Effects Of Technological Progress Research Articles

Global renewable energy power generation efficiency evaluation and influencing factors analysis

The progress of renewable energy development varies around the world, and it's necessary to quantitatively measure the power generation efficiency (PGE) of each country. This study considers five types of renewable energy installed capacity as input indicators and renewable energy power generation as an output indicator. Based on panel data of 36 countries from 2009 to 2018, renewable energy PGE is calculated based on the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis model and is decomposed annually using the Malmquist index. Finally, a random forest regression model was used to evaluate the influencing factors of renewable energy PGE in each country. The results show that the global renewable energy development space pattern has formed. The differences in PGEs between countries are evident, and the correlation between the ranking of renewable energy installed capacity and the average ranking of PGE is weak. The reverse effect of technological progress hinders the growth of renewable energy PGE. Only 41.67 % of all countries are improving PGE, and renewable energy power generation technology is in urgent need of improvement. Among the eleven influencing factors, carbon emissions level and industrial structure have the greatest impact on PGE, followed by electricity structure, technology level, and economic level.

Dynamic Relationship between Agricultural Technology Progress, Agricultural Insurance and Farmers’ Income

The implementation of the agricultural insurance policy and advancement of agricultural technology has great significance for the development of the agricultural economy of China, and it is an important source of national stability and modernization and development of the agriculture sector. Agricultural insurance policy uses the expansion of agricultural technology progress in the process of evaluation, investigation and claims settlement, and so on. Agricultural technology progress is effective in the reduction of some agricultural risks, it also affects farmers’ agricultural insurance behaviors, and optimizes the operating environment of agricultural insurance. The objective of this research is to explore the relationship between agricultural technology progress, agricultural insurance and farmers’ income. It also explains the mutual/cooperative relationship between agricultural technology progress and agricultural insurance. It provides the theoretical basis and data support to verify the promotion effect of agricultural insurance and agricultural technology progress on farmers’ income. This gives the improvement path for alleviating the spatial imbalance of China’s agricultural development. Keeping in view the aforementioned background and this research explores the effects of agricultural technological progress and agricultural insurance on the farmers’ income level. The panel data used for this research were from 2004 to 2019 and were grouped into two parts: high-density agricultural insurance areas and low-density agricultural insurance areas. The relationship between agricultural technology progress, agricultural insurance and farmers’ income was estimated using the Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) model. The results revealed that: (i) both agricultural technology progress and agricultural insurance have a positive effect on the farmers’ income level, but this effect varies across regions; (ii) impact of the agricultural insurance on farmers’ income is greater than the impact of agricultural technology progress on farmers’ income; and (iii) the role of agricultural insurance in promoting agricultural technology progress exists only in areas with high-density agricultural insurance. Therefore, when formulating policies, the policymakers should consider regional differences and characteristics, and adopt development models keeping in view regional variations in adaptability with different agricultural insurance densities, Moreover, they should improve agricultural security policies, optimize agricultural capital allocation, promote the transformation of the agricultural economy from extensional growth to connotative growth, and further improve the agricultural productive income of rural residents.

Pengaruh Pengetahuan Investasi, Risiko Investasi, Kemajuan Teknologi dan Motivasi Terhadap Minat Generasi Z Berinvestasi di Pasar Modal Syariah

This study aims to evaluate the effect of investment knowledge, investment risk, technological progress and investment motivation on the interest of Generation Z before and after receiving capital market training to invest in the Islamic capital market. The research was conducted with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all people in Trenggalek district who were included in the generation Z category. The sampling technique used the purposive sampling method and data was collected using a questionnaire. The number of samples used was 100 people. The primary data obtained were tested with descriptive statistics, validity, reliability and non-parametric tests such as the Whitney test and Wilcoxon test. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between investment knowledge, investment risk, technological progress and investment motivation on the interest of gen z who have never received capital market training and those who have received training about capital markets. There are also significant difference between investment knowledge, investment risk, technological progress and investment motivation on the interest of gen z before and after received capital market training.

