Agglomeration Efficiency Research Articles

长江中游城市群环境规制对旅游产业生态效率的影响及空间分异研究

随着旅游产业的快速发展，其对生态环境的负面影响逐渐增大。为缓解当前旅游经济发展与生态环境保护间存在的矛盾，政府有必要在制度层面发挥其对旅游企业的约束作用，减轻旅游环境压力，实现旅游产业可持续发展。基于此，首先采用超效率SBM模型测算2006-2017年长江中游城市群旅游产业生态效率。然后运用重心模型、标准差椭圆等地学方法刻画其空间格局演化特征。最后，以广义最小二乘法建立面板数据模型，分析环境规制对城市群旅游产业生态效率影响。主要结论为：1）2006-2017年长江中游城市群旅游产业生态效率总体始终处于生产前沿面以下，旅游产业生态发展的集约化程度较低。从区域尺度看，三大城市群间效率存在一定差异，环鄱阳湖城市群效率最大，而武汉城市圈最小。从空间格局上看，效率重心整体向东北方向移动，"东高-西低"的空间格局逐渐形成；2）三大子城市群环境规制与旅游产业生态效率间呈"U"型的非线性关系，表明当前总体环境规制水平仍然较低，对效率的增长起抑制作用，但从长远来看，随着环境规制的逐渐增强，其对旅游产业生态效率的影响开始向积极促进方向转变；3）三大子城市群环境规制对效率的影响程度不同，整体呈正向显著影响的城市数量较少，主要集聚在各子城市群的中心城市附近。;With the rapid development of tourism industry, its negative impact on the ecological environment is gradually increasing. In order to alleviate the contradiction between the development of tourism economy and the protection of ecological environment, it is necessary for the government to exert its constraint on tourism enterprises at the institutional level, so as to reduce the pressure of tourism environment and realize the sustainable development of tourism industry.Based on this, this paper firstly uses the super efficiency SBM model to measure the ecological efficiency of tourism industry in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2006 to 2017. Then, the evolution characteristics of spatial pattern are described by gravity model and standard deviation ellipse. Finally, the paper establishes the panel data model with generalized least square method to analyze the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of the impact of environmental regulation on the ecological efficiency of tourism industry in urban agglomeration. The main conclusions are as follows:1) From 2006 to 2017, the overall ecological efficiency of tourism industry in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration has always been below the production frontier, and the ecological development of tourism industry has been at a low level.From the regional scale, there are some differences in the efficiency among the three urban agglomerations. The efficiency of the urban agglomeration around the Poyang Lake is the highest, while that of Wuhan urban agglomeration is the lowest. From the perspective of spatial pattern, the center of gravity of efficiency is moving to the northeast as a whole, and the spatial pattern of high in the east and low in the west is gradually formed; 2) The non-linear relationship between environmental regulation and eco efficiency of tourism industry in the three sub urban agglomerations shows that the overall level of environmental regulation is still low, and the intensity of environmental regulation plays a restraining role in the growth of eco efficiency of tourism industry. However, in the long run, with the gradual enhancement of environmental regulation, its impact on eco efficiency of tourism industry begins to change to a positive direction; 3) In the three sub urban agglomerations, the impact of environmental regulation on the eco efficiency of tourism industry is different. On the whole, the number of cities that environmental regulation has a significant positive impact on the ecological efficiency of tourism industry is small, mainly concentrated near the central city of each sub urban agglomeration.

Assessing ecological efficiency of China's urban agglomerations using data envelopment analysis

Assessing ecological efficiency of China's urban agglomerations using data envelopment analysis

Physical Mechanisms and Theoretical Computation of Efficiency of Submicron Particles Agglomeration by Nonlinear Acoustic Influence

ABSTRACT This study presents a modelling approach to the study of the submicron particle agglomeration process under different conditions of ultrasonic exposure (in both the sinusoidal-wave mode and shock-wave (pulse) mode). For the modelling the non-linear effects occurring under the shock-wave action and influencing the particle coagulation rate are evaluated (pulse transferring, changing of effective cross-section collision by Brownian motion and shock-wave pressure drop, changing of particles concentration). For the first time, the model simultaneously accounts for the non-linear effects. The research conducted has revealed the optimum duration of shock pulses of compression and depression. It has been demonstrated that the shock-wave mode allows up to 20 times rate of submicron particle coagulation as compared to the sinusoidal-wave with the same total energy of action.

