Energy recovery of solid waste disposal in Russia, State of the Art and operation experience

Abstract

For Russia, there is no alternative way of a civilized solution to the problem of municipal solid wastes (MSW): through combustion (energy utilization) to complex processing. The government of the Russian Federation in 2017 adopted some decisions aimed at thermal processing of MSW. The order defines the construction of renewable energy facilities on the basis of MSW with a total electric capacity of 280 MW in Moscow region and one object with an electric capacity of 55 MW in the Republic of Tatarstan. In Russia, only three plants where the energy potential of MSW is converted into electricity were built. The results of the operation experience of fluidized bed furnaces for MSW incineration at Rudnevo plant in Russia are done. The main problems were connected with ash properties, deposit formation, and corrosion of superheater tubes. Also, the data of mathematical modeling of dynamic behavior near gas burners, chemical composition and material balance of solids, and the influence of secondary air injection on NOx formation are given. A special test rig was designed for the investigation of the corrosion mechanism. Also, the main corrosion factors (temperature of the tube surface, rates of O2, HCl, SO2, and H2O in flue gas, contains chloride and alkali metals in deposits) were found during the tests. Experience of energy recovery from waste incineration of pulp and paper mill plants is presented. Considerable attention is paid to improving the efficiency of waste incineration and bed particle agglomeration. Special experiments were carried out to optimize the bed drain flow rate. The influence of secondary air supply improvement on mixing with the main flow and boiler efficiency is given. Semi-empirical three-zone method of engineering heat calculations for fluidized bed furnaces of biomass boilers was proposed to predict both the value of outlet furnace temperature and the value of fluidized bed temperature. The method based on empirical values and relationships of the share of heat release in fluidized bed zone.