Technological progress on embodied carbon emissions in G7 countries’ exports: A structural decomposition analysis

As countries pay more attention to the issue of global warming, the solution of carbon emission reduction has important practical value. Most of the existing literature studied the driving factors of embodied carbon emissions. This paper creatively focuses on the impact of technological progress on embodied carbon emissions and on the embodied carbon emissions of different technology-intensive manufacturing industries, and aims to find out the important role of technological progress on embodied carbon emissions. This paper constructs a multi-regional input-output model based on the world input-output table, and analyzes and compares the changes in carbon emission intensity and export-implied carbon emissions of G7 countries from 2000 to 2014. This paper introduces the SDA model to investigate the impact of technology effects on the embodied carbon emissions of G7 countries' exports, and decomposes the technology effects into carbon emission technology effects and intermediate production technology effects. This study divides the manufacturing industries into low-tech, medium-low-tech, medium-high-tech and high-tech industries, and aims to examine the impact of technological progress effect on manufacturing with different levels of technology intensity. The empirical results reveal that, first, the carbon emission technical effect and the technical effect of intermediate production together constitute the technical effect. The carbon emission technology effect has a significant effect on suppressing the embodied carbon emissions of exports, while the impact of the intermediate production technology effect is relatively small, and the direction of action is uncertain. Second, the overall technological effect reduces the embodied carbon emissions of G7 countries’ exports, and offsets the embodied carbon emissions brought about by the scale effect to a certain extent. That is, technological progress can effectively reduce the embodied carbon emissions of exports. Third, technological effect has the most significant effect on the low- and medium-tech industries, and the low- and medium-tech industries are also the manufacturing industries with the most embodied carbon exports in G7 countries. Relevant policy recommendations for global carbon emission reduction are put forward at the end of this paper.

AB-15 Ülkelerinde Teknolojik İlerleme ile Vasıflı ve Vasıfsız Kadın Emeği İlişkisi: Panel Eşanlı Denklem Sistemi Çözümlemesi

Üretim araçlarındaki gelişmeler ve teknolojik ilerlemelerin tarihin akışına önemli ölçüde yön verdiğini söylemek mümkündür. Fakat teknolojik atılımlar sağlamış olduğu pek çok avantajın yanında, iklim değişikliği başta olmak üzere önemli sayıda sorunun da kaynağı olarak görülmektedir. Teknoloji-istihdam ilişkisi de sanayi devrimden bugüne güncelliğini her dönem koruyan bir araştırma ve tartışma konusudur. Bu çalışmada teknoloji ile kadın emeği ilişkisi incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı teknolojik gelişmelerin vasıflı ve vasıfsız kadın istihdamını hangi düzeyde etkilediğini saptamaktır. Bu doğrultuda teknolojik ilerlemenin vasıflı ve vasıfsız kadın emeğine etkisi 2000-2020 yılları arası için AB-15 (Avusturya, Belçika, Danimarka, Finlandiya, Fransa, Almanya, Yunanistan, İrlanda, İtalya, Lüksemburg, Hollanda, Portekiz, İspanya, İsveç ve İngiltere) ülkeleri ekseninde panel eşanlı denklem sistemi yardımıyla araştırılmaktadır. Analiz bulguları, patent sayısındaki artışın vasıflı kadın işsizlik oranını azaltırken, toplam faktör verimliliğindeki artış vasıfsız kadın işsizlik oranını arttırmaktadır. Öte yandan beşeri sermayedeki artışın vasıfsız kadın işsizlik oranını düşürmekte olduğu tespit edilmektedir.

