Effect Of Wheat Bran Research Articles

Effects of wheat bran on blood and tissue hormone levels in adult female rats.

The protective effect of dietary fiber on breast cancer development might be explained by the interaction between dietary fiber and hormonal processes. We studied the effects of dietary fiber and the effects of a reduced energy intake on the exposure of mammary tissue to both estrogens and progesterone, as well as the blood plasma levels of these steroids and of LH and FSH. Adult female Fisher rats were fed ad libitum either a low-fiber diet (0.5% dietary fiber based on wheat flour) or a high-fiber diet (9.2% dietary fiber based on wheat bran). A third group was used to control for the reduced energy intake of the high-fiber group and was fed the low-fiber diet restricted. Energy intake was similar for the second and third groups. Four out of 14 rats of the high-fiber group and 4 out of 15 rats of the restricted low-fiber groups were not in cycle after seven weeks on the experimental diets, indicating that the estrous cycle was significantly affected by a reduced energy intake. Exposure of mammary tissue to estrogens did not differ among the groups, as measured by estrone, estradiol-17 beta, estriol and peroxidase activity. During the peak period, plasma LH levels were significantly higher in the high-fiber group than in the two low-fiber groups. FSH and progesterone plasma levels were unaffected by the experimental diets. It is concluded that dietary fiber affects the hormonal processes involved in breast cancer development. The increased LH levels indicate an increased estrogen production in the ad libitum high-fiber group.

Effects of wheat bran and energy restriction on onset of puberty, cell proliferation and development of mammary tissue in female rats.

Delayed onset of puberty and mammary development is assumed to reduce the risk of mammary cancer. An animal experiment was performed to investigate the influence of dietary fiber, which is known to affect hormonal balance, on these characteristics. Forty-five immature female rats were randomized into three groups, which were fed ad libitum a low-fiber diet (less than 0.5% dietary fiber based on white wheat flour), a high-fiber diet (9.2% dietary fiber based on wheat bran), or an energy-restricted low-fiber diet providing 90% of the energy of the ad libitum low-fiber diet. Energy intake in the second and third groups was similar. Wheat bran slightly delayed onset of puberty, whereas restricted energy intake delayed onset of puberty by about six days. At 48-58 days of age, 14 rats of the low-fiber group, 10 of the high-fiber group and 7 of the restricted group were in cycle. Development of mammary tissue was rudimentary in rats of the energy-restricted low-fiber group, stronger in the high-fiber group and strongest in the ad libitum low-fiber group. Cell proliferation in mammary tissue was similar for both groups fed ad libitum, but significantly lower in the restricted group. Peroxidase activity, a biomarker for estrogenicity, was lower in the high-fiber group than in the two low-fiber groups. It is concluded that wheat bran and, even more effectively, an imposed restricted energy intake delays onset of puberty and mammary development. This shortens the time for mammary cells to be initiated to tumor cells and hence reduces the risk of mammary cancer development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of wheat bran and wheat germ on the intestinal uptake of oleic acid, monoolein, and cholesterol in the rat

The effects of fiber-rich wheat bran and wheat germ on the intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol, free fatty acids, and monoglycerides were studied. Rats were given a test meal containing [ 14C]oleic acid, [ 14C]monoolein, and [ 3H]cholesterol. After a 1-hour digestion period, wheat bran or wheat germ (10% of meal solids) did not significantly modify the gastric emptying of lipids. No effect of wheat bran was evidenced on the amounts of lipids and cholesterol in the intestinal content or the mucosal segments, whereas wheat germ significantly increased the cholesterol in the small intestine content, decreasing its intestinal absorption. Both fractions only slightly influenced the levels of absorbed lipids and cholesterol in the plasma and liver. In vitro binding measurements showed that the wheat fractions bind only 7% to 15% of both lipids and cholesterol. Results indicate that wheat bran has no direct effect on the mucosal uptake process, whereas wheat germ might decrease the uptake of dietary cholesterol by an as yet unknown mechanism.

Effects of wheat bran in the diet of postsurgical orthopaedic patients to prevent constipation.

