Effect Of Physical Activity Level Research Articles

Effect of physical activity levels on oncological breast surgery recovery: a prospective cohort study

After breast cancer (BC) surgery, women may experience a physical decline. The effect of physical activity (PA) on the course of recovery after BC surgery has not yet been thoroughly examined. To analyze the impact of physical activity performed by women undergoing breast cancer surgery on measures of function, range of motion, and self-efficacy. A prospective study was carried out in 157 patients who underwent surgery for BC between October 2018 and April 2019, divided into four groups according to the intensity of PA with 6 months follow-up. 50 sedentary patients and 107 active patients were enrolled; the mean age was 52.6. Women who performed physical activity, moderate to vigorous, demonstrated lower function disabilities (QuickDASH 2.22) compared with inactivity or light physical activity (QuickDASH 7.0, p < 0.001), with better shoulder flexion (159.0° vs. 150.7°, p = 0.007) and abduction (159.5° vs. 152.2°, p = 0.008). Higher PA levels, displayed in higher self-efficacy reports (9.5 vs. 8.8, p = 0.002), and return to prior job status (0.005). The PA level does not influence pain at one, three and 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.278, p = 0.304 and p = 0.304 respectively). High PA levels increase the risk of axillary web syndrome (p = 0.041), although, it reduces the incidence of chronic pain (p = 0.007). Women who practice physical activity recover better from BC surgery than sedentary women. The higher the intensity and frequency of training, the better the results. Vigorous activity cause axillary web syndrome, despite, it has a beneficial effect on lowering the rate of chronic pain.

The effect of physical activity level and exercise training on the association between plasma branched-chain amino acids and intrahepatic lipid content in participants with obesity

AimsTo evaluate whether the association between plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL) was affected by physical activity level. Furthermore, to investigate if a conventional exercise training program, a subcategory of physical activity, could lower plasma BCAA along with alterations in IHL content in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and people with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL).MethodsTo investigate the effect of physical activity on the association between plasma BCAA and IHL content, linear regression analyses were performed in 1983 individuals from the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) stratified by physical activity frequency. Furthermore, the effect of a 12-week supervised combined aerobic resistance-exercise program on plasma BCAA, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp), and IHL (proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS)) was investigated in seven patients with T2DM, seven individuals with NAFL and seven BMI-matched control participants (CON).ResultsWe observed positive associations between plasma valine, isoleucine and leucine level, and IHL content (1.29 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.38), 1.52 (95% CI: 1.43, 1.61), and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.44, 1.64) times IHL, respectively, per standard deviation of plasma amino acid level). Similar associations were observed in less active versus more active individuals. Exercise training did not change plasma BCAA levels among groups, but reduced IHL content in NAFL (from 11.6 ± 3.0% pre-exercise to 8.1 ± 2.0% post exercise, p < 0.05) and CON (from 2.4 ± 0.6% pre-exercise to 1.6 ± 1.4% post exercise, p < 0.05), and improved peripheral insulin sensitivity in NAFL as well by ~23% (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe association between plasma BCAA levels and IHL is not affected by physical activity level. Exercise training reduced IHL without affecting plasma BCAA levels in individuals with NAFL and CON. We conclude that exercise training-induced reduction in IHL content is not related to changes in plasma BCAA levels.Trial registrationTrial registry number: NCT01317576.

Modulating Effect of Physical Activity Level on Flow‐Mediated Dilation in Late Pre‐ and Early Post‐Menopausal Women