Study on the Carbon Emission Spillover Effects of Transportation under Technological Advancements

Regional transportation emissions reduction is the key to realizing deep emission reduction and the neutralization of transportation. Transportation development is accompanied by technological progress, and inter-regional transportation technological progress and carbon emission spillover effects are issues worthy of study. Based on the 2011–2020 provincial data of 30 provinces and cities in China, a spatial Durbin model was constructed to explore the impact of technological progress on regional spillovers of carbon emissions and the driving effect of emissions reduction. The conclusions show that the “community effect” causes direct interactions between transportation carbon emissions reduction practices in various provinces; the “acquired effect” and “leakage effect” drive technological progress between regions and cause indirect interactions between transportation carbon emissions reduction practices; transportation technology progress is more likely to occur between regions with similar transportation development. Finally, some suggestions are put forward in terms of establishing a mechanism for the coordinated reduction of regional carbon emissions, strengthening the interactions and economic connections between inter-regional transportation technologies, optimizing the spatial layout of transportation infrastructure, and building a low-carbon transportation system, so as to lay a solid foundation for the coordinated reduction of regional transportation carbon emissions.

The Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Industrial Output: The Regulatory Role of Technological Progress

Since the 2008 financial crisis, EPU has become an important issue for the stable and healthy development of the economy and society. The existing research has not analyzed the nonlinear impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on output at the industrial level, and it has also ignored the regulatory role of technological progress in the impact of EPU on economic growth. Based on panel data of China’s industry from 2005 to 2017, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the nonlinear impact of EPU on industry output. The results show that: (1) Different from the existing research, this paper finds that EPU has a significant inverted “U”-type nonlinear effect on industrial output, and when the EPU index is close to 221, this is best for output growth. This paper firstly finds that technological progress has a positive regulatory effect in the impact of EPU on industrial output. Technological progress can promote industrial output when EPU is low, and it can reduce the adverse impact of economic policy fluctuations when the EPU index is high. (2) The regulatory effect of technological progress only exists in the industries dominated by state-owned enterprises, and the impact of EPU on the output of non-state-owned enterprises’ leading industries is greater than that of state-owned enterprises. (3) The impact of EPU on the output of cyclical industries shows a significant inverted “U” shape, but there is no regulatory effect of technological progress. Its impact on the output of noncyclical industries is not significant, but it will work together with technological progress. (4) The influence of EPU on the output of the tertiary industry is characterized by an inverted “U” shape, in which technological progress can play a positive regulatory role. However, its impact on the output of primary and secondary industries is not significant.

The Impact of Technological Progress and Climate Change on Food Crop Production: Evidence from Sichuan-China.

Agriculture is an integral sector in China mandated to feed over 1.3 billion of its people and provide essential inputs for many industries. Sichuan, a central grain-producing province in Southwest China, is a significant supplier of cereals in the country. Yet, it is likely to be threatened by yield damages induced by climate change. Therefore, this study examines the effects of technological progress (via fertilizers usage and mechanization) and climatic changes (via temperature and precipitation) on the productivity of main food crops, such as rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and maize (Zea mays) in Sichuan province. We employ the generalized method of moments (GMM) model to analyze Sichuan provincial data from 1980 to 2018. Our findings show a positive nexus between fertilizers use and yields of main food crops. Only rice and maize yields are significantly improved by mechanization. Increased average temperature reduces rice and wheat yields significantly. Rainfall is unlikely to have a significant impact on agricultural production. The study suggests that the Chinese government should consider revising its strategies and policies to reduce the impact of climate change on food crop production and increase farmers’ adaptive ability.

Study on the synergistic effect of foreign trade, technological progress, and carbon emissions

A primary development plan for a country is to attain carbon neutrality and high-quality international commerce development. This study uses panel data from 30 provinces in mainland China to analyze the dynamic interplay between international trade, technological innovation, and carbon emissions. The findings show that foreign trade, technological progress, and carbon emissions all have their own “economic inertia” that can be self-motivated and self-reinforcing. Foreign commerce and carbon emissions are mutually inhibiting, but technical progress and carbon emissions are mutually reinforcing. This illustrates that achieving a positive cycle of international trade, technological improvement, and carbon emissions necessitates a significant baseline need. Overcoming carbon trade barriers is currently the most difficult challenge for Chinese enterprises involved in foreign commerce. Low-carbon technology advancements are a critical part in this process. Our research strengthens the positive connections between international trade and carbon emissions as a result of technological improvement and proposes a feasible plan for international trade to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.