Measurement and analysis of green water resources efficiency in Jing-Jin-Ji

Jing-Jin-Ji as one of the most serious water shortage areas in China, improving the green efficiency of water resources is the only way to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and realize the harmonious development of economy, society and ecology. Based on the Super-SBM model and geographical detector model, this paper measures the green water resources efficiency of Jing-Jin-Ji from 2008 to 2018, and analyzes the spatial and temporal differentiation. The result shows that:The efficiency of green water resources in Jing-Jin-Ji fluctuates in an unstable state, and does not reach the DEA effective state, and there is a big gap between the maximum and minimum efficiency of urban agglomeration.

Assessing ecological efficiency of China's urban agglomerations using data envelopment analysis

Assessing ecological efficiency of China's urban agglomerations using data envelopment analysis

Study on Dust Turbulence-Chemical Agglomeration for Electrostatic Precipitation Technology

Due to the turbulent mixing between agglomeration agent and dust, the number of collisions per unit time between particles and droplets increases with the particle size in the process of chemical agglomeration, and the agglomeration efficiency increases accordingly. Turbulent agglomeration can promote the agglomeration effect of subsequent chemical agglomeration by strengthening the collision between particles and agglomerant droplets. The author used chemical agglomeration and turbulent mixing to cooperate in order to improve the efficiency of dust removal. Turbulent mixing can promote chemical agglomeration from agglomeration effect and dust removal efficiency, which can greatly improve electric dust removal technologyTurbulent mixing is the most intense at the inlet box position, and the agglomeration effect is the best. Turbulent mixing synergistic effect has an effect on dust removal efficiency. Compared with the three curves, it can be seen that the dust removal efficiency increases rapidly with the increase of agglomeration concentration, the curve trend changes obviously. The dust removal efficiency can reach 98.36 % and it is the highest in the middle section when the wind speed is greater than 11.2m/s. Through the experiment, the turbulent mixing and chemical coagulation method has a good application prospect in the electrostatic precipitators.

Analysis on the Agricultural Green Production Efficiency and Driving Factors of Urban Agglomerations in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

As one of the main grain-producing areas in China, urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River plays an important role in the development of agricultural production for China’s grain supply. The existing studies about agricultural production efficiency lack of regional coordination analysis at both macro and micro levels, and only few studies consider the impact of agricultural production environment pollution and other undesirable outputs. Based on the input–output index system of agricultural green production, Slacks-based model (SBM) was adopted to measure the agricultural green production efficiency of 31 prefecture level cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2008 to 2018, and the Tobit model of panel fixed effect was used to analyze the driving effect of external factors that affect the agricultural green production efficiency of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. At the same time, the research methods at both macro and micro levels provide ideas for the research of transregional production efficiency. The results showed that: (1) the agricultural green production efficiency of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river is relatively low, with 2009 and 2013 as the inflection points, showing a stable trend of rise and decline; (2) The green agricultural production efficiency of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River presents the spatial distribution characteristics of “high in the west and low in the east”. The regional efficiency difference is obvious, the gap gradually expands, develops from the equilibrium to the polarization; (3) Urbanization development and government intervention has a significant restraining effect on the improvement of agricultural green production efficiency, and opening to the outside world produces a remarkable influence on the improvement of agricultural green production efficiency, however, economic development and industrial structure have little impact on the improvement of agricultural green production efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to increase investment in technological innovation, promote agricultural transformation and upgrading, promote rational factors allocation and promote coordinated development of agriculture based on regional production differences.