BACKGROUND Following menopause, hormonal changes including the cessation of estrogen production by the ovaries accelerate the age-related decline in endothelial function, as measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In turn, it predisposes post-menopausal women to a greater risk of hypertension. Physical activity is considered the most effective strategy to maintain endothelial function with ageing. For older men, research has demonstrated a positive influence of physical activity on brachial artery FMD. However, in older women, the benefits of physical activity on brachial artery FMD are less conclusive, especially during the transition from pre- to post-menopause. This study tested the hypotheses that: 1) physically active early post-menopausal women exhibit preserved brachial artery FMD relative to active late pre-menopausal women, and; 2) a positive correlation exists between physical activity level and brachial artery FMD within these groups of women. METHODS Nine pre- (48 ± 2 years) and ten post- (53 ± 2 years) menopausal, healthy and physically active women were recruited. Blood pressure (24-hour ambulatory monitoring), physical activity levels (7-day accelerometry), and endothelial function (brachial artery FMD) were compared between groups with unpaired t-tests. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate potential relationships between brachial artery FMD and physical activity levels. RESULTS Total physical activity (pre: 4322 ± 1661 vs. post: 3352 ± 859 min/week, P=0.14) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (pre: 608 ± 326 vs. post: 526 ± 265 min/week, P=0.55) did not differ between groups. Brachial artery FMD also did not differ between late pre- (3.99 ± 2.23%, P=0.69) and early post- (4.52 ± 3.14%) menopausal women. Nonetheless, post-menopausal women tended to have greater 24-hour systolic blood pressure (121 ± 8 vs. 114 ± 7 mmHg, P=0.06). No correlation was observed between brachial artery FMD and total physical activity level (P=0.26). In contrast, a negative correlation was observed between brachial artery FMD and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity level (r=-0.499, P=0.04). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that greater levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels are associated with lower brachial artery FMD values in late pre- and early post-menopausal women. These results also suggest that early post-menopausal women demonstrate greater systolic blood pressure relative to late pre-menopausal women, despite being equally physically active and exhibiting a preserved brachial artery FMD.

Habitual endurance running does not mitigate age-related differences in gait kinetics.

Older adults often walk with smaller ankle joint kinetics and larger hip joint kinetics compared to young adults. These age-related differences have been attributed, in part, to weaker plantarflexor muscles. While it is thought that regular physical activity helps to maintain muscle strength and mobility in older adults, physical activity levels on average decline with age. Therefore, understanding the effect of physical activity level on gait kinetics is an important objective for the management of mobility impairment in older adults. The purpose of this study was determine the effect of habitual endurance running on lower-extremity joint kinetics. 12 male older long-term runners (67±5yrs., 1.79±0.07m, 77.3±13.7kg) and 12 male older non-runners (70±3yrs., 1.78±0.06m, 79.68±10.6kg), performed overground walking trials at 1.3m/s while kinematic and kinetic data were collected. Participants also performed maximal voluntary contractions at the hip, knee, and ankle joints on an isokinetic dynamometer. Older runners displayed similar ankle plantarflexor strength, similar hip extensor strength, and greater knee extensor strength compared to older non-runners, and walked with similar ankle joint kinetics (p>0.05), and larger hip joint kinetics compared to older non-runners (p<0.05). Thus, physical activity, in the form of running at least 20miles/wk. and training for at least one race per year, did not mitigate the characteristic age-related differences in gait kinetics. Our findings may indicate that age-related differences in lower-extremity gait kinetics are a normal consequence of natural aging.

The Effect of Physical Activity Level and Body Adiposity on Fatty Infiltration of the Lumbar Multifidus in Apparently Healthy Individuals From an Urban African Setting

Background: Spine stability or core stability exercises are among the most recommended interventions in low back pain management. It is important to clarify whether physical activity and body adiposity affect lumbar muscle multifidus (LMM) among apparently healthy adults. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the effect of physical activity level (PAL) and body adiposity on fatty infiltration of LMM in apparently healthy individuals from an urban African setting. Methods: Fatty infiltration of LMM was visually graded as normal, slight, and severe using diagnostic ultrasound. Validated Hausa and English versions of IPAQ were employed to analyze PAL, and the bioelectrical impedance analysis machine was used to measure some of the body adiposity parameters and weight. Results: A slight fatty infiltration of LMM was observed in 40.3% of 196 participants. Slight fatty infiltration of LMM had a higher prevalence in female subjects (39.2%) than males (34.2%). Only two variables of age (P = 0.032; r = 0.153) and visceral fat (P = 0.0001; r = 0.308) had a relationship with fatty infiltration of LMM. Conclusions: Fatty infiltration of LMM was positively associated with visceral fat and weakly with age among the participants. However, fatty infiltration of LMM had no relationship with the PAL.