Can Stimulating Demand Drive Costs Down? World War II as a Natural Experiment

U.S. military production during World War II increased at an impressive rate and led to large declines in unit costs. However, the literature has focused on elucidating detailed mechanisms behind this relationship, using small datasets on specific products. Here we take a step back and, looking at an unprecedently large collection of data, we show that both exogenous technological progress and endogenous effects from increasing production experience were important, in roughly similar proportions. The demand for military products was largely exogenous, and the correlation between production, cumulative production, and time was weak, limiting issues of reverse causality and multicollinearity.

Dual effects of technology change: How does water technological progress affect China’s water consumption?

SummaryWater technological progress contributes a lot to water conservation. Most studies have overestimated its contribution by ignoring its scale effect on economic growth, leading to the increase in water consumption. To quantify the trade-off of water technological progress, we combine the macroeconomic model with the environmental model to analyze both the scale effect and the intensity effect of water technological progress. Results show that the intensity effect has reduced China’s water consumption by 612.256 × 109 m3 from 2003 to 2020, while the scale effect increases China’s water consumption by 189.911 × 109 m3. The contribution of technological progress varies among regions in China. The industrial structure effect inhibits water consumption, second to the water-saving effect of water technological progress. The input effect increases water consumption owing to the particularly striking promotion of the effect of capital input. Some policy recommendations are given to mitigate the trade-off of water technological progress and regional disparity.

Study on the Impact of Environmental Regulation, Green Technological Progress and Consumption Upgrading: An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Panel Data

This paper sorts out the relationship between environmental regulation, green technological progress and consumption upgrading at the theoretical level, and conducts an empirical analysis using a sample of 30 Chinese provinces from 2005 to 2019 to investigate the mechanism of the impact of environmental regulation on consumption upgrading, and further tests the mediating effect of green technological progress. The findings show that environmental regulation has a facilitating effect on residents' consumption upgrading, and there is a mediating effect of green technological progress in the mechanism of environmental regulation on consumption upgrading, i.e. environmental regulation acts on consumption upgrading by influencing green technological progress. Therefore, the government should improve the environmental regulation system, appropriately increase the intensity of environmental regulation, and encourage green technological progress to achieve consumption upgrading in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.

Research on the Impact of Industrial Robots on China’s Regional In-dustrial Structure

<div><p class="4">The large-scale deployment of industrial robots and the technological innovation brought by artificial intelligence promote the development of local high industrialization and modernization. Industrial robots are going through the process of changing from automatic tools to intelligent tools, and even to innovative tools. Theoretical analysis shows that its universal characteristics and technological progress effect contribute to the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. The panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model is constructed based on the data of the international robotics Union. The results show that the following facts. (1). The impact of industrial robots on the upgrading of China’s regional industrial structure has a single threshold effect, which can be roughly divided into an impact area bounded by Hu Huanyong line and high in the east and low in the west. (2). With the increasing impact, the positive effect of material capital agglomeration on the upgrading of regional industrial structure is restrained, and the negative effect of industrial labor agglomeration on the upgrading of regional industrial structure should be enhanced. (3). Affected by the impact, the elasticity of material capital agglomeration and industrial labor agglomeration increases marginally in the west of Hu Huanyong line, decreases marginally in the east of Hu Huanyong line, and finally converges. (4). Industrial robots have no significant impact on the industrial structure in the process of attracting human capital agglomeration, technological factor agglomeration and guiding the change of consumption structure.</p></div>

Green finance, technological progress, and ecological performance-evidence from 30 Provinces in China.