Energy recovery of solid waste disposal in Russia, State of the Art and operation experience

For Russia, there is no alternative way of a civilized solution to the problem of municipal solid wastes (MSW): through combustion (energy utilization) to complex processing. The government of the Russian Federation in 2017 adopted some decisions aimed at thermal processing of MSW. The order defines the construction of renewable energy facilities on the basis of MSW with a total electric capacity of 280 MW in Moscow region and one object with an electric capacity of 55 MW in the Republic of Tatarstan. In Russia, only three plants where the energy potential of MSW is converted into electricity were built. The results of the operation experience of fluidized bed furnaces for MSW incineration at Rudnevo plant in Russia are done. The main problems were connected with ash properties, deposit formation, and corrosion of superheater tubes. Also, the data of mathematical modeling of dynamic behavior near gas burners, chemical composition and material balance of solids, and the influence of secondary air injection on NOx formation are given. A special test rig was designed for the investigation of the corrosion mechanism. Also, the main corrosion factors (temperature of the tube surface, rates of O2, HCl, SO2, and H2O in flue gas, contains chloride and alkali metals in deposits) were found during the tests. Experience of energy recovery from waste incineration of pulp and paper mill plants is presented. Considerable attention is paid to improving the efficiency of waste incineration and bed particle agglomeration. Special experiments were carried out to optimize the bed drain flow rate. The influence of secondary air supply improvement on mixing with the main flow and boiler efficiency is given. Semi-empirical three-zone method of engineering heat calculations for fluidized bed furnaces of biomass boilers was proposed to predict both the value of outlet furnace temperature and the value of fluidized bed temperature. The method based on empirical values and relationships of the share of heat release in fluidized bed zone.

Experimental investigation on a novel agglomeration device based on charged ultrasonic spray and vortex generators for improving the removal of fine particles

Multi-field synergistic agglomeration is a promising pretreatment technology for improving the control and removal of fine particles. In this work, a novel agglomerator coupling with plasma charged ultrasonic spray and turbulent vortex generator was put forward, which has three agglomeration modes, namely turbulent agglomeration, atomized turbulent agglomeration and charged atomized turbulent agglomeration. As a pretreatment device, the agglomerator was combined with a fabric filter for the experimental investigation. The result indicated that the agglomeration efficiencies of the PM1 for the three agglomeration modes were 21.8%, 53.2% and 68.9%, respectively; and the removal efficiencies of the PM1 for the only fabric filter and the fabric filter combined with the three agglomeration modes were 66.5%, 83.9%, 86.8% and 89.7%, respectively. The characteristic experiment of the designed electrode showed that the stable voltage was about 19–38 kV and the charge-to-mass ratio was in the range of 1–5 mC kg−1. The optimization study of the two important parameters showed that the atomization quantity was recommended in the range of 1.6–2.7 kg∙h−1 and the inlet flue gas velocity should be as small as possible and close to 4.8 m/s to ensure the agglomeration effect.

Investigation of the impact of hydrodynamic parameters for phosphorus recovery from synthetic anaerobic digester supernatant in a fluidized bed reactor

Recovering phosphorus (P) from wastewater as struvite has been investigated widely as this approach represents a solution to several wastewater-related problems. Some of the typical process units applied in the industry for struvite recovery from wastewater streams include fluidized bed reactors where individual struvite crystals are being agglomerated into spherical granules, or pellets. Various hydrodynamic parameters affect the extent of inter-particle collisions, the intensity of mixing, localized concentrations of ionic species, nature of eddies, etc. which determine the efficiency of the crystal agglomeration. This study evaluated the impact of three key hydrodynamic parameters (up-flow velocity, feed injection nozzle velocity, and nozzle configuration) on P-removal and recovery efficiencies in a newly designed novel fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Lowering up-flow velocities from 60 cm/min to 20 cm/min resulted in higher P-removal and recovery efficiency, whereas high up-flow velocities were favorable for the production of larger pellets and fines. Nevertheless, higher nozzle velocity (18.04 m/s) was responsible for improving P-recovery efficiencies. The nozzle velocity had a strong influence on the morphology of pellets and fines. High nozzle velocity contributed to the formation of the smooth-surfaced pellets and plate-shaped fines. Three different nozzle-configurations generating different flow patterns within the agglomeration zone were studied.

