Effect Of Orientation Research Articles

Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Outdoor Wind Environment in High-Rise Buildings Zone of Xuzhou City

High-rise developments frequently exert adverse impacts on the outdