Effect Of Rolling Deformation Research Articles

Effect of rolling deformation on microstructure and tensile properties of additively manufactured Al–Cu alloy with thermo-mechanical treatment

Effect of rolling deformation on microstructure and tensile properties of additively manufactured Al–Cu alloy with thermo-mechanical treatment

Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Simulation of Grain Evolution Behavior in Aluminum Alloy Rolling.

In this study, the crystal plasticity finite element method was established by coupling the crystal plasticity and finite element method (FEM). The effect of rolling deformation and slip system of polycrystalline Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy was investigated. The results showed that there was a pronounced heterogeneity in the stress and strain distribution of the material during cold rolling. The maximum strain and shear strain occurred at surface of the material. The smaller the grain size, the lower the strain concentration at the grain boundary. Meanwhile, a smaller strain difference existed between the grain interior and near the boundary. The rotation of grains leads to significant differences in deformation and rotation depending on their initial orientations during the rolling process. The slip system of (11-1)<-110> had a large effect on the plastic deformation, (111)<10-1> is second, and the effect of (1-11)<011> slip system on the plastic deformation is the smallest. After deformation, the grain orientation concentration was increased with deformation. Therefore, both the strength and volume fraction of texture were increased with the increase in rolling deformation. The experimental results of EBSD indicated that the large rolling reduction resulted in severe grain twisting, so the texture strength was increased. The simulation results were in close agreement with the experimental results. This study provides a theoretical basis for the rolling process, microstructure, and performance control of aluminum alloys.

A well-balanced strength and electrical conductivity in rolled composite prepared by in-situ TiB2p/Cu composite powder

The TiB2p/Cu composites were prepared by current-assisted vacuum hot pressing (CAVHP) combined with rolling using in-situ spherical TiB2p/Cu composite powder as raw material. The effects of rolling deformation on the microstructure and properties of the sintered TiB2p/Cu composite were investigated. The results show that CAVHP leads to a rapid densification of the composite powder compact, and the subsequent rolling deformation is able to eliminate the unclosed pores and achieve a uniform distribution of TiB2p. The dynamic recrystallization during cold rolling refines the Cu matrix grains to ultrafine grains with an average grain size of 0.47 μm. The cold rolled TiB2p/Cu composite obtains a remarkable comprehensive performance with ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and electrical conductivity of 621 MPa, 567 MPa and 86.3% IACS, respectively. In addition, the strengthening and fracture mechanism of the cold rolled TiB2p/Cu composite are analyzed. This work will explore a new technological solution for the preparation of high-performance Cu matrix composites.

Effects on the Microstructure Evolution and Properties of Graphene/Copper Composite during Rolling Process.

Rolling treatments have been identified as a promising fabrication and deformation processing technique for graphene/metal composites with high performance. However, it is still a challenge to choose appropriate rolling parameters to achieve high strength, ductility and electrical conductivity of the composite simultaneously. In this study, graphene/Cu composites were prepared with an in situ growth method and rolling treatment. The effects of rolling deformation and temperature on the microstructural evolution of graphene and Cu grains, interface bonding between graphene and the matrix, mechanical and electrical properties were systemically investigated. The cold-rolled composite with 85% deformation displayed a maximum ultimate strength of 548 MPa, a high elongation of 8.8% and a good electrical conductivity of 86.2% IACS. This is attributed to oriented graphene arrangement and matrix grain refinement. Our research provides a comprehensive understanding for the rolling behavior of graphene/Cu composites, and can promote the development of graphene-based composites with high performance.

Effect of rolling deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Y–Nd–Al alloy

In this paper, a low-cost and high-performance Mg–4Y–3Nd–1.5Al rolled magnesium rare earth alloy sheet was developed by a multi-pass rolling process. The effect of cumulative rolling deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy sheet was studied. It is found that with the increase of rolling passes, the proportion of dynamic recrystallisation grains increases, the grains are refined and the texture strength is weakened due to the combined effect of particle excitation nucleation mechanism and grain-boundary-induced nucleation mechanism. The results show that fine-grain strengthening and work hardening are the main reasons for the high strength of the alloy sheet. This experiment provides scientific guidance for developing fine-grained magnesium alloy sheets.