The Application of Preparation of Titanium Dioxide by Microwave Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Yu, Z.; Wang, W.X.; Gao, H., and Liang, D.X., 2020. The application of preparation of titanium dioxide by microwave technology for water and wastewater treatment. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 297-301. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.To solve the problems of agglomeration and low efficiency caused by heating in the traditional preparation of titanium dioxide, in this research, nanometer Titanium is prepared by microwave technology. First of all, the experimental materials, the equipment needed for the experiment, and the principles and characteristics of microwave technology are introduced in this study. The results show that the mesoporous titanium dioxide prepared by microwave technology in this research not only has a rough surface, but also has a large surface area and pore volume.

Research on Export Efficiency Measurement and Influencing Factors of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration

This paper firstly analyses the export situation of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration in the past 10 years, and then uses the DEA model and panel data model to analyse export efficiency measurement and influencing factors of Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration. Finally, it proposes countermeasures to promote the improvement of the export efficiency of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration.

Simulation and optimization of the particle agglomeration in an aerodynamic agglomerator using a CFD–PBM coupled model

As an effective method to remove fine particulate matter (FPM) in coal-fired industries, the aerodynamic agglomeration has recently received increasing attention due to its application value. In this paper, a CFD–PBM coupled model of the particle agglomeration for industrial application was developed to predict the particle size distributions (PSDs) using Eulerian multiphase approach and Population Balance Model. Three kinds of particles with different inertia (i.e. inertialess, finite inertial, and inertial) and Brownian motion were considered, and a collision efficiency was induced to modify the kernel functions. Furthermore, the impacts of inlet velocity, initial particle concentration and flow field on the PSDs and the agglomeration efficiency were investigated. The results show that the agglomeration efficiencies of particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] 2.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and [Formula: see text] 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m (i.e. PM[Formula: see text] and PM[Formula: see text]) both present logarithmic curves with the inlet velocity or the initial particle concentration. Under the working condition of the calculation, the optimal inlet velocity is in the range of 11–15[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text], and the optimal agglomeration efficiency of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is about 40%. The aerodynamic agglomerator is suitable for the traditional coal-fired power plants and cement plants, but it is not recommended when the initial particle concentration is less than 16.9[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text]. The analysis of the flow field shows that the longitudinal edge of the vortex and the windward side of the vortex generator are the main regions where particles agglomerate.

Analysis of regional energy economic efficiency and its influencing factors: A case study of Yangtze river urban agglomeration

The current economic development is based on high input and high consumption, which is contrary to the current green development concept. Improving energy economic efficiency is a powerful way to balance economic development and energy consumption. This paper focuses on estimation of energy economic efficiency of Yangtze River Urban Agglomeration (YRUA). The Slack-Based Model (SBM) was used to estimate the energy economic efficiency of each city by using data from 2008 to 2017. Moreover, in order to better explore the constraints of energy economic efficiency improvement, the energy economic efficiency is decomposed into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Combined with Moran index, the spatial distribution characteristics of energy efficiency in urban agglomeration are studied. The Tobit regression model was used to analysis on influencing factors of the energy economic efficiency. The results showed that the energy economic efficiency of the YRUA first declined and then increased overall. Particularly, the economic efficiency of Suzhou and Wuxi has been in the effective state of the evaluation unit, while the energy efficiency of Yangzhou, Taizhou and Zhenjiang is relatively low. From the perspective of its decomposition index, scale efficiency is the main factor restricting the efficiency of energy economy. On the one hand, the energy economic efficiency of urban agglomeration has a certain spatial aggregation, and its spatial distribution is positively correlated. On the other hand, the effect of technological progress on energy economic efficiency is not significant. The industrial structure is negatively correlated with the energy economic efficiency. Therefore, the industrial structure, economic development level and urbanization level can be promoted to improve energy economic efficiency.