This researcher studied the use of wheat bran versus Metamucil ® in the diet of 22 matched pairs of postsurgical orthopaedic patients. This article presents results of the data that were collected over a period of5 months to answer the following questions: (I) Will the addition of bran in the diet of postsurgical orthopaedic patients cause an increase in spontaneous regular bowel movements? (2) Will the addition of bran in the diet of postsurgical orthopaedic patients cause a decreased need for Dulcolax® suppositories, Fleet® enemas, and Phillips *® Milk of Magnesia?

Effect of wheat bran on weight of stool

Effect of wheat bran on weight of stool

Effect of wheat bran on weight of stool: Author's reply

Effect of wheat bran on weight of stool: Author's reply

Effect of wheat bran on weight of stool and gastrointestinal transit time: a meta analysis.

Twenty original papers that reported on the effect of wheat bran on large bowel function were analysed. Bran increased the stool weight and decreased the transit time in each study in healthy controls and in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome, with diverticula, and with chronic constipation. Statistical evaluation of the data showed, however, that constipated patients had lower stool output and slower transit whether or not they had taken bran, and they responded less well to bran treatment than controls. From these data it is concluded that bran can be expected to be only partially effective in restoring normal stool weight and transit time in patients who are constipated.

Folate bioavailability in humans: effects of wheat bran and beans

The effect of wheat bran or California small white beans in the diet on absorption of monoglutamyl (PteGlu) and heptaglutamyl folic acid (PteGlu7) was studied in six men confined to a metabolic unit. Relative folate absorption was determined by measuring 24-h urinary folate excretion and serum folate levels at 0, 1, and 2 h after ingestion of a formula meal containing 1.13 mumol PteGlu or PteGlu7 (500 micrograms PteGlu equivalent). Serum data showed PteGlu absorption was more rapid than PteGlu7 absorption. Urinary excretion of PteGlu7 was 63% (50 less than or equal to mean less than or equal to 76%) of PteGlu excretion. Addition of 30 g wheat bran to the formula meal accelerated PteGlu absorption whereas PteGlu7 absorption was not significantly affected by either food. Effects of the two foods were qualitatively different. Wheat bran increased the absorption of PteGlu relative to PteGlu7 whereas beans minimized the difference between PteGlu and PteGlu7 serum areas.

The effect of wheat bran on the absorption and accumulation of cadmium in rats.

1. The major purpose of the present study was to determine whether the addition of wheat bran to endosperm crisp bread in a composite diet given to rats for 6 weeks causes an increase in the accumulation of cadmium in the rats due to the Cd content in the bran, or whether binding factors in the bran, such as dietary fibre and phytic acid, reduce or prevent the accumulation of this Cd. A second purpose was to determine whether the accumulation of Cd can be estimated by measuring the absorption of 109Cd given in a single meal of the diet. 2. Three groups of eight rats were fed on one of three diets. Half of each diet consisted of a basal mixture of starch, protein, oil, minerals and vitamins. The remainder consisted of crisp breads based on refined wheat flour (endosperm group), wheat flour + bran in equal amounts (bran group) and wheat flour + Cd to give a Cd content similar to that of the bran group (endosperm + Cd group). After 41 d on the diets, the rats were deprived of food but not water for 12 h and then given a 5 g test meal of their respective diets with 109Cd added. After 3 h the remaining 109Cd-labelled diets were replaced with the unlabelled diets for 3 h before the rats were killed. 3. The total Cd contents in the wall of the proximal small intestine, including mucus, and in the liver and kidneys were highest in the endosperm + Cd group and lowest in the endosperm group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of wheat bran on bowel function and fecal calcium in older adults.

Seven healthy older volunteers participated in a 33-day study consisting of three sample collection periods, a 10-day control, and two 10-day experimental periods. Subjects consumed their usual self-selected diets throughout and a daily wheat bran supplement (30 g) during the two experimental periods. Food intake was recorded daily by subjects and accuracy and completeness checked daily by personal interview. Apparent calcium absorption decreased significantly from 22.1 +/- 5.6% (mean +/- SD) during the control to 8.6 +/- 5.2% during the second bran period. The wheat bran supplement significantly increased wet and dry stool weights but had no effect on stool moisture or defecation frequency. Gastrointestinal transit time of a dose of chromium decreased significantly, from 75 +/- 33 to 54 +/- 19 hr; of a dose of polyethylene glycol insignificantly, from 98 +/- 59 to 69 +/- 46 hr. Mean recovery of 21 doses of chromium of 98.7 +/- 5.0% verified that stool collection was complete. The results suggest that the ability of wheat bran to regulate bowel function in the apparently healthy older adult may be accompanied by increased fecal calcium losses similar to what has been reported for younger adults.