Evaluation of the relationship between physical activity level and functional capacity, depression and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical activity level on functional capacity, depression and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Materials and Methods: Seventy nine patients who were diagnosed with knee OA according to ACR (American College of Rheumatology) criteria who applied to Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, were included in the study. Radiological stage of knee osteoarthritis was evaluated according to the Kellgren Lawrence score. The patients were divided into two groups as Inadequate Activity Group (IAG) and Physically Active Group (PAG) according to their answers to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). Patients were evaluated using the ShortForm 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC).Results: WOMAC physical function scores were lower on PAG. The average BDI score of PAG was significantly lower than IAG. The average SF-36 scores in PAG were found to be significantly higher when compared with the IAG (p 0.05).Conclusion: Increased physical activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis; It has positive effects on functional capacity, depression and quality of life.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyinin Akademik Öz-Yeterlik, Anksiyete ve Stres Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışma üniversite öğrencilerinde fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin akademik öz-yeterlik, anksiyete ve stres üzerine olan etkisini incelemek amacıyla planlandı. Sekonder olarak cinsiyete göre fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin akademik öz-yeterlik, anksiyete ve strese olan etkisi incelendi. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya 18-30 yaş aralığında 132 üniversite öğrencisi (kadın: 67, erkek: 65) dahil edildi. Katılımcıların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi ile değerlendirildi ve katılımcılar anketten alınan skora göre minimal aktif (n=71) (Grup I) ve yeterince aktif (n=61) (Grup II) olarak 2 gruba ayrıldı. Akademik öz-yeterlikleri sorgulamak için Akademik Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği kullanıldı. Anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri sırasıyla Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği ve Sınıfta Stres Nedenleri Ölçeği ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Gruplar arası karşılaştırmada Grup I ve Grup II deki öğrencilerin akademik öz-yeterlikleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p=0,001). Anksiyete düzeyleri açısından iki grup karşılaştırıldığında Grup II’deki öğrencilerin daha düşük anksiyeteye sahip oldukları belirlendi (p=0,012). Fiziksel aktivitenin akademik öz-yeterliğe istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve artırıcı etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur (p=0,005; R2=0,06). Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçlarımız fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri yeterince aktif olan öğrencilerin akademik öz-yeterliklerinin daha yüksek ve anksiyetelerinin daha düşük olduğunu gösterdi. Bu bilgiler ışığında öğrencilerin ruhsal iyilik hallerinin geliştirilmesi için fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin artırılması faydalı olacaktır.

Effect of physical activity level on the course of pneumonia caused by COVID-19

Data from medical records of 144 COVID-19 patients who completed inpatient treatment, as well as subsequent questionnaires using a modified questionnaire, were analyzed. The relationship between the level of physical activity, performance, and quality of life (before and after treatment), age, frequency of exercise therapy at the hospital stage, the presence of stool disorders, and episodes of increased blood pressure after treatment with the course of the disease were evaluated. Patients were divided into a control and experimental group depending on the initial subjective level of performance. The moderate form prevailed (69,44%). The mild form is typical for younger patients, patients older than 50 years make up 62,49% of the total number of cases of severe course. Patients who had a severe form of the disease noted the quality of life and performance before the disease at a lower level, in contrast to those who had a medium and light form. Initially leading a more active lifestyle, patients with initially higher performance and quality of life who performed exercise therapy at the hospital stage (with mild and moderate forms) have a more favorable course of the disease (reducing the time of hospitalization, early recovery of performance, reducing the number of CT scans). The initial higher physical activity contributes to a more favorable course of the disease. The initial higher physical activity contributes to a more favorable course of the disease. It is necessary to raise public awareness of the benefits of regular physical activity and its connection with the course of the disease, especially among the elderly, as well as to introduce exercise therapy at all stages of treatment.

Level of physical activity and other maternal characteristics during the third trimester of pregnancy and its association with birthweight at term in South Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study.