The Influence of Trade Agglomeration on Technology Diffusion in Coastal Cities in Different Time and Space

Shan, Q., 2020. The influence of trade agglomeration on technology diffusion in coastal cities in different time and space. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 543–547. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In order to realize the coordinated economic development of coastal cities, the influence of trade agglomeration on technology diffusion effect of coastal cities in different time and space is put forward. This paper analyzes the influence of main factors and technological factors on the diffusion effect of technology in coastal cities, and obtains the influence of internal factors of trade agglomeration on the diffusion effect of technology. Based on the analysis of economic environment and policy environment of city agglomeration, the influence of external factors of trade agglomeration on technology diffusion effect is obtained. The relationship between trade agglomeration and economic efficiency was tested by systematic GMM and panel regression. Trade agglomeration in each city has a significant promoting effect on scale efficiency, and has a significant difference on total factor productivity and other decomposition index. Therefore, some suggestions are put forward, such as taking the market as the core of the reform, strengthening the reform of the trade supply side, “moving from the virtual to the real”, promoting innovation-driven development and expanding trade opening.

Spatial and temporal pattern evolution and influencing factors of energy–environmental efficiency: A case study of Yangtze River urban agglomeration in China

Improving energy–environmental efficiency is prerequisite for sustainable development. In order to explore ways to improve energy–environmental efficiency, this paper uses the undesired output slack-based model to measure the energy–environmental efficiency of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration based on the input and output index data from 2008 to 2017, and its spatial and temporal pattern evolution is analyzed by using kernel density estimation, Gini coefficient, and coefficient of variation. Moreover, the Tobit regression model is used to analyze the influencing factors of the energy–environmental efficiency of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration. The results indicate that the energy–environmental efficiency of each city is increased continuously, and the regional differences are gradually narrowed. The spatial pattern is changed from polar nucleus type to valley type, and finally the distribution characteristics of “overall high” are formed. Overall, the energy–environmental efficiency presents a spatial layout of “high in the east and low in the west.” The regression results show that the level of economic development and energy–environmental efficiency are “U-type” associated characteristics, and government regulation and population density have significant positive effects on it. Industrial structure and technological progress have negative effects on it, and the effect of opening degree is not significant.

Numerical simulation of acoustic agglomeration of fine particles in sintered flue gas of steel production

Fine particles in the sintering flue gas of steel production account for the vast majority, which is the primary control object of PM2.5 emission sources. Traditional dust removal methods have low capture efficiency for fine particles below 1 micron. Previous research on acoustic agglomeration has focused on broad-spectrum smoke, and there is a lack of understanding of the agglomeration process of sub-micron narrow-spectrum case. Based on the zoning method, the time evolution data of particle size distribution (PSD) and agglomeration efficiency corresponding to different frequencies, sound pressure levels (SPLs), and particle concentrations under the sub-micron narrow-spectrum condition are calculated in this paper. The data analysis shows that the agglomeration efficiency of the fine particle dominated flue gas increases with the increase in the frequency of action. High sound intensity conditions are conducive to improving the agglomeration efficiency, and high flue gas concentration conditions can significantly reduce the emission reduction time and energy consumption. Compared with broad-spectrum flue gas, due to the small difference in particle size and movement speed, under the same action conditions, fine particles occupy a longer agglomeration time, and the required acoustic intensity is higher, which is not conducive to practical industrial applications. Therefore, after adding a small amount of large-size particles, the acoustic agglomeration of fine particles dominated smoke was studied. Theoretical analysis shows that the presence of a small number of large particles in the flue gas significantly enhances the agglomeration efficiency and reduces the time of action and the acoustic intensity. In-plant tests verified the feasibility of acoustic agglomeration in the real-time treatment of sintered flue gas and the advantage of adding a small amount of large particles. The test sound frequency range is 50 Hz to 2 kHz, the fundamental frequency SPL is 87.3 ~ 161.8dB, and the action time is within 3s. The measured PM2.5 emission reduction efficiency is 16% ~ 92%, and the optimal frequency is about 800Hz.