The effect of wheat bran on the excretion of cadmium in rats.

The influence of wheat bran as a source of dietary fibre on the excretion of ingested cadmium from diet was studied. The cadmium contents in the diets, faeces, urine, liver, kidney and spleen were determined, as well as the weight gains, the relative weights of the cited organs, and the levels of alkaline phosphatase in serum. No evidence is provided that an increasing portion of wheat bran in the diets induced an increase in cadmium excretion. Changes in the studied toxicity parameters were not found.

回‐直腸ふん合ラットの消化管内容物移動速度に対する食物繊維の影響

The effects of wheat bran, Solka-floc and pectin on gastrointestinal transit time (TT) were investigated in ileorectostomized rats. After the operation, the rats were fed a fiber free diet (FF diet), a FF diet with 10% wheat bran (WB diet), a FF diet with 10% Solka-floc (SF diet) or a FF diet with 5% pectin (P diet) for 4 weeks (n=5, in each group). No significant differences were found in the growth rate of rats fed the FF diet, WB diet or SF diet. However, the growth of rats fed P diet decreased compared with the other hand, the WB diet or SF diet did not have any effects on TT. As it is well known that WB and SF diet decrease TT in the large intestine, over results here suggest that TT in the small intestine is delayed by feeding these dietary fibers.

Effect of Wheat Bran, Pectin and Cellulose on the Secretion of Bile Lipids in Rats

We assayed the lipid content of bile from rats that had been fed either a standard diet (5% fat) or a high fat diet (25% fat, 1.2% cholesterol) in the presence or in the absence of various dietary fibers (namely, wheat bran, pectin and cellulose). The cholesterol concentration in bile from rats fed the high fat diet plus wheat bran or pectin was lower than that of the rats fed the high fat, high cholesterol diet without fiber. Bile phospholipids did not vary significantly from one group to another. In comparison to the standard diet, the high fat, high cholesterol diet led to a greater ratio of primary to secondary bile salts and a higher level of glycoconjugates. The observed differences may be explained by a variation in the metabolism of bile salts brought about by the difference in diet.

The effect of wheat bran on the indicators of glucose-tolerance test in healthy individuals

Diabetic patients (Fiber foods should be recommended as they improve glycemic control and reduce the need for insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs [9, 13]. "Urgent field studies are needed to test all these important hypotheses" [3].

Effects of wheat bran and porridge oats on hepatic portal venous volatile fatty acids in the pig.

Adult male pigs (40-60 kg of body weight) of the Kangaroo Island strain were surgically implanted with chronic indwelling hepatic portal venous cannulae. After a 24-hour fast the animals were given meals containing 500 g of either wheat bran or porridge oats and 200 g of sucrose and 2 litres of milk. With both cereal preparations plasma volatile fatty acids rose in the hepatic portal vein but the increase was significantly greater with wheat bran. Omission of sucrose and milk did not alter the response to porridge oats but diminished the response to wheat bran. These changes in plasma volatile fatty acids were unaffected by prior cooking of the cereals with hot water. With all test meals acetate and propionate were the major acids found, with butyrate contributing less than 8% of the total. This compositional profile was also found when the pigs were fed a commercial ration. The absence of butyrate differed from observations in the rat and reflected low concentrations of this acid in large bowel digesta. The difference in the response of the concentration of volatile fatty acids to feeding porridge oats and wheat bran in the pig was also the reverse of that found in the rat. These species differences may be of significance in relation to the choice of animal models for human fibre metabolism.

Effects of Wheat Bran on the Exocrine Pancreas and the Small Intestinal Mucosa in the Dog

Five Beagle dogs, equipped with duodenal and gastric fistulae, were fed a standard diet before receiving the same diet supplemented with wheat bran for 1 month. Pancreatic secretory investigations performed in conscious animals before and 1 month after bran administration showed a significant parallel increase in the flow rate of pancreatic secretion and the outputs of bicarbonate and amylase both in basal and secretin-stimulated conditions. The outputs of protein and chymotrypsin increased only in unstimulated secretions, while the output of lipase was strongly reduced in response to secretin. However, the small intestinal mucosa was not affected by bran administration. Dietary fiber did not alter the height of the villi or the activity of sucrase, maltase and aminopeptidase in mucosal homogenates or isolated brush border membranes from intestinal biopsies. These data suggest that wheat bran supplemented to the standard diet affects the exocrine pancreatic secretion but not intestinal enzyme activities involved in the absorption of carbohydrates and proteins in the dog.

