Effects Of Parental Divorce Research Articles

The Effects of Parental Divorce on Children in West Germany

This article reports the results of an empirical research project on 22 non-clinical children of parental divorce (ages 22 months to 18 years) from 16 families in West Germany. Due to lack of studies originating in West Germany and the good reception of foreign literature on the topic of divorce, the findings of this study were compared and contrasted to the foreign literature and studies, especially the Wallerstein and Kelly study on children of divorce in the USA.

Parental divorce as a factor in children's perception of human relationships: An analysis of human movement responses in the Rorschach test

The subjects were 108 Swedish children between 10 and 12 years old, who constituted a divorce and a non-divorce group of 27 girls and 27 boys each. Rorschach Tests were administered individually and human movement responses were analysed. Non-divorce children perceived more cooperative and fewer hostile interactions than the divorce children. Responses containing figures engaged in hostile interaction were most common among divorce girls, whereas the divorce boys had difficulties in perceiving any interaction whatsoever. The different effect of parental divorce on the ability of girls and boys to develop satisfactory social relationships is discussed.

Effects of parental divorce on children.

Effects of parental divorce on children.

Hostility, Aggression, and Anxiety Levels of Divorce and Nondivorce Children as Manifested in Their Responses to Projective Tests

The effects of parental divorce on the levels of aggression, hostility, and anxiety in children, as measured by the Rorschach test, together with the type and direction of aggression, as measured by the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study, were studied. The Rorschach and the Rosenzweig P-F study were administered to a nonclinical sample of 108 Swedish children ranging in age from 10 to 12 years old. The subjects constituted a divorce and a nondivorce group of 27 girls and 27 boys each. Children of divorced parents (hereafter referred to as divorce children, divorce boys, or divorce girls) showed significantly higher levels of hostility, aggression, and anxiety than children of married parents (hereafter referred to as nondivorce children, nondivorce boys, nondivorce girls). There were significant differences found in the type and direction of aggression between divorce girls and boys. Divorce boys showed more extraggression and ego defensive reactions, whereas divorce girls tended to evade aggression. The differences between divorce and nondivorce groups and the diversity of reactions between divorce boys and girls are discussed.

Consequences of Parental Divorce and Marital Unhappiness for Adult Well-Being

Based on a national sample of adults, individuals who experienced parental divorce as children were compared with those who did not experience marital dissolution. Respondents from disrupted families of origin scored lower than those from happily intact families of origin on measures of psychological, social, and marital well-being ― but not on measures of socioeconomic adequacy. These differences, however, were generally weak in magnitude. Individuals from intact family backgrounds who described their parents as unhappily married exhibited lower levels of well-being than did individuals who described their parents as happily married. Divorces that entailed a decline in parent child-relations, and multiple divorces on the part of parents, appeared to be particularly problematic. Individuals experiencing “low-stress” parental divorces did not differ appreciably from those who grew up in happily intact homes.

The Long Term Effect of Parental Divorce:

The present study examined the effects of a subject's sex, level of religiosity, and marital history of family origin on the development on marital role expectations in a sample of 80 college students. The results indicated that the marital roles expectations were a result of an interaction of the three variables examined. While it has been proposed that parental divorce leads to the development of "inappropriate" marital role expectations, the present study failed to support this conclusion. It appears that marital role development is the result of a complex interaction of a number of variables and not as easily explained as some would suggest. The differential influence of religiosity on the development of marital role expectation is discussed with implications for further research. The "role-model" rationale of the transmission of marital instability is discussed in light of these results.

The Child's Response to Affection Given to Someone Else: Effects of Parental Divorce, Sex of Child, and Sibling Position

We propose that a child's adverse reaction to affection given to someone else is an expression of a "naive theory" that positive regard is a divisible substance of limited supply. We further propose that certain life experiences, such as parental divorce, augment the strength of the beliefs constituting this naive theory. A method was devised to measure children's attributions of unhappiness to someone who perceives a second party being given affection by a third. Children were asked to respond to pictures of three-person situations in which the first person was the donor of affection, the second was the recipient, and the third was the nonrecipient. Children of divorced parents attributed significantly more unhappiness to nonrecipients than did children from intact families. Detailed results indicate that different levels of unhappiness are expected depending on the family role (child, father, mother) of the nonrecipient.

