Effects Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Eco-Friendly Concrete Solutions: The Role of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Enhancing Durability and Reducing Environmental Pollutants - A Review

Concrete is one of the key components of construction, which ensures durability and aesthetics of the building. In recent days, nanoparticles are playing an essential role in civil engineering research. The binding of nanoparticles into concrete significantly improves the mechanical and durable properties due to the nanostructure of the cementitious materials. This review paper represents the existing research data on titanium dioxide nanoparticles, when applied in the different types of concrete. The data influenced by the different research papers are presented in terms of strength and durable parameters. The most important property of titanium dioxide nanoparticle is its self-cleaning effect because of the photocatalytic reaction is also discussed. The inference from the papers shows the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on correct proportion enhances the production of new material with good strength and durable properties in the construction industry. The photocatalytic action of nano titanium dioxide leads to the manufacture of self-cleaning concrete which shields the surface from environmental pollutants.

TiO2 NPs as a Promising Strategy for Crop Conservation Resulting from Deficit Irrigation in Fragaria × ananassa Cv. Camarosa

ABSTRACT Nanoparticle-based methods can compensate for yield and quality loss of crops affected by drought. The current study, performed in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design, addressed to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) at 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg L−1 under three irrigation regimes (full irrigation, partial root drying (PRD), and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI)) on Fragaria × ananassa cv. Camarosa. Results revealed that the PRD stress had more adverse effects on F. ananassa cv. Camarosa than SDI stress. Assessment of the behavior of TiO2 NPs in this study elucidated that mean productivity, yield stability index, and fruit number in plants grown under full irrigation increased when treated with 10 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs. Under the deficit irrigation, including PRD and SDI, all levels of TiO2 NPs mitigated mean productivity and yield stability index by ameliorating the fruit number and water use efficiency (WUE) and decreasing transpiration. Flowering and fruit set times were reduced by TiO2 NPs and deficit irrigation while their periods were enhanced by ones. It seems that when the strawberry was exposed to TiO2 NPs exhibited approximately drought tolerance. These nanoparticles ameliorated photosynthesis and mineral uptake and allocated dry matter to the root. These alterations can contribute to crop production in deficit irrigation strategies.

Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nano Particules and Boric Acid for Bleaching Process on Cotton Fabric

In this study, a photocatalytic process was applied as an alternative to conventional hydrogen peroxide bleaching on 100% cotton fabric. The effects of ZnO nanoparticles and boric acid as catalysts were investigated. Additionally, the synergistic impact of boric acid on the well-known bleaching effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles was explored. Unlike existing literature, the study uniquely addressed whether the photocatalytic process, without the use of any catalyst, has a specific effect, particularly in whitening, on the color spectrum. All conducted photocatalytic processes on cotton fabrics were compared with conventional hydrogen peroxide bleaching in terms of color spectra (CIE L*, a*, b*, whiteness indexes) besides the SEM, SEM-EDX, and FTIR-ATR characterization tests. Moreover, XRD, SEM, and FTIR-ATR analysis results of ZnO nanoparticles were also shared in this study. This research is believed to shed light on future studies by evaluating more environmentally friendly pre-treatment processes in textile industry.

The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the bond strength between maxillofacial silicone and acrylic core

The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the bond strength between maxillofacial silicone and acrylic core

Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2-NP) exposure in a novel Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii hepatocyte cell line.

In vitro cell culture is crucial for predicting the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2-NP). However, assessing the toxicity of TiO2-NPs in sturgeon remains difficult given the lack of sufficient cell lines. We established and characterized the first hepatocyte cell line from Acipenser schrenckii liver tissue (ASL). This ASL cell line proliferated well in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium at 25°C and 10% fetal bovine serum. ASL cells with a chromosome number of 244 were successfully transfected with the pEGFP-N3 plasmid. The ASL cell line's origin was verified as A. schrenckii through mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I and mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Using the ASL cell line as an in vitro model, we found that TiO2-NP exposure decreased the viability and promoted the damage of ASL cells (96-h LC50 = 331.8 μg mL-1). Increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels in ASL cells suggested oxidative stress under TiO2-NP exposure. We also observed dysregulation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels. By detecting calcium ions and mitochondrial membrane potential indicators, we found that the apoptotic pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress played a major role at low concentrations of TiO2-NP-induced stress. Both mitochondria-mediated and endoplasmic reticulum stress promoted apoptosis under increasing TiO2-NP concentrations. In conclusion, the ASL cell line established in this study is a useful in vitro model for toxicological studies of TiO2-NP exposure in fish.

Co-exposure effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Metals on antioxidant systems and DNA in the fish Hoplias intermedius

Metallic nanoparticles are one of the most produced and used engineered nanomaterial and their wide applications lead to environmental contamination. The aquatic environment is the major recipient of wastes containing nanoparticles and other co-occuring contaminants. We aimed to evaluate genotoxic and biochemical effects of acute exposure to nano-TiO2 in the fish Hoplias intermedius and the interaction to metals. Besides assessing the nanoparticles’ physical-chemical properties we performed an acute exposure with 0.1; 1; 10 μg g-1 nano-TiO2, alone and with lead (21 μgg-1) and aluminium (50 μgg-1). A set of biomarkers were evaluated in the liver such as genotoxicity by comet assay and biochemical biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, EROD, GST). Most of the biomarkers were altered by the metals, and the nanoparticles caused decrease in SOD (0.1 and 1μg g-1), GSH (1μg g-1), and GST (0.1 μg g-1). In co-exposure, some metal effects were attenuated. There was an increase in EROD activity for most co-exposure groups. Nano-TiO2 was not genotoxic in the experimental conditions. We did not observe any increase in DNA breaks in co-exposure, although, nanoparticles changed the response of some biochemical biomarkers.

Enhancing the Production of Eco-Friendly Silk Fabrics through the Application of Nonthermal Plasma Wettability Techniques.

The combination of the effects of nonthermal plasma using atmospheric pressure of plasma jet and the photocatalytic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles was used to study the plasma flow modes, electrical characteristics, nonthermal characteristics, antimicrobial measurements, and surface modifications. Using different wettabilities of argon discharges in a laminar flow: (i) wet I, wettability with 2.4 slm argon mixture with oxygen ratio O2, equivalent to 15 mslm (Ar/O2), and (ii) wet II, wettability (Ar/O2) mixture combined with titanium dioxide, to accelerate the inactivation process on the nonwoven fabric surface. For wet 0, wet I, and wet II discharges, the average rate of heat transfer to the nonwoven silk fabric increased significantly. Specifically, it goes from 104.6 to 118.6 and then to 241.7 mW, respectively. The kinetic deactivation rate of Escherichia coli increases starting at 0.20, then going up to 0.32, and finally reaching 0.57 min-1. The increased wettability of the TiO2 photocatalyst results in an enhanced bactericidal rate, which is caused by both the heat impact from the nonthermal jet and potentially photocatalytic disinfection, leading to the generation of active species. The mechanical parameters owing to different wettabilities and plasma interactions with the fabric membrane were tested for the treated samples, such as stiffness, ultimate yield strength, tensile strength, strain, hardening, elongation, resilience, and toughness.

Dose-Related Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Cerebellar Cortex of Adult Male Albino Rats and the Possible Neuroprotection of β-carotene: A Biochemical and Histological Study

Dose-Related Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Cerebellar Cortex of Adult Male Albino Rats and the Possible Neuroprotection of β-carotene: A Biochemical and Histological Study

Physiological and agronomical traits effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum L

BackgroundTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been reported to have contrasting effects on plant physiology, while their effects on sugar, protein, and amino acid metabolism are poorly understood. In this work, we evaluated the effects of TiO2 NPs on physiological and agronomical traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings. Tomato seeds were treated with TiO2 NPs (1000 and 2000 mg L− 1), TiO2 microparticles (µPs, 2000 mg L− 1) as the size control, and ultrapure water as negative control.ResultsThe dry matter of stems (DMs), leaves (DMl) and total dry matter (DMt) decreased as particle concentration increased. This trend was also observed in the maximum quantum yield of light-adapted photosystem II (PSII) (Fv´/Fm´), the effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), and net photosynthesis (Pn). The concentrations of sugars, total soluble proteins, and total free amino acids were unaffected, but there were differences in the daily dynamics of these compounds among the treatments.ConclusionOur results suggest that treating tomato seeds with TiO2 might affect PSII performance, net photosynthesis and decrease biomass production, associated with a concentration- and size-related effect of TiO2 particles.

Fast multispectral imaging analysis as phenotyping platform: Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on microalgae physiology

Several types of nanoparticles have been developed and explored in agricultural applications and their environmental impact evaluated. However, no such study was carried out using fully dispersible ultrasmall titanium dioxide nanoparticles (us-TiO2). Therefore, we investigate the effects of fully dispersible 2.5 nm large us-TiO2 nanoparticles on the cellular metabolism of the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using multispectral imaging analysis as a platform for the evaluation of their physiological responses. Our results indicate that us-TiO2 modulates the microalgae cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that the us-TiO2 strongly interacts with the cells in relatively low and constant amounts in the range of 0.05 g·L−1 to 1.5 g·L−1. Most nanoparticles were found on the cell surface, surrounding the microalgae cells dispersed in TAP medium, indicating a low trend of internalization. We further applied multispectral imaging analyses toward fast phenotyping of the alterations in the cell's physiology. Furthermore, higher concentrations of us-TiO2 (~1 g·L−1) positively affect the microalgae photosynthetic activity and growth. Thus, our results indicated the capacity to detect variations in cell physiology and indicated a possible role of us-TiO2 in modulating positively microalgae photosynthesis and growth in a concentration-dependent way. The mechanisms controlling such responses must be further investigated.

Combined effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and bisphenol-A on freshwater algae Scenedesmus obliquus, and the importance of humic acid in reducing toxicity

Combined effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and bisphenol-A on freshwater algae Scenedesmus obliquus, and the importance of humic acid in reducing toxicity

Evaluation of the antibacterial effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles combined with acrylic laminates for functional orthodontic appliances: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles incorporated into the acrylic baseplates of the maxillary part of twin block appliances in orthodontic patients during the treatment period.Materials and methodsTwenty-six patients were selected randomly and divided into two groups(n = 13). Test group patients used orthodontic functional appliances containing 1% titanium dioxide nanoparticles in acrylic baseplates. Control group patients used orthodontic functional appliances without titanium dioxide nanoparticles in acrylic baseplates. Swap samples were taken from the palatal gingiva facing the fitting surface of the acrylic component of the maxillary part of a twin block appliance for each patient at five-time intervals (baseline sample, after one, two, four, and six months) and then cultured in blood agar plates to calculate bacterial colony count. The Mann‒Whitney U test and the Friedman test were used to compare data. Bonferroni correction (p value ≤ 0.05) was applied to detect significant differences.The resultsshowed a decrease in the bacterial colony count in the test group compared to the control group. Pairwise comparisons revealed a statistically significant difference in samples after four- and six-month groups (p values = 0.002 and 0.011, respectively) vs. the one-month test group. A higher statistically significant difference was observed in the six-month group (p-value = 0.037) vs. the baseline group in the control group.ConclusionThe addition of 1% titanium dioxide nanoparticles to acrylic baseplates of orthodontic functional appliances significantly reduced the bacterial colony count under the base plate after at least four months of application.

Toxicity spectrum and detrimental effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles as an emerging pollutant: A review

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have wide industrial –applications, due to their enhanced mechanical, physical, optical and electrical properties. TiO2-based nanomaterials are extensively used in different industries for example paper, semiconductors, paint, food, cosmetics, water purification and textile. Besides its multiple applications in different domains of life, TiO2 has been reported for its hazardous effect on ecosystems, specifically on humans and mammals. The human body may be exposed to TiO2 NPs by three pathways i.e., oral, dermal and intra-gastric pathways and get accumulated in different parts of the body like the spleen, alimentary tract, central nervous system, liver, kidney, reproductive system, cardiac muscles and may form agglomerates with other mammalian cells. Additionally, these NPs may cross blood brain barrier and induce apoptosis in human hippocampal neurons. These NPs also show genotoxic effects that might leads towards the apoptosis and chromosomal instability. It has been observed experimentally that the cytotoxic effects of TiO2 depend on their size, shape, type and rate of consumption. This paper provides comprehensive information regarding hazardous effects reported for TiO2 NPs on living organisms (animals and humans). This information will be supportive for understanding the spectrum of toxicity associated with the NPs that will be helpful in deciding the fate of TiO2 NPs.

Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles against Salt and Heat Stress in Safflower Cultivars

Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles against Salt and Heat Stress in Safflower Cultivars

Investigating the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on the barrier inhomogeneity of brilliant-blue fruit dye-base solar cell

This study aims to investigate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the barrier inhomogeneity of a brilliant-blue dye-based solar cell. The cell has been prepared by spin-coating technique. The barrier inhomogeneity was characterized by measuring the cell's current-voltage-temperature (I-V-T) characteristics. The results show that the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles leads to a significant reduction in the barrier inhomogeneity of the cell, which results from the improvement of charge injection at the junction. This improvement can be attributed to the role of TiO2 nanoparticles in reducing surface defects and improving the charge injection at the interface. Also, we have investigated the change in the Richardson constant. The homogeneous Richardson constant was found to be 81.63 × 10−7 Am−2K−2 for the dye and the value was modified to 22.85 × 10−7 Am−2K−2 by incorporation of nanoparticles. This illustrates that by the doping of nanoparticles modifies barrier inhomogeneity, resulting in enhanced conductivity.

The effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on cadmium bioaccumulation in ramie and its application in remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal contaminant in agricultural soils. Phytoremediation using hyperaccumulator plants is a promising remediation strategy. This study investigated the effects of TiO2 NPs on Cd uptake and accumulation in the hyperaccumulator ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) grown in Cd-spiked soil. The aim was to evaluate the potential application of TiO2 NPs to enhance the phytoextraction efficiency of ramie for removing Cd from contaminated soils. Ramie was cultivated in soil spiked with 5 mg/kg Cd, with or without 500 mg/kg TiO2 NPs. The results showed TiO2 NPs significantly increased Cd concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves of ramie by 35%, 75%, and 278% respectively, compared to control plants. Cd levels reached 146 mg/kg in roots and 102 mg/kg in leaves with TiO2 NPs. The bioconcentration factor rose from 21.6 to 29.2 and translocation factor from 0.3 to 0.7 with nanoparticles. This indicates TiO2 NPs increased Cd bioavailability in soil and translocation to shoots. The higher Cd accumulation, especially in leaves, demonstrates the potential of TiO2 NPs to improve ramie's phytoextraction capacity. With TiO2 NP treatment, soil Cd levels decreased by an estimated 20–30% after 8 weeks of ramie cultivation, indicating enhanced phytoextraction. This study provides evidence that the application of TiO2 NPs can enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation using hyperaccumulator plants like ramie for remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.

Evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human embryonic lung cells.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used in a variety of products, including sunscreens, paints, and ceramics. However, their increasing use has raised concerns about their potential health risks. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been shown to have the ability to enter the bloodstream and accumulate in various tissues, reaching the fetus via the placenta. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on a human embryonic lung cell line (HEL 299/An1) and the formation of oxidative DNA damage. The cytotoxic effects of brookite-based titanium dioxide nanoparticles (<100 nm) were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for 24 and 48 h. Cell titanium levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed by measuring the levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles caused dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HEL 299/An1 cells. The IC50 values were 25.93 μM and 0.054 μM after 24 h and 48 h of exposure, respectively. Cell titanium levels were found to be 25,967 ppb after 24 h and 210,353 ppb after 48 h (p < 0.01). 8-OHdG was detected at 32.96 ng/mL after 24 h of exposure and 17.89 ng/mL after 48 h of exposure. In our study, it was shown that titanium nanoparticles caused dose-dependent cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage in human embryonic lung cells. The nanoparticles also accumulated in cells and were taken up in higher amounts after 48 h of exposure. These findings suggest that titanium dioxide nanoparticles may pose a health risk, especially for pregnant women who may not be aware of their pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to take preventive measures to reduce exposure to these nanoparticles.

Enhanced electrical conductivity and charge conduction mechanisms in Nano-cubical Sunset Yellow dye incorporated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

This manuscript focuses on the investigation of the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles doping on the electrical conductivity of Nano-cubical Sunset Yellow Dye. The successful preparation of the composite was confirmed through XRD analysis, and EDX analysis verified the composite's composition. DC conductivity measurements revealed two conduction mechanisms with activation energies of 0.683 eV and 0.466 eV for the dye without NPs at low and high-temperature regions, respectively, and 0.532 eV and 0.351 eV for the same regions in the presence of NPs. AC conductivity analysis showed single polaron hopping as the dominant charge conduction mechanism for both devices. The device with the dye-NP composite exhibited lower activation energy and improved conductivity compared to the dye-only device. The composite also displayed a higher density of localized states, and by incorporation of NPs reduced the hopping length, contributing to the enhanced conductivity of the composite device.

Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Surfactants and Their Impact on the Interfacial Properties of the Oil-Water-Rock System.

The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in the oil and gas industry has received wide attention in recent years because it is increasingly being considered a promising approach to recovering trapped oil in conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that combining nanoparticles with a surfactant can enhance surfactant performance by changing the interfacial properties of the solution when it comes in contact with crude oil and rock surfaces. However, more information and additional experimental data are required concerning the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in alkyl ethoxy carboxylic surfactants. In this study, we measure the changes in interfacial tension and wettability due to the addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 100, 250, and 500 ppm) in alkyl ethoxy carboxylic surfactant using a spinning drop tensiometer and contact angle measurements. The interfacial tension of the crude oil-water (surfactant) system decreases by approximately two orders of magnitude with an increasing titanium dioxide concentration, exhibiting a minimum value of 5.85 × 10-5 mN/m. Similarly, the contact angle decreases on the surface of the Berea sandstone by combining the surfactant with titanium dioxide, reaching a minimum contact angle of 8.8°. These results demonstrate the potential of this new approach to maximize the recovery of trapped oil and significantly improve oil production.

Histological study on the toxic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the prostate gland of adult albino rats and the protective role of coenzyme Q10

Background Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have numerous clinical and commercial applications. Coenzyme Q10 has antioxidant and free radical-scavenging capabilities in addition to functions like vitamins. Aim To identify changes in the ventral prostatic lobe of adult albino rats exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles and to evaluate the possible protective role of coenzyme Q 10. Materials and methods Forty adult male albino rats were used in this study. Group I was the control, Group II received coenzyme Q10 at a dose of 20 mg/kg, Group III received titanium dioxide nanoparticles at a dose of 600 mg/kg, and Group IV received both coenzyme Q10 and nanoparticles. Prostate glands sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A morphometric study and statistical analysis were performed on the epithelial height. Results Sections of group III showed some histological abnormalities in the form of widely spaced prostatic acini, an increase in the amount of connective tissue stroma, with numerous dilated blood vessels and perivascular cellular infiltration. The mean height of the prostatic epithelium in group III was significantly higher than in the control group. Prostatic epithelial height was found to be significantly lower in group IV as compared to group III. Conclusion Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce changes in the prostatic ventral lobe which can be ameliorated by coenzyme Q10 supplementation.