Therapeutic effect of wheat bran

In the structure of internal pathology, a significant proportion is occupied by diseases of the large intestine of various etiologies. The complexity of the differential diagnosis of individual intestinal diseases is due to the uniformity of their clinical picture. Currently, there is an extreme fascination with the diagnosis of "chronic colitis" to the detriment of, obviously, more common intestinal diseases of a functional nature or associated with dysbiosis, gynofermentation of the small intestine, violation of its absorption function with secondary changes in the function of the large intestine. Diverticulosis occupies a certain place among them, which, according to currently available data, is not always associated with the development of the inflammatory process. More often it is caused by pathological activity of the circular and longitudinal muscles of the intestinal wall [4, 5], prolonged constipation (irritable bowel syndrome).

Effect of wheat bran upon gastro-intestinal transit in germ-free and conventional rats.

Germ-free and conventional rats were fed a semi-synthetic diet including 10% wheat bran for 1 month. They were compared to similar rats fed the same diet without bran. Transit of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 was studied in giving the marker either in saline or in the diet. The presence of a bacterial flora was found to accelerate small intestine transit and total transit. The ingestion of solid food slowed gastric emptying but had little effect on small intestine transit. Wheat bran slowed gastric emptying of PEG in most of the experimental groups. It had no significant effect on small intestine transit except in germ-free rats having received the marker in solid food. It accelerated total transit in germ-free and conventional rats. The results suggest that bran mainly exerts its action in the hindgut. The role of microflora in this action of bran is discussed.

The Effect of Wheat Bran on the Bioavailability of Vitamin B-6 in Young Men

The effect of cooked wheat bran on the bioavailability of vitamin B-6 (B-6) was determined in 10 men, aged 20 to 35 years. The subjects consumed a constant diet with and without the addition of 15 g wheat bran during three successive 18-day periods in a switch-back design. Half of the subjects received the additional bran during periods 1 and 3; the other half consumed the bran during period 2. The bran and nonbran diets supplied, respectively, 1.69 and 1.66 mg of B-6 daily. Plasma total B-6 and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), and urinary and fecal B-6 were determined at regular intervals during each period. Bran significantly increased fecal B-6 (P < 0.05) and decreased urinary 4-PA (P < 0.01). Bran also significantly depressed plasma B-6 (P < 0.01) and PLP (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the addition of 15 g of wheat bran to the diet decreased the bioavailability of B-6. Since this decrease was modest, never exceeding 17% (based on urinary 4PA and B-6), this amount of bran will not adversely affect B-6 status when intake of the vitamin is adequate.

The effect of wheat bran on the absorption of minerals in the small intestine.

1. Studies on mineral absorption were carried out in ileostomy patients using the metabolic balance technique. The effect of wheat bran on the absorption of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron was studied. The extent of digestion of bran phytate in the stomach and small intestine was also investigated. 2. Eight patients with well established conventional ileostomies were studied during two periods while on a constant low-fibre diet. In the second period, 16 g wheat bran/d (American Association of Cereal Chemists) was added to the diet. The amount of phytate-P, non-phytate-P, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe was determined in the ileostomy contents and in duplicate portions of the diet. 3. Of the added bran phytate-P 24-61% was recovered in the ileostomy contents. In the bran period a significantly decreased amount of Zn was absorbed, while the apparent absorption of Fe and phytate-P increased and that of non-phytate-P, Ca and Mg remained constant. Due to the mineral content of bran, the relative absorption differed in some respects from the absolute absorption, being decreased for Zn, Mg and phytate-P but unchanged for Ca, Fe and non-phytate-P. 4. It is concluded that phytate is partly digested in the stomach and small intestine or possibly absorbed. Addition of 16 g bran/d to the diet does not seem to impair the mineral absorption from the small intestine except that of Zn.