The Marriages and Divorces of the Children of Divorce

The effect of parental divorce on the divorce-proneness of offspring was estimated separately for white males white females black males and black females through analysis of pooled data from eleven U.S. national surveys conducted from 1973 to 1985. The estimated effect for white females was substantial and statistically significant but any effects in the other race-sex categories appear to have been moderate. Early marriage among children of divorce level of commitment to marriage and other factors related to the intergenerational transmission of the tendency to divorce are discussed. (EXCERPT)

The Effects of Parental Divorce and Parental Conflict on Children

Pediatricians and other primary care professionals are frequently called upon to offer their advice concerning the psychosocial problems that families confront. Currently, one area that appears to be of great concern to parents is the effect that parental divorce has on children. However, giving advice in this area is difficult as parental divorce does not have the same effect on all children. Researchers are now beginning to identify and study numerous factors that appear to play a critical role in mediating child adjustment following parental divorce. Understanding these mediating factors will likely prove crucial when addressing questions pertaining to parental divorce. Several investigators believe that one of the most important of these mediating factors is parental conflict. This article reviews the research addressing the relationship between parental divorce, parental conflict, and child adjustment.

Long-term effects of parental divorce on young adult male crime

The purpose of this study was to explore the long-term effects of parental divorce on young adult male crime from a longitudinal perspective. Four hundred and twenty-three males were randomly selected from a Danish birth cohort. Results of analyses of variance showed an initial significant relationship between divorce and young adult crime. However, the effects of divorce disappeared when further path analysis controlled for the effects of social class and father's criminality. In addition, time of divorce did not have an effect on later criminal behavior.

Parental separation/divorce and adolescents: an examination of factors mediating adaptation.

This study examined the relationship between differences in current adjustment as they related to a number of demographic, personal, and situational factors for 65 late adolescents/young adults who had experienced this life transition. Utilizing multiple regression analyses, several factors emerged as particularly salient mediators of the adolescents' postdivorce adjustment, including distance from home, coping style, family cohesion, conflict and organization, and the use of family members for support. The importance of clarifying the role of psychological and situational mediating factors in order to understand the consequences of parental divorce and to organize preventive and ameliorative efforts for this population is discussed.

Picking up the Pieces: The Effects of Parental Divorce on Adolescents with Some Suggestions for School-Based Intervention Programs

Four aspects of the effects of divorce on adolescents are examined in this review. First, some of the recent changes that have taken place in the American family are examined, specifically changes in the number of divorces. Second, the effects of divorce on adolescent development are reviewed, especially possible consequences on intellectual performance and academic achievement. Also examined are the effects of divorce on personality development and social relations. Third, differences in adolescents' reactions to parental divorce are discussed and some factors which either facilitate or retard adjustment to the divorce of parents are identified. Fourth, some suggestions are made for school-based interventions that might help ameliorate some of the negative consequences of parental divorce on adolescent functioning.

Effects of Parental Divorce During Early Childhood on Ego Development and Identity Formation of College Students

Level of ego development, locus of control, and identity achievement were assessed in 294 college students who came from intact, divorced, and divorced-remarriage family backgrounds. Contrary to popular assumptions. divorce backgrounds were not predictive of lower scores on the three measures. In fact, males from divorce families held higher ego-identity achievement scores than males from intact families or females from intact or divorce families. Further, no evidence was found for the argument that remarriage (step-parenting) may attenuate negative consequences of divorce on college students' development.

The Long‐Term Effects of Parental Divorce in Childhood on Adult Adjustment

Relationships between experiencing a parental divorce or separation prior to age 16 and a variety of measures of adult adjustment and psychological functioning are examined using data from two national cross‐sectional surveys conducted nearly 20 years apart. Although few differences between adults from parentally‐divorced and intact family backgrounds persist when controls for contemporary life circumstances and other social background factors were included, two modest trends are still evident. First, although associations between psychological distress and early experience with parental divorce have weakened somewhat over the past two decades, coming from a non‐intact family of origin still has some significance for adult psychological well‐being. Second, men and women from non‐intact families of origin display different patterns of adjustment to and valuation of the major life roles of spouse and parent. Nevertheless, because such relationships are not very powerful, it is concluded that contrary to much of the literature and popular thought, these early experiences have, at most, a modest effect on adult adjustment.

The effects of parental divorce: experiences of the child in later latency.

This paper discusses the impact of divorce on 31 children in later latency, as observed shortly after the initial parental separation and one year later. The material is part of an on-going clinical study, begun in 1970, of 131 children and adolescents from 60 divorcing families in Northern California.

The effects of parental divorce: experiences of the child in early latency.

This paper discusses the impact of divorce on 26 children in early latency, as observed shortly after the initial parental separation and one year later. The material is part of a larger clinical study, begun in 1970, of 131 children and adolescents from 60 divorcing families.

The Effects of Parental Divorce: Experiences of the Preschool Child

The Effects of Parental Divorce: Experiences of the Preschool Child