Effect Of Weak Magnetic Field Research Articles

Sulfuric Containing Sugar Bath and Permanent Weak Magnetic Field Effect during Anodizing AlCu6Si Alloy Sheet Surfaces

Rolling and perpendicular to rolling surfaces of AlCu6Si aluminum sheet have been anodized at 27 ± 1°C in 20 wt % sulfuric acid containing an additive of white sugar powder with and without permanent weak magnetic field. After one hour of anodizing, some hillocks-shaped micropores are developed and craters are formed in the oxide layers. The micropores obtained in rolling faces are often smaller than those obtained on other faces. Sulfuric anodizing at 21 V causes the formation of combined micropore-nanopore structures in rolling surface. It demonstrated that sugar additive increases the density of micropores in spherical shape in rolling surface and the increasing of sugar concentration changes the pores to hillocks form. In addition, the application of weak magnetic field induces homogeneous repartition of micropores.

Effects of electricity on plant responses

Abstract Numerous investigations into the abiotic elicitation of plant responses with UV-B radiation, temperature, drought, CO2, nutrients, heavy metals and wounding have been carried out in the agronomic sector and are described in various reviews. However, it is not clear if electricity can be classified as an abiotic stress elicitor to affect plants. While the aforementioned abiotic stress elicitors are well investigated, the impact of electricity on plant development and accumulation of metabolites is not well understood. This review describes the effects of electricity, including strong and weak electric fields, magnetic fields and electric currents on plant growth and development, as well as on plant metabolites. Possible signalling pathways as affected by electricity are also discussed. It is further discussed the application of electricity to enhance plants in horticulture and it’s classification as an abiotic stress elicitor.

Effect of Weak Magnetic Fields on the Electric Properties of CdTe Crystals

The effect of static and pulsed magnetic fields (~1 T) on the electrical conductivity of CdTe crystals has been revealed. With a delay after the magnetic exposure of crystals, the effect is observed in the form of two peaks of their conductivity with the subsequent relaxation return. The first peak at both types of magnetic treatment is observed ~1 h after exposure and its amplitude exceeds the background value by ~23–36% (the larger value corresponds to the static field). The second peak appears in both cases also at commensurate but much larger delays of ~50–60 h, and its amplitudes are much different for the two types of exposure, exceeding the background by ~60% for the static field and only by ~11% for the pulsed field. Possible mechanisms of the observed effects have been discussed.

Weak magnetic field enhances the activation of peroxymonosulfate by ZnO@Fe3O4.

The effect of weak magnetic field (WMF) on Acid Orange 7 (AO7) removal by ZnO@Fe3O4/peroxymonosulphate (PMS) was investigated. The results showed that the AO7 sequestration rate enhanced progressively to 0.14183 min−1 in the presence of WMF, approximately 3 times the 0.04966 min−1 in the absence of WMF. SO4˙−/SO5˙− and O2˙− radicals were generated from the decomposition of PMS catalyzed by ZnO@Fe3O4 causing the degradation of AO7. In addition, a weak magnetic field promoted the production of O2˙− radicals and transition of Fe3+ to Fe2+. Radical-pair theory was used in this study to describe the role of WMF and a possible reaction mechanism was derived. Based on that, the influence of magnetic field flux intensity, pH and the reusability of ZnO@Fe3O4 were investigated in this paper.

Spatial memory recovery in Alzheimer's rat model by electromagnetic field exposure

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Although studies have shown a potential association between extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) exposure and Alzheimer's disease (AD), few studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of weak magnetic fields on brain functions such as cognitive functions in animal models. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of ELF-EMF exposure (50 Hz, 10 mT) on spatial learning and memory changes in AD rats.Methods: Amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-42 was injected into lateral ventricle to establish an AD rat model. The rats were divided into six groups: Group I (control); Group II (surgical sham); Group III (AD) Alzheimer's rat model; Group IV (MF) rats exposed to ELF-MF for 14 consecutive days; Group V (Aβ injection+M) rats exposed to magnetic field for 14 consecutive days from day 0 to 14 days after the Aβ peptide injection; Group VI (AD+M) rats exposed to magnetic field for 14 consecutive days after 2 weeks of Aβ peptide injection from 14th to 28th day . Morris water maze investigations were performed.Results: AD rats showed a significant impairment in learning and memory compared to control rats. The results showed that ELF-MF improved the learning and memory impairments in Aβ injection+M and AD+M groups.Conclusion: Our results showed that application of ELF-MF not only has improving effect on different cognitive disorder signs of AD animals, but also disrupts the processes of AD rat model formation.

Effect of Weak Magnetic Field on Bacterial Growth

Effects of weak magnetic fields are observed on the growth of various bacterial strains. Different sources of a constant magnetic field are used to demonstrate that ion transport in the nutrient broth and bacterial cellular dynamics is perturbed in the presence of weak magnetic field which affects the mobility and absorption of nutrients in cells and hence their doubling rate. The change is obvious after a few hours of exposure and keeps on increasing with time for all the observed species. The growth rate depends on the field strength and the nature of the magnetic field. The field effect varies with the shape and the structure of the bacterial cell wall as well as the concentration of nutrient broth. We closely study the growth of three species Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis with the same initial concentrations at the same temperature in the same laboratory environment. Our results indicate that the weak static field of a few gauss after a few hours gives a measurable change in the growth rates of all bacterial species. This shows that the same magnetic field has different effects on different species in the same environment.

Parallel propagating modes and anomalous spatial damping in the ultra-relativistic electron plasma with arbitrary degeneracy

The dispersion relations of parallel propagating modes (Langmuir mode, right and left handed circular polarized waves) in the weak magnetic field limit |ω − κ · ν| ≫ Ω are considered for ultra-relativistic arbitrary degenerate electron plasma. The results are presented in terms of moments of Fermi–Dirac distribution. The increase in the electron equilibrium number density from negative large (weakly degenerate) to positive large (highly degenerate) values of μ/Te is observed (where μ is the electron chemical potential and Te is the electron thermal energy). As a result, shifting of the cutoff points in all the real dispersion branches towards the higher values and increasing in the band gap between unmagnetized longitudinal and transverse modes in k-space are examined. Also, the suppression of the weak magnetic field effects in weakly magnetized right handed and left handed circular polarized waves and a decrease in the longitudinal and transverse screening effects are observed in the graphical patterns due to an increase in the equilibrium number density.

Effect of magnetic field pulses on the structure and properties of magnetite

The effect of weak pulsed magnetic fields on the structure and properties of magnetite is analyzed. It is found that different degrees of ordering of cations and vacancies and, consequently, iron ions facilitate the formation of its polymorphic modifications.

The role of hydroxyl radicals and calcium ions in the priming of a respiratory burst in neutrophils and the increase in luminol-dependent blood chemiluminescence on exposure to combined magnetic fields with a very weak low-frequency alternating component

The intracellular calcium chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA AM) used at low concentrations (1.0 and 2.5 μM) was shown to block the priming effect of weak combined static (42 μT) and low-frequency collinear alternating (1.0, 4.4, and 16.5 Hz; 0.86 μT) magnetic fields. This blockage was inferred from a greater increase in chemiluminescence observed for a mouse neutrophil suspension exposed to combined magnetic fields in response to the bacterial peptide N-formyl–Met–Leu–Phe added in the presence of luminol. Similar results were obtained for the effect of BAPTA AM on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of whole blood. The priming effect of weak combined magnetic fields on the respiratory burst in neutrophils did not depend on the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and was not affected by the hydroxyl radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide used at 0.025–1.0 mM.

Combined Effect of Weak Magnetic Fields and Anions on Arsenite Sequestration by Zerovalent Iron: Kinetics and Mechanisms.

In this study, the effects of major anions (e.g., ClO4-, NO3-, Cl-, and SO42-) in water on the reactivity of zerovalent iron (ZVI) toward As(III) sequestration were evaluated with and without a weak magnetic field (WMF). Without WMF, ClO4- and NO3- had negligible influence on As(III) removal by ZVI, but Cl- and SO42- could improve As(III) sequestration by ZVI. Moreover, the WMF-enhancing effect on As(III) removal by ZVI was minor in ultrapure water. A synergetic effect of WMF and individual anion on improving As(III) removal by ZVI was observed for each of the investigated anion, which became more pronounced as the concentration of anion increased. Based on the extent of enhancing effects, these anions were ranked in the order of SO42- > Cl- > NO3- ≈ ClO4- (from most- to least-enhanced). Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of HSiO3-, HCO3-, and H2PO4- on ZVI corrosion could be alleviated taking advantage of the combined effect of WMF and SO42-. The coupled influence of anions and WMF was associated with the simultaneous movement of anions with paramagnetic Fe2+ to keep local electroneutrality in solution. Our findings suggest that the presence of anions is quite essential to maintaining or stimulating the WMF effect.

Factors affecting p-nitrophenol removal by microscale zero-valent iron coupling with weak magnetic field (WMF)

The effect of WMF on the kinetics of p-nitrophenol (PNP) removal by six commercial zero-valent iron (ZVI) samples from different origins were studied at pH 4.0.

The effect of weak magnetic fields on the production of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils

The effect of weak magnetic fields on the production of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils

Sub-millitesla magnetic field effects on the recombination reaction of flavin and ascorbic acid radicals.

Even though the interaction of a <1 mT magnetic field with an electron spin is less than a millionth of the thermal energy at room temperature (kBT), it still can have a profound effect on the quantum yields of radical pair reactions. We present a study of the effects of sub-millitesla magnetic fields on the photoreaction of flavin mononucleotide with ascorbic acid. Direct control of the reaction pathway is achieved by varying the rate of electron transfer from ascorbic acid to the photo-excited flavin. At pH 7.0, we verify the theoretical prediction that, apart from a sign change, the form of the magnetic field effect is independent of the initial spin configuration of the radical pair. The data agree well with model calculations based on a Green's function approach that allows multinuclear spin systems to be treated including the diffusive motion of the radicals, their spin-selective recombination reactions, and the effects of the inter-radical exchange interaction. The protonation states of the radicals are uniquely determined from the form of the magnetic field-dependence. At pH 3.0, the effects of two chemically distinct radical pair complexes combine to produce a pronounced response to ∼500 μT magnetic fields. These findings are relevant to the magnetic responses of cryptochromes (flavin-containing proteins proposed as magnetoreceptors in birds) and may aid the evaluation of effects of weak magnetic fields on other biologically relevant electron transfer processes.

Effects of oxygen and weak magnetic field on Fe(0)/bisulfite system: performance and mechanisms.

The performance and mechanisms of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) degradation by the Fe(0)/bisulfite system were systematically investigated for the first time. The evidences presented in this study verified that O2 was a crucial factor that affected the mechanism of Fe(0)/bisulfite-driven 4-NP degradation. In the Fe(0)/bisulfite/O2 system, Fe(0) acted as a supplier of Fe(2+) to catalyze bisulfite oxidation that induced a chain reaction to produce reactive radicals for 4-NP degradation. While under N2 purging condition, bisulfite worked as a specified reductant that facilitated the transformation of Fe(3+) to nascent Fe(2+) ions, which principally accounted for the reductive removal of 4-NP. The application of a weak magnetic field (WMF) efficiently improved the removal rate of 4-NP and did not alter the mechanisms in both Fe(0)/bisulfite/O2 and Fe(0)/bisulfite/N2 processes. The secondary radicals, HO(·), SO4 (·-), and SO5 (·-), were considered as the most possible active oxidants contributing to the oxidative removal of 4-NP and even partial mineralization under an oxic condition. Compared with anoxic conditions, the performance removal of 4-NP by the WMF-Fe(0)/bisulfite/O2 system showed less pHini dependence. To facilitate the application of WMF-Fe(0)/bisulfite/O2 technology in real practice, premagnetization of Fe(0) was employed to combine with bisulfite/O2 and proved to be an effective and applicable method for 4-NP removal.

Some Effects of Weak Magnetic Fields on Biological Systems: RF fields can change radical concentrations and cancer cell growth rates

Concerns have been raised about the possible biological effects of nonionizing radiation since at least the late 1950s with respect to radar, other radio, and microwave sources. More recent concerns have arisen about the potential effects of low-intensity fields, including lowfrequency fields from the electric power generating, transmission, and distribution system and the devices it energizes, as well as intermediate, radio-frequency (RF), and higher-frequency radiation from devices such as cell phones, broadcast antennas, Wi-Fi, security monitors, and so forth. These are concerns about the direct effects of radiation on humans or other organisms. They are distinct from the electromagnetic compatibility issues that concern interference by the fields from one device with the function of another, though human health can be indirectly affected by electromagnetic interference with the function of medical devices, including hospital equipment or pacemakers.