Promoting the removal of fine particles by turbulent agglomeration with the coupling of different-scale vortexes

To improve the particle agglomeration and removal effect by turbulent agglomeration, the coupling of different-scale vortexes in turbulent flow field was proposed and a turbulent agglomerator containing different types of vortex sheets was constructed and applied. The particle agglomeration efficiency, size distribution and removal effect by ESP through it were investigated experimentally. The results demonstrated that the coupling of different-scale vortexes in turbulent flow field can further promote the agglomeration and removal of fine particles. The particle agglomeration efficiency was improved and the particle number and mass concentrations at the outlet of ESP were reduced. Besides, to explore the coupling promotion mechanism, the flow field distribution, as well as the particle motion trajectory, residence time and fluctuation range in y-axis direction in three turbulent agglomerators were simulated using CFD method, and a turbulent agglomeration model for fine particles with different sizes was put forward.

Agglomeration dynamics in liquid–solid particle-laden turbulent channel flows using an energy-based deterministic approach

A deterministic particle–particle agglomeration technique is applied together with direct numerical simulation and four-way coupled Lagrangian particle tracking in order to accurately simulate and investigate fully coupled agglomerating particle-laden channel flows at a shear Reynolds number, Reτ = 180. The collision outcome determination (recoil or aggregate) is based on the balance between kinetic energy dispersed in the collision and the work required to overcome the van der Waals attractive potential. The influence of particle size (dP = 202 μm, 286 μm, and 405 μm), both at a fixed volume fraction (ϕP = 10−3) and a fixed primary injected particle number (NP = 109 313), on the resulting collision and agglomeration dynamics is investigated. Attention is also focused on how collision and agglomeration rates vary throughout the wall-normal regions of the channel flow. The results demonstrate that the normalized collision rates are similar for all particle sizes at the fixed volume fraction but increase with particle size at the fixed particle number, and a preference is observed for collisions to occur close to the walls. Despite this, in all cases considered here, agglomeration events are most frequent at the center of the channel, with agglomeration efficiencies also peaking in this region. In terms of particle diameter effects, the smallest particles exhibit the greatest preference to aggregate, given that a collision has already occurred. Furthermore, whereas normalized collision and agglomeration event counts show differing diameter-dependence based on whether the number of primary particles or the volume fraction is fixed, agglomeration rates show diameter-independence and as such are based solely on particle size and local dispersive properties. Analysis of the dynamic collision properties throughout the channel confirms that agglomeration is favored within the bulk flow region due to low relative particle velocities and small collision angles at this location. The temporal evolution of important interaction properties is investigated, all of which demonstrate stability over the course of the time simulated. Particle diameter is also shown to influence the long-term population of higher-order agglomerates, with (for a given volume fraction) smaller particles aggregating faster to form larger particles. The systems studied, which resemble those present in the processing of nuclear waste, all exhibit substantial agglomeration over the time considered. This reinforces the importance of accurately modeling agglomeration dynamics in flows where electrokinetic interactions are important in order to correctly predict multiphase flow properties over long timeframes.

Promoting the removal of fine particles and zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater by spray-turbulent agglomeration

The treatment of fine particles and desulfurization wastewater from coal-fired power plants is an important issue in the field of energy and environment. To promote the removal of fine particles and zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater, a novel treatment technology with the coupling of spray evaporation and turbulent agglomeration was proposed, and the effect of desulfurization wastewater spray on fine particles agglomeration and removal were investigated by experiment. The results showed that the spray-turbulent agglomeration system can effectively promote the agglomeration and removal of fine particles through capillary force and adhesion effect of crystals precipitated from the desulfurization wastewater droplets. After that the fine particles agglomeration efficiency was improved to 39.3%, which was 10.9% higher than single turbulent agglomeration, and the number and mass concentrations of fine particles after ESP reduced about 46.5% and 38.9%, respectively. In addition, the effect of turbulent agglomeration system on the evaporation of desulfurization wastewater was studied by simulation using CFD models, the motion trajectory, evaporation time and motion distance of spray droplets with different sizes were calculated. It indicated that turbulence can increase the relative velocity between droplets and flue gas, thus improving the heat and mass transfer rates of spray droplets in the evaporation process, so as to promote the evaporation of large-size droplets and shorten their motion distance required for complete evaporation. The average motion distance of spray droplets was shortened by 383 and 543 mm respectively at the diameter size of 110 and 120 μm.