Birthweight continues to be the leading infant health indicator and the main focus of infant health policy. Low birthweight babies are at a higher risk of mortality and morbidity in most low-income countries. However, the physical activity level of pregnant women and its association with low birthweight is not well studied in Ethiopia. To address the above gap, we aimed to examine the maternal physical activity level and other characteristics during the third trimester and its association with birthweight at term in South Ethiopia. A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 247 randomly selected women in their third trimester of pregnancy. We measured the physical activity level using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, which included the type and level of various categories of activities. Anthropometric measurements of mothers were taken following standard procedures, and birthweight was recorded within 72 hours of delivery. To identify the effect of physical activity level and other maternal characteristics on low birthweight, we performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Overall, 111 (47.2%) mothers were engaged in vigorous physical activities during third trimester. The incidence of low birthweight was 21.6% and 9.68% among newborns of mothers who engaged in vigorous and moderate or low physical activity, respectively. The incidence of low birthweight at term was significantly associated with vigorous physical activity [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-6.09], prolonged standing [AOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.14-9.93], and squatting [AOR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.04-6.54)] during the third trimester of pregnancy. The vast majority of pregnant women were engaged in vigorous physical activities in their third trimester. Engagement in vigorous physical activity, standing for longer hours, and squatting were the major contributors to low birthweight at term. Hence, focused counseling should be conducted to reduce vigorous physical activity, standing, and squatting during the third trimester among pregnant women.

Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease by weight status among U.S adults.

PurposeWe sought to determine whether the association between physical activity and 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk varies among normal weight, overweight, and obese adults in a nationally-representative sample of the United States.MethodsData were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016. A subset of 22,476 participants aged 30–64 years was included with no CVD history. Physical activity level was self-reported and stratified into sedentary (0 min/week), inactive (1–149 mins/week), or active (≥150 mins/week) of moderate or vigorous activities. Framingham risk scores were classified as low/intermediate (<20%) or high 10-year CVD risk (≥20%).ResultsThe average age of the population was 45.9 years, 52.3% were female, 33.6% were overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9kg/m2), and 35.7% were obese (BMI≥30kg/m2). Individuals who were overweight and obese had a higher 10-year CVD risk compared to those with normal weight (9.5 vs. 10.1 vs. 6.3%, P<0.001). The association of physical activity and high 10-year CVD risk differed by weight status. Among overweight and obese adults, individuals engaged in any physical activity had lower odds ofhigh 10-year CVD risk compared to sedentary individuals (overweight: OR active = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.36–0.64; OR inactive = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.45–0.86; obese: OR active = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.37–0.68; OR inactive = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49–0.89). Among normal weight adults, individuals who were physically active had lower odds of high 10-year CVD risk (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.28–0.87). When compared the joint effects of physical activity level and weight status, physical activity was associated with a larger magnitude of reduced odds of 10-year CVD risk than weight status.ConclusionParticipation in any level of physical activity is associated with a lower 10-year CVD risk for overweight and obese adults. Future studies are needed to identify effective modes and doses of exercise that offer optimal CVD benefits for populations with different weight statuses.

Gut microbiome characteristics at the crossroads of metabolic health and lifestyle patterns in an adult population

AbstractIntroductionCumulative findings have recently highlighted the role of gut microbiota as a novel environmental factor in the fight against obesity and related comorbidities. We aimed to investigate (1) the gut microbiome characteristics of a Greek adult population in terms of adiposity prevalence and (2) to further elucidate the potential effect of physical activity level and adherence to a-priori (Mediterranean Diet) and a-posteriori dietary patterns in gut microbiota profiling after accounting for sex, age and obesity status.Materials and MethodsAdult participants (n = 125) underwent clinical, anthropometric, dietary, physical activity and lifestyle evaluation. Obesity status [normal-weight (NW), overweight (OW), obesity (OB)] was defined based on body weight and height measurements, Body Mass Index calculation and the World Health Organization criteria. Levels of physical activity (low/medium/high) were estimated according to International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scoring. Dietary intake was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was based on the MedDietScore and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied for dietary patterns analysis. Gut microbial community characteristics (diversity, richness and proportions at phylum level) were calculated based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsA total of 122 subjects (58 females; mean age 42.4 ± 13.1 years) completed the study. OB was characterized by lower proportions of Verrucomicrobia compared to NW state (p = 0.034 for univariate), unidentified bacteria (p = 0.014) and the Archaea Euryarchaeota (p = 0.003) compared to OW status, and the phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria compared to NW (p = 0.027) and OW (p = 0.039) after sex and age adjustments. Regarding lifestyle parameters, our data proposed no significant effect of total physical activity levels on gut microbiome; notably, a ‘fruit and vegetables’ dietary pattern and adherence to Mediterranean diet were both characterized by lower microbial diversity and proportions of Actinobacteria but higher proportions of Cyanobacteria/Chloroplast and Lentisphaerae, respectively. Furthermore, a Western-type dietary pattern (high in full fat dairy products, potatoes, refined cereals, red meat, snacks and junkfood) was characterized by lower gut microbial richness (Chao1 index), whereas a healthy dietary pattern (high in low fat dairy and wholegrain cereals and low in snack and junk food) was characterized by higher proportion of Firmicutes.DiscussionOur data proposed variable connections of metabolic health and dietary patterns with features of gut microbiota; design of gut microbiome studies is advisable to account for host- and lifestyle-related potential confounders.

