapted to the recreation of the natural, cultural, historical and socio-economic base. The typology of countries according to the attractiveness of tourist destinations is carried out and ratings on absolute and relative indicators of development are calculated. On the basis of the three ratings, a bubble chart is constructed reflecting the effectiveness of the use of the tourist potential by the EU countries. Its analysis shows that Croatia occupies a special place against the background of lagging behind the rest of Europe in the use of the tourist potential of the CEE countries, which, despite the average values of the potential, is ahead of most of the leading European countries in terms of the effectiveness of its use. With the availability of good natural and cultural and historical resources, the rise of the CEE tourism industry is possible in the long term.

Research on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and environmental management efficiency under competitive pressure: evidence from China.

Taking industrial waste gas control as an example, this study explores the impact of fiscal decentralization on the efficiency of local governments' environmental governance under the pressure of competition, and analyzes the role of competition among local governments and support for R&D activities. The results demonstrate that fiscal decentralization can significantly promote the efficiency of local governance on control of waste gas, and this positive effect is mainly realized through the support from local government for R&D activities. As for the influence of inter-governmental competitions, only the competition in terms of governance efficiency delivers a significant U-shaped impact, and competition in expenditure scale and economy area weakly inhibits the positive influence of decentralization, meaning that the evaluation system centered on economic growth and the imitation strategy of local expenditure will not lead to a great decline in the efficiency of the use of environmental governance. Overall, this study suggests that further fiscal decentralization, emphases on government support for R&D activities, and enhanced environmental assessment in official evaluation are all the important directions for boosting the efficiency of governance.

Empowering a Sustainable City Using Self-Assessment of Environmental Performance on EcoCitOpia Platform

In Thailand, many municipalities lack the information to guide decision-making for improving environmental performance. They need tools to systematize the collection and analysis of data, and then to self-assess environmental performance to increase efficiency in environmental management toward a sustainable city. The aim of this study is to develop a platform for self-assessment of an environmental performance index. Nonthaburi municipality, Hat Yai municipality, and Yasothon municipality were selected to study the work context for six indicators, viz., energy, greenhouse gas, water, air, waste, and green area, which were important environmental problems. The development of an online system called “EcoCitOpia” divides municipality assessment into four parts: data collection, database creation, data analysis, and data display. The municipality can use the system for the assessment of environmental performance and the creation of a separate database based on indicators. The system can analyze the results and display them in the form of radar graphs, line graphs, and tables for use in public communication that will lead to cooperation in solving environmental problems at the policy level for urban development to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.

Environmental management and green brand for sustainable entrepreneurship

The increasing competitiveness at the global market and reinforcing the ecological issues contribute the reorientation from the traditional to the sustainable business model. In this case, the business should develop the green brand of the company, which required the implementation of environmental management. The hypothesis of the paper is checking the linking between environmental management and green brand at the company. The results of bibliometrics analysis on the selected theme confirmed the increasing numbers of papers which focused on analysing the relationships between the efficiency of environmental management and green brand at the company. In the paper, the authors used the VosViewer with the purpose to visualise the main scientific patterns on the selected theme. At the second stage, the authors identified the relationships between green brand and environmental management at the company using the ANOVA model. The data for analysis was obtained from the questionaries among companies management (which promote as green companies) and companies' financial statements. The two indicators described the green brand: loyalty to the green brand (frequency of searching company's brand in Google); net profit. The findings proved that companies with effective environmental management had a higher net profit and loyalty to the green brand.