Giant magnetoresistance of strong magnet–polymer heterostructures with a wide band gap

We present the results of studying the effect of a weak external magnetic field on the conductivity of heterostructures containing a wide-gap polymer layer. A set of experiments is singled out for switching the metal–dielectric conductivity, controlled by a weak magnetic field. Evidence of the reliability and repeatability of key experiments are reviewed, and the effect of possible artifacts on switching of the conductivity in the heterostructures under study is discussed.

Effect of weak permanent magnetic field on lipid composition and content in perilla leaves.

Composition and content of lipids were studied in leaves of red perilla plants (Perilla nankinensis [Lour.] Decne.) grown in weak permanent horizontal magnetic field (PMF) of 500 µT flux density under controlled illumination, temperature, and humidity in the phytothron chamber. Control plants were grown under similar conditions, but without PMF exposure. Exposure of perilla plants for a month to PMF retarded plant flowering as compared to control. PMF treatment increased total lipid content, including polar lipids, among them glycolipids and phospholipids. PMF did not affect content of neutral lipids. It is concluded that PMF stimulated synthesis of membrane lipids of chloroplasts, mitochondria, and cytoplasm in perilla leaves. A possible role of PMF as a factor imitating the additional light source retarding flowering of a short-day perilla plants is discussed.

Sequestration of Antimonite by Zerovalent Iron: Using Weak Magnetic Field Effects to Enhance Performance and Characterize Reaction Mechanisms.

Many oxyanion-forming metals (As, Sb, Se, Tc, etc.) can be removed from water by adsorption and/or redox reactions involving iron oxides, including the oxides associated with zerovalent iron (ZVI). The rate of antimonite (Sb(III) hydrolysis species) removal by ZVI was determined in open, well-mixed batch reactors as a function of experimental factors, including aging of the ZVI, addition of Fe(II), Sb dose, mixing rate, pH, initial concentrations of Sb(III), etc. However, the largest effect observed was the roughly 6-8 fold increase in Sb(III) removal rate due to the application of a weak magnetic field (WMF) during the experiments. The WMF effect on Sb removal arises from stimulated corrosion and delayed passivation of the ZVI, as evidenced by time series correlation analysis of "geochemical" properties (DO, Fetot, Eh, and pH) measured synchronously in each experiment. The removal of Sb under the conditions of this study was mainly due to oxidation of Sb(III) to Sb(V) and adsorption and coprecipitation onto the iron oxides formed from accelerated corrosion of ZVI, as evidenced by Sb K-edge XANES, EXAFS, and XPS. The degree of the WMF enhancement for Sb(III) was found to be similar to the WMF effect reported previously for Sb(V), As(III), As(V), and Se(VI).

Primary physical mechanism of the biological effects of weak magnetic fields

The primary physical mechanism of the magnetoreception of weak magnetic fields is considered. It imposes limits on the magnetic biological effect at the stage prior to the involvement of specific biophysical and biochemical mechanisms, i.e., regardless of the nature of the target of the magnetic field. It has been shown that the biological effects of weak magnetic fields have, in general, non-linear and spectral properties. Observation of these characteristics gives information not only on the gyromagnetic ratio, but also on the parameters of the interaction between the target and its immediate surroundings. This makes it possible for one to develop schemes for the identification of the biophysical mechanisms of magnetoreception.

The effect of weak magnetic fields on the chemiluminescence of human blood

Exposure of heparinized human venous blood that was diluted with a phosphate buffer to a combination of a static magnetic field (42 µT) and a weak (amplitude range 108–3440 nT) variable low-frequency (1, 4.4, and 16.5 Hz, ratio of amplitudes 6: 1: 1.6, respectively) magnetic field collinear to the static magnetic field enhanced blood chemiluminescence that was induced by the addition of luminol or lucigenin at physiological temperature. The free-radical scavenger edaravone (MCI-186) and apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, reduced the intensity of blood chemiluminescence and alleviated the effects of the magnetic fields.