The Effects of Teacher Candidates’ Physical Activity Levels on Health-Related Quality of Life

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of physical activity levels of teacher candidates on the sub-dimensions of health-related quality of life. In the research among the quantitative research methods, relational survey model was used. A total of 90 teacher candidates participated in this research. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used in this study. In the data analysis, “percentage, frequencies, standard deviation, mean, Product-Moment Correlation coefficients and Multiple regression” were used. According to the results, role functioning/emotional, pain and general health sub-dimensions are important predictors on physical activity levels. However, physical functioning, emotional well-being, vitality, social functioning, role functioning/physical, sub-dimensions have not an important impact on physical activity levels statistically. As a conclusion, participation in physical activity can be said to have a negative effect on emotional problems and pain, and a positive effect on general health status.

The Association Among Social Support, Self-Efficacy, Use of Mobile Apps, and Physical Activity: Structural Equation Models With Mediating Effects.

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is a risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases. Insufficient physical activity has become an important public health problem worldwide. As mobile apps have rapidly developed, physical activity apps have the potential to improve the level of physical activity among populations.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical activity apps on levels of physical activity among college students.MethodsA Web-based questionnaire was used to survey college students in Beijing from December 27, 2017, to January 5, 2018. According to a previous survey, 43% of college students using physical activity apps and 36% of those who never used such apps achieved the physical activity recommendations. In this study, the sample size was calculated to be 500. The questionnaire consisted of 5 parts: the use of physical activity apps, sports habits, social support, self-efficacy, and social demographic information. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between the use of physical activity apps, self-efficacy, social support, and level of physical activity.ResultsOf the 1245 participants, 384 college students (30.8%) used physical activity apps (in the past month). Of these 384 students, 191 (49.7%) gained new friends via the app. College students who were using physical activity apps had a higher level of physical activity and higher scores for social support and self-efficacy (P<.001) than those who did not use such apps. The use of physical activity apps significantly affected the mediating effect of physical activity level through social support (beta=.126; P<.001) and self-efficacy (beta=.294; P<.001). Gender played an important role in app use, self-efficacy, and physical activity in the mediation model: male users spent more time on physical activity and had higher self-efficacy scores (P<.001).ConclusionsThis study focused on college students in Beijing and found that the use of physical activity apps is associated with higher physical activity levels among these students. This effect is mainly through the mediation effect of social support and self-efficacy, rather than the direct effect of physical activity apps. The use of physical activity apps is associated with a higher social support level and higher self-efficacy score. Furthermore, a high social support level and high self-efficacy score are associated with higher physical activity levels.

The Effect of Physical Activity Level and Sleep Quality on Quality of Life in Pregnant Women

The Effect of Physical Activity Level and Sleep Quality on Quality of Life in Pregnant Women

초등학생들의 신체활동수준이 스트레스, 우울 및 자아존중감에 미치는 영향

초등학생들의 신체활동수준이 스트레스, 우울 및 자아존중감에 미치는 영향

THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE RISK OF OBESITY IN ADULTHOOD

Indonesia has an increasing number of obese people every year. Risk factors and complications caused by obesity can increase morbidity and mortality in the community. One of factors causing the increasing number of obese people is caused by the decreasing level of physical activities done by Indonesian people.This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity levels on the risk of obesity. The study used an observational analytic case control design. Subjects were chosen through a purposive sampling method. The population was young adults in Surabaya. The sample of the study included 97 obese adults and 97 non-obese adults. The study was conducted in March - July 2018 in South Surabaya through distributing questionnaires to two groups. The questionnaire given used the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The results showed that physical activity performed by adult age group of obesity was mostly classified as low activity (59,8%), while non-obese adult age group was mostly included in medium activity (56,6%).This shows a significant difference in physical activity between obese and non-obese groups (p=0,047). It can be concluded that decreased levels of physical activity may increase the risk of obesity in adult.