Strategic planning in the forest sector developed timber-producing countries as a key tool for the rational use of natural resources

The problem of rational use of resources is a priority for all mankind, which is confirmed by the presence of many national and interstate programs in the field of environmental management, resource conservation and improving the efficiency of environmental management. Forest complex play a special role in the rational use of natural resources. Forestry has a long process of reproduction, so a set of measures for the use, safety, integrity, reproduction of forests and the balance of the forest resources market conjuncture is necessary. A long-term national strategy is needed to achieve sustainable economic growth. Canada, Sweden, Finland, Latvia, Belarus, and China have national strategies for the forest sector development on 10-20-50 years. The strategic planning process in the forest sector is ambiguous and controversial; it includes the coordination of different interests of actors and economic-mathematical modelling, assessment of the effectiveness of environmental management and resource management. The research objective: strategic planning analysis in the above-mentioned countries forest complex in the context of natural resources rational using. The following factors were identified: the sequence of making economically significant decisions by the State; the strengthening role of the public in the decision-making process on the forest resources rational using.

Банковское кредитование как источник финансирования экологических инвестиций

Цель : определение проблем экологического кредитования в России и разработка мероприятий, направленных на повышение эффективности банковского кредитования экологических инвестиционных проектов. Обсуждение : экологические инвестиции – это особый их тип вложений, направленный на охрану окружающей среды, а также рациональное использование ресурсов природы. Объем инвестиций в основной капитал, направленных на охрану окружающей среды и рациональное использование природных ресурсов в России, за последние восемь лет увеличивается, в большей степени в динамике увеличиваются инвестиции, направленные на охрану атмосферного воздуха. Финансирование природоохранных мероприятий и экологических программ осуществляется за счет разнообразных источников, в том числе банковского кредитования. Экологический инвестиционный кредит – это долгосрочный вид займа, который предлагают финансово-кредитные учреждения для юридических или физических лиц, чтобы те направили полученные деньги на реализацию экологической инвестиционной программы с соблюдением принципов банковского кредитования. Эффективная система кредитного финансирования экологических инвестиций должна приносить выгоды как организации-заемщику в виде положительных эффектов от проводимых природоохранных мероприятий, так и банкам, предлагающим соответствующие кредитные продукты. Одним из основных механизмов системы кредитного финансирования экологических инвестиций является механизм льготных процентных ставок по кредитам на приобретение средозащитного оборудования и внедрение малоотходных технологий. Для повышения эффективности экологического управления должны быть предусмотрены дотации для финансирования льготных процентных ставок по кредитам на природоохранные цели. Тогда операции по кредитованию природоохранных мероприятий станут равновыгодными по сравнению с другими кредитами. Результаты : авторами предложены конкретные мероприятия по повышению эффективности привлечения экологических кредитов для финансирования экологических инвестиционных проектов.

Evaluation of environmental management actions in professional and technological education institutions

There is a research shortage on environmental education management indicators, which have allowed a specific sustainability criterion for schools. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and use of Environmental Sustainability Indicators (ESI) in the Brazilian Federal Institutes of Education (BFIE) to verify the efficiency of environmental management education. The equation used in the survey indicates that rates close to zero suggest maximum inefficiency in conservational management, whereas an index of 1, suggests maximum efficiency in environmental management. The equation has the variables pi = score assigned to the variable i; n = total number of variables i, i = 1, ..., 09 and m = total number of campuses j, j = 1, ..., 230. The Index of Environmental Performance in Federal Institutes (IEPFI) obtained in this study showed that the campuses presented indexes that did not exceed the value 0.35, where the ideal value would be 1.0.

Determining of Environmental Laboratory Locations Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method in West Java Province

The province of West Java is one of the largest industrial areas in Indonesia. But there are threats that could disrupt industrial activity in West Java, one of the threats to environmental quality. An important factor influencing the effectiveness and efficiencyof environmental management in the area is whether or not a laboratory exists. UP Ltd. is an environmental laboratory servicescompany established since 1990 and located in South Jakarta. Looking at the state of West Java, the company is interested indeveloping its business by opening a branch in West Java Province. Opening a new branch location or location factor is animportant factor. Therefore, this study is a study of branch office location using Analytical Hierarchy Process method approachas a decision support system to determine alternative locations according to the criteria and sub-criteria set by the company.Data processing result using AHP that Location 03 has the biggest weight with a value of 0,53840. Location 02's second orderwith a value of 0,25719, and an alternative location who has the lowest weight Location 01 value of 0,20103.