Effect of rolling deformation and passes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum alloy

The research on Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys mainly focuses on the effects of solution aging and strain rate on the microstructure and properties of the alloy, as well as the flow stress behavior of the alloy. There are few studies on the effects of hot rolling deformation and reduction pass on the microstructure and properties of aluminum alloy. The dislocation density of alloy is affected by changing the rolling deformation, and post-heat treatment improves fine grains segregation and break coarse second phases. The alloys comprehensive mechanical properties are improved by controlling the recrystallization fraction and size. Different shape variable rolling and different passes, optical microscope (OM), field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometers (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), microhardness tester, and other methods were used to characterize the samples, and simulation of the rolling process analyzed by Deform-3D software. The effects of hot rolling deformation and deformation pass on microstructure and properties of aluminum alloy were also studied. The results show that dynamic recrystallization was beneficial to grain refinement when deformation increases to 40%. The coarse second phase was broken and refined into chains and partially spheroidized to dissolve in the matrix under large deformation. Dislocation density decreased after solution treatment when deformation was less than 80%, and increased after large deformation was 80%. The equivalent strain obtained by numerical simulations increases with the increase of deformation. The maximum equivalent strain was on both sides of the rolling surface, and this area was the most prone to crack in rolling. When the increase of the shape variable, the recrystallization volume fraction increased, and the grain size decreased.

Effect of Rolling Deformation on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast and Rolled ZM21 Magnesium Alloy

Effect of Rolling Deformation on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast and Rolled ZM21 Magnesium Alloy

Evolution of Structure and Properties of Micro-Nano Structure 2507 Duplex Stainless Steel Prepared by Aluminothermic Reduction

In this work, a large ingot of micro-nano structure 2507 duplex stainless steel was prepared in a single step using the aluminothermic reaction method. Chromium having different excess fractions were added to reaction powders to make up for evaporation loss, and the results show that the composition and structure of 2507 duplex stainless steel with a chromium excess ratio of 70% are satisfactory. The volume fraction of nanocrystalline in as-cast alloy was 41% and the average grain size was 34 nm. Additionally, the anticipated steels were rolled roughly with deformation of 40% at 1000 °C and followed by fine rolling with deformation of 30, 50 and 70%, separately, at 800 °C. Then, the effects of rolling deformation and precipitation on mechanical properties were studied in detail. Compared with the as-cast alloy, there was no phase transformation in the alloys with deformation of 30 and 50%, and they were still composed of γ and α phases, whereas the σ phase appeared in the alloy with deformation of 70%. When the deformation was 50%, the rolled alloy achieved the best performance, and the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation were 912 MPa, 523 MPa, and 24.3%, respectively.

Effect of Rolling Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Properties of WE43 Alloy.

Magnesium alloys show broad application prospects as biodegradable implanting materials due to their good biocompatibility, mechanical compatibility, and degradability. However, the influence mechanism of microstructure evolution during forming on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy process is not clear. Here, the effects of rolling deformation, such as cold rolling, warm rolling, and hot rolling, on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the WE43 magnesium alloy were systematically studied. After rolling treatment, the grains of the alloy were significantly refined. Moreover, the crystal plane texture strength and basal plane density decreased first and then increased with the increase in rolling temperature. Compared with the as-cast alloy, the strength of the alloy after rolling was significantly improved. Among them, the warm-rolled alloy exhibited the best mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 346.7 MPa and an elongation of 8.9%. The electrochemical experiments and immersion test showed that the hot working process can greatly improve the corrosion resistance of the WE43 alloy. The hot-rolled alloy had the best corrosion resistance, and its corrosion resistance rate was 0.1556 ± 0.18 mm/year.

Effects of rolling deformation on precipitation behavior and mechanical properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy

The effects of cold rolling (CR) with different hot rolling (HR) reductions on the precipitation behavior and mechanical properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu (AA7050) alloy are investigated by synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). With increasing HR reduction, the refinement degree of recrystallized structure increases, the dissolution and fragmentation of the second phase particles, and ultrafine sub-grains in shear bands occur. The number of spherical strain-induced precipitates (SIP) and ultrafine sub-grains increase due to high dislocation density before T6 heat treatment. After T6 heat treatment, the morphology of nanoprecipitates changes from rod-like to globular, the mean size of nanoprecipitates decreases, and the volume fraction increases with growing HR reduction. The 7050 alloy with 80 % HR reduction presents the highest yield strength of ∼513 MPa, the tensile strength of ∼571 MPa and elongation of ∼13.6 %. The strength increment is mainly ascribed to the contribution of precipitation strengthening and dislocation strengthening relevant to the small mean size and large volume fraction of nanoprecipitates. The improved ductility attributes to the refined recrystallized structure and multi-scale and multi-morphology particles. This investigation can guide further designing novel aluminum alloys by tailoring refined grain, highly dispersed nanoprecipitate structures for a preeminent combination of mechanical properties.

Effects of Rolling Deformation on Microstructure, Tensile Properties and Corrosion Behaviors of High Mg Alloyed of Al-Mg Alloy

Effects of Rolling Deformation on Microstructure, Tensile Properties and Corrosion Behaviors of High Mg Alloyed of Al-Mg Alloy

Effect of rolling deformation on microstructure and properties of Cu–Ni–Mo alloy prepared by aluminothermic reaction

The metallic element Mo has almost no solid solubility in copper and can be used as a nucleation particle to refine the grain size and increase the recrystallization temperature of the alloy during solidification. It is expected to obtain copper alloys with good comprehensive properties by reasonably controlling the addition amount of Mo. However, it is difficult to prepare Cu–Mo alloys with uniform structure and there are few related literatures. In this paper, the aluminothermic reaction method, which has the advantages of simple process, low cost, and large size of the prepared alloy, was adopted, and a cluster model with the atomic ratio of Mo and Ni of 1:12 was introduced to design the alloy composition. Here, five alloys with different copper contents were prepared and followed by room temperature rolling with 40%, 60%, and 80% deformation. The results show that the as-cast Cu–Ni–Mo alloys exhibit good formability, have no macroscopic defects and present a small amount of precipitates. With the increase of alloy elements Ni and Mo, the hardness and strength of the alloys increase obviously, while the electrical conductivity decreases gradually. For the rolled alloys, a large number of lamellar deformed structures are formed, the grains are obviously refined, the precipitated phases are broken and the distribution is more uniform, thus the strength and hardness of the alloy increase significantly, the plasticity decrease significantly, while the conductivity changed little. In this study, high-strength samples were obtained, which may be a valuable exploration for the preparation of Cu–Ni–Mo alloy sheets with excellent microstructure and mechanical properties.

Effect of Rolling Deformation on Microstructure and Properties of 7085 Aluminum Alloy

Effect of Rolling Deformation on Microstructure and Properties of 7085 Aluminum Alloy

Effect of Rolling Deformation on Creep Properties of FeCrAl Alloys

FeCrAl alloy is one of the most promising nuclear fuel claddings among many accident tolerant fuel (ATF) materials due to its excellent oxidation resistance and good mechanical properties. However, the effect of process conditions on the creep properties of the FeCrAl alloy is not clear till now. In this study, the impact of a process condition of hot-rolling on the creep properties of FeCrAl alloy was investigated using a nano-indentation creep test under a temperature of 350°C. The microanalysis results indicated that the grain size became smaller with the increase of the hot-rolling thickness reduction. The nano-indentation creep test results showed that the creep power-law stress exponent was about four, and the creep resistance increased when the hot-rolling thickness reduction increased.

Effect of Rolling Deformation on Corrosion Behaviour of AISI 304L in 3% NaCl Solution

It is well known that the mechanical resistance of austenitic stainless steels can be increased considerably by cold rolling process.¶ The cold rolling effect on corrosion resistance of AISI 304L stainless steel in 3% Sodium Chloride solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarisation and by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). The pitting corrosion in this environment is related to the rate of cold deformation. The cold rolling induces important changes in the microstructure and involves phase transformation (γ→a'). The AISI 304L developes martensitic structure after 16% cold working. The potentiodynamic results show a moderate variation of the passivity zone, a remarkable decrease in the pitting potential and a free potential. The results also show an increase in the current density. However, it seems that the critical deformation rate appears to start at approximately 50% of the rolling deformation where the passivation current is minimal. After the polarisation tests, metastable pits are observed using SEM and the most probable initiation causes are discussed

Effect of rolling deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel with micro-nano structure

In order to further expand the application scope of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS), its microstructure and mechanical properties require as much attention as its corrosion properties. In this study, 2205DSSs were prepared by aluminothermic reaction and the microstructures and mechanical behavior of the rolled alloys were analyzed. The micro-nanocrystals composite structure appears in the alloys after rough rolling with deformation of 40% at [Formula: see text]C followed by finishing rolling with deformation of 30%, 50% and 70% at [Formula: see text]C. With the increase of rolling deformation, the two-phase structure is gradually elongated, the average size of the two-phase grains is gradually increased, and some [Formula: see text] phase will change to [Formula: see text] phase, the volume fraction of [Formula: see text] phase is gradually increased, and the distribution of nanocrystals is gradually uniform. Meanwhile, the fracture mode of alloy is gradually changed from ductile fracture to brittle fracture. The strength and hardness of the alloy increase gradually.