PENGARUH AKTIVITAS FISIK TERHADAP RISIKO OBESITAS PADA USIA DEWASA

Indonesia has an increasing number of obese people every year. Risk factors and complications caused by obesity can increase morbidity and mortality in the community. One of factors causing the increasing number of obese people is caused by the decreasing level of physical activities done by Indonesian people.This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity levels on the risk of obesity. The study used an observational analytic case control design. Subjects were chosen through a purposive sampling method. The population was young adults in Surabaya. The sample of the study included 97 obese adults and 97 non-obese adults. The study was conducted in March - July 2018 in South Surabaya through distributing questionnaires to two groups. The questionnaire given used the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The results showed that physical activity performed by adult age group of obesity was mostly classified as low activity (59,8%), while non-obese adult age group was mostly included in medium activity (56,6%).This shows a significant difference in physical activity between obese and non-obese groups (p=0,047). It can be concluded that decreased levels of physical activity may increase the risk of obesity in adult.

Improving Glucose Prediction Accuracy in Physically Active Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

Physical activity presents a significant challenge for glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes. As accurate glycemic predictions are key to successful automated decision-making systems (eg, artificial pancreas, AP), the inclusion of additional physiological variables in the estimation of the metabolic state may improve the glucose prediction accuracy during exercise. Predictor-based subspace identification is applied to a dynamic glucose prediction model including heart rate measurements along with variables representing the carbohydrate consumption and insulin boluses. To demonstrate the improvement in prediction ability due to the additional heart rate variable, the performance of the proposed modeling technique is evaluated with (SID-HR) and without heart rate (SID-2) as an additional input using experimental data involving adolescents at ski camp. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed approach is compared to that of the metabolic state observer (MSO) model currently used in the University of Virginia AP algorithm. The addition of heart rate in the subspace-based model (SID-HR) yields a statistically significant improvement in the root-mean-square error compared to the SID-2 model (P < .001) and the standard MSO (P < .001). Furthermore, the SID-HR model performed favorably in comparison to the SID-2 and MSO models after accounting for its increased complexity. Directly considering the effects of physical activity levels on glycemic dynamics through the inclusion of heart rate as an additional input variable in the glucose dynamics model improves the glucose prediction accuracy. The proposed methodology could improve exercise-informed model-based predictive control algorithms in artificial pancreas systems.

The impact of physical activity level, degree of dyspnoea and pulmonary function on the performance of healthy young adults during exercise

BackgroundIn addition to being simple and requiring minimal technology, the 6-min walk test (6MWT) has been found to be reproducible and well tolerated since its first use. However, the impact of non-anthropometric factors on functional capacity is less clear in healthy young adults because the majority experience no age-related changes in the locomotor system or associated comorbidities. AimTo identify the effect of physical activity level, degree of dyspnoea and pulmonary function on functional capacity, evaluated through the 6-min walking distance (6MWD) of healthy young adults, in order to prevent clinical abnormalities. MethodThis is a cross-sectional study including 190 healthy young adults who were subjected to the 6MWT to assess walking distance and degree of dyspnoea using the Borg scale. Furthermore, pulmonary function using spirometry and physical activity level using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were assessed. According to the IPAQ, the subjects were categorised as sedentary, irregularly active or active. ResultsThe 6MWD was positively correlated with pulmonary function parameters (P ≤ 0.002 for all parameters). There was a marginally significant correlation between the 6MWD and the difference between the scores assessed before and after the test using the Borg scale. There was a trend towards significant differences in 6MWD according to the IPAQ categories. Furthermore, forced vital capacity was the only pulmonary function parameter with significant differences between IPAQ categories (P = 0.02). ConclusionIn healthy young adults, greater pulmonary function indicates a greater 6MWD. In these subjects, physical activity level based on the IPAQ categories clearly affects pulmonary function. However, the IPAQ category and degree of dyspnoea are poorly related to the 6MWD of these subjects.

The effect of physical activity level at postpartum period on quality of life and depression level

The effect of physical activity level at postpartum period on quality of life and depression level