The interaction between green finance and other factors, such as ecological environment, has been a research hotspot nowadays. Especially, the reasonable guiding of capital into energy conservation and environmental protection industries would greatly affect those factors, so as to the relation between them. This paper aimed to analyze the relationships between green finance, technological progress, and ecological performance quantitatively. The entropy method was used to respectively construct the system of index for green finance and technological progress, and index for ecological performance was measured by the super-SBM model. The panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model was selected to empirically analyze dynamic relationships based on datasets from 30 provinces in China during 2008-2019 period. The results told that (1) from 2008 to 2019, China's overall level of green finance, technological progress and ecological performance increased to varying degrees. Spatially, the areas with high-developed green finance greatly coincided with those such as large cities or the eastern coast that had good financial development. The distribution of technological progress index were similar, except some underdeveloped areas with relatively advanced scientific research institutes. The ecological performance, however, was high in the South and low in the north. (2) In the lag for 3 years, the influence of green finance on ecological performance in different regions was all positive for that all the coefficient symbols that passed the significance test were above 0, while that on technological progress was negative first and then positive. And the effects of technological progress on ecological performance were positive in ecological regions and negative in low ecological regions (0.0893 and -0.1211 in the case of three-stage lag respectively). (3) The contribution of green finance to ecological performance was high according to the results of variance decomposition, maintained at about 30%, and that of technological progress increased year by year (from 0.000 to 0.039). Therefore, we proposed to strengthen the development of green finance in underdeveloped regions. The emphasis should be laid on the researches and applications of green technology, the formulation of financing policies in innovation compensation and the establishment of a dynamic monitoring system for the ecological environment.

Effect of Digital Financial Inclusion on Dredging the Path of Green Growth—New Evidence From Front-End and Back-End Perspectives

To dredge China’s green growth path, this paper analyzes the front-end and back-end factors affecting green growth and also investigates the mediation role of digital financial inclusion from different dimensions. This study employs China’s provincial panel data in 2011–2018 and uses the dynamic threshold model to study the threshold effect of technological progress (TP) on green growth (GG) and the threshold effect of green growth (GG) on floating population (FP). The empirical results show that: first, with the digital financial inclusion as the threshold variable, there is a nonlinear relationship between technological progress (TP) and green growth (GG); second, with digital financial inclusion as the threshold variable, there is a nonlinear relationship between green growth (GG) and floating population (FP); third, output biased technological progress needs more support from digital financial inclusion than input biased technological progress than can significantly promote green growth. From the dimension of “digitization+financial scale+inclusion” digital financial inclusion not only improves the positive effect of technological progress on green growth but also alleviates the negative effect of green growth on the floating population. This study makes up for the research gap in the back-end impact of green growth based on new ideas of digital financial inclusion and floating population and has important theoretical reference significance for removing the obstacles in the green development path and realizing sustainable green growth.

Climate Warming and Crop Management: A Comprehensive Analysis of Changes on Distribution of Suitable Areas for Double Rice

Understanding the effect of climate warming and technological progress on crop production systems is crucial for developing climate adaptation strategies. This study presents a methodological framework with which to assess the suitability of the double rice cropping system in Southern China and the effects of crop management and climate warming on its distribution. The results indicate that the isolated effects of climate warming have led to the northward and westward expansions of double rice northern limits over the past six decades and an increase in suitable areas by 4.76 Mha. Under the isolated effect of crop management, the northern limits of the medium- and late-maturity double rice changed significantly due to the increased accumulated temperature required caused by varietal replacement and planting date change, which moved an average of 123 and 134 km southward, respectively. A combined scenario analysis indicated that crop management could offset the effects of climate warming and push the northern limits southward, reducing the overall suitable area by 1.31 Mha. Varietal replacement and other crop management methods should also be appropriately considered in addition to climate warming to develop locally adapted agricultural management strategies.

How does artificial intelligence affect green economic growth?—Evidence from China

As the driving force behind the new wave of technological advancement, artificial intelligence (AI) paves the way for a new era of green economic growth. This paper uses the case of China and constructs a relevant mathematical model to propose the two-way impact of AI on green total factor productivity (GTFP) and systematically analyze the impact of AI on green economic growth. The main findings of this study are that AI has a significant “U-shaped” effect on GTFP, which was estimated using a nonlinear dynamic panel regression model. The analysis of regional heterogeneity shows that improving AI in resource-rich areas can boost GTFP and break the “resource curse”. The “productivity paradox” arises, according to the industry heterogeneity analysis, because the current low level of intelligence in resource-intensive and labor-intensive industries fails to improve GTFP. This paper also breaks down GTFP into green technological progress and green efficiency improvement effects to figure out how AI affects green economic growth.

