This article is based on a current study aiming at showing the relationship between the national urbanization process and the effort made by the Ecclesiastical Institutionality, particularly the Social Pastoral, trying to offer answers to such changes and new challenges. At the same time, the urbanization process is presented as a consequence of social changes, particularly those related to the country›s productive activity, being also the cause for the challenges the Chilean Social Pastoral church has to face according to its reflection expressed in Christian Social thought. This study also intends to show that such process matches the social identity of the national church.