Analysis of Interfacial Bonding Strength and Microstructure of Rolled Clad Plates

The effects of rolling deformation on the interface bonding strength and microstructure of bimetallic clad plates were simulated. The composition and sub-structure of the interface were analyzed by electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the interfacial bonding strength of clad plates was significantly depend on the deformation process, and the bonding time was also a significant factor on bonding effect apart from total strain in the two-stage rolling. Chromium, nickel and other alloying elements have a significant diffusion zone at the bonding interface with a diffusion width of about 10µm. High resolution TEM analysis confirmed that there was an sound metallurgical bonding at the interface, and the structure of martensite in transition zone and matrix approximately meet the coherent relationship of(200) Ferrite // (111) Martensite and [020] Ferrite // [211]Martensite.

Effect of rolling deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Sn-3Al-1Zn alloy

The Mg-6Sn-3Al-1Zn alloys treated with the solid solution were induced 25%, 45%, 65% and 85% rolling deformation at 400 °C, respectively. The microstructures of as-rolled magnesium alloys were analyzed by XRD, OM, SEM and TEM, the mechanical properties were also measured. The results revealed that the rolled Mg-6Sn-3Al-1Zn alloys were composed of α-Mg matrix phase and Mg2Sn second phase, Mg2Sn distributed at the grain boundaries and intra-grains. With the increasing of the rolling deformation, the volume fraction of Mg2Sn phase distributed at the grain boundaries firstly decreased and then stabilized, the average size of Mg2Sn phase firstly increased and then decreased, the Mg2Sn phase distributed inside the grains gradually transformed from a rod shape to a spherical shape, the volume fraction of the recrystallized grains gradually increased and the average size of the recrystallized grains early decreased and eventually almost unchanged. When the rolling deformation exceeded 25%, the value of tensile strength and Vickers hardness of the Mg-6Sn-3Al-1Zn alloys increased with the rolling deformation. However, when the rolling deformation exceeded 65%, the elongation of the magnesium alloys diminished, however, the strength of as-rolled magnesium alloys did not increase significantly when the amount of rolling deformation increased from 65% to 85%. The mechanical properties were the best when the amount of rolling deformation reached 65%. Meanwhile, the volume fraction and area of Mg2Sn phase distributed on the grain boundaries were 2.9%, 105.5 μm2, the volume fraction and average grain size of recrystallized grains were 87% and 2.2 μm, respectively. In addition, it was worth noting that the Mg2Sn phase distributed inside the grains was radically converted into a spherical shape, and the tensile strength, elongation, hardness of the alloy were 317 MPa, 13% and 77.52 HV, respectively.

Improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the rheo-extruded Al-Fe alloy by severe rolling deformation

Al-3Fe alloy was prepared by the method of continuous rheo-extrusion, and the effect of rolling deformation on the microstructure and the property of the rheo-extruded Al-3Fe alloy was studied by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tensile test. The rheo-extruded pure Al was also prepared for comparison. The results showed that the rolling deformation could further refine the grain size of the rheo-extruded Al-Fe alloy, and reduce the size of the Al-Fe phase. Due to the present of nanosized and sub-micron sized Al3Fe phase, the strength of rheo-extruded Al-Fe alloy is significantly higher than that of rheo-extruded pure Al, and this advantage has been maintained during subsequently rolling deformation. Moreover, the strength and the elongation are simultaneously increased when the rolling reduction exceeds 60% for Al-Fe alloy and pure Al. Both of Al-Fe alloy and pure Al have the best comprehensive mechanical property when the rolling reduction reaches 90%. The main contribution is attributed to the grain refinement and the formation of high fraction substructure.

Effect of Rolling Deformation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Extruded Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of an as-extruded Mg-4.5Zn-1.1Ca (wt.%) alloy subjected to unidirectional rolling and cross-rolling were compared in the present study. The results indicated that rolling deformation refined the microstructure, dispersed second phases and modified the texture, which resulted in an improvement in the mechanical properties of the as-rolled alloys compared with those of the as-extruded alloy. The yield strength of the Mg-4.5Zn-1.1Ca (wt.%) alloy increased from 173 to 297 MPa after unidirectional rolling. The initial fragmented Ca2Mg6Zn3 phases were further refined after rolling deformation, which clearly restricted the grain growth and gave rise to a fine microstructure. It was also found that rolling deformation intensified the basal texture in comparison with the as-extruded alloy, which was related to particle pinning.