How does biased technological progress affect haze pollution? Evidence from APEC economies

Biased technological progress is the act of energy conservation and emission reduction by changing the marginal rate of substitution. In this study, we introduced renewable energy into a production function, and proposed a method of identifying biased characteristics of technological progress, based on marginal productivity theory. A panel dataset for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies from 2000 to 2017 was analyzed to explore the effect of biased technological progress in reducing particulate matter (PM2.5). We found that input biased technological progress tended to use more non-renewable energy. Input biased technological progress aggravated haze pollution; however, this effect decreased as the PM2.5 concentration increased. Output biased technological progress significantly reduced haze pollution in high-income economies, but increased it in low-income economies. The effect of neutral technological progress on haze pollution was the opposite of the effect from output biased technological progress. We also found that increasing renewable energy consumption and reducing energy intensity were separate effective paths for input and output biased technological progress, respectively, to mitigate haze pollution. For neutral technological progress, improving total factor productivity was an important way to mitigate haze pollution. Finally, several policy recommendations are proposed to mitigate haze pollution in APEC economies.

The Ontology of Technology Beyond Anthropocentrism and Determinism: The Role of Technologies in the Constitution of the (post)Anthropocene World

AbstractBecause climate change can be seen as the blind spot of contemporary philosophy of technology, while the destructive side effects of technological progress are no longer deniable, this article reflects on the role of technologies in the constitution of the (post)Anthropocene world. Our first hypothesis is that humanity is not the primary agent involved in world-production, but concrete technologies. Our second hypothesis is that technological inventions at an ontic level have an ontological impact and constitutes world. As we object to classical philosophers of technology like Ihde and Heidegger, we will sketch the progressive contribution of our conceptuality to understand the role of technology in the Anthropocene world. Our third hypothesis is that technology has emancipatory potential and in this respect, can inaugurate a post-Anthropocene World. We consider these three hypotheses to develop a philosophical account of the ontology of technology beyond an abstract and deterministic understanding. This concept enables us to philosophically reflect on the role of technology in the Anthropocene World in general, and its contribution to the transition to the post-Anthropocene World in particular.

The spatiotemporal dynamic and spatial spillover effect of agricultural green technological progress in China.

The progress of agricultural green technology is an important means and fundamental way to achieve high-quality development of agriculture. The current study takes the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 1998 to 2018 and uses the Epsilon Based Measure-Global Malmquist-Luenberger (EBM-GML) model to measure China’s agricultural green technological progress (AGTP) and discusses its dynamic evolution characteristics in the spatiotemporal dimensions. Finally, we analyze the spatial spillover effects of AGTP by the spatial Dubin model. The results show that China’s AGTP showed a trend of first rising and then falling, and the average value is 1.0525. AGTP has obvious regional unbalanced development, and the regional differences are expanding. It shows that AGTP between adjacent areas is closely linked. The Moran’s I index shows that AGTP has a significant positive spatial correlation. The local Moran’s I index shows that AGTP is concentrated in Northwest, Northeast, and North China, and green technological is degraded in East and South China. From the spatial spillover effects of AGTP, the level of agricultural economic development, real GDP per capita, and urbanization have significantly promoted AGTP in the local and neighboring areas, while the agricultural internal structure and the level of labor inhibit AGTP in the local and neighboring areas. In addition, the administrative environmental policy (ENVP) and the economic environmental policy (ECOP) have negative impacts in neighboring areas, while the policy has negative spillover effects and positive spillover effects in the local area, respectively. Therefore, we should adhere to the concept of green development, pay attention to the regional exchange of green technology, concentrate policies on low-low concentration areas, and increase the follow-up tracking and supervision mechanism of the policy design and implementation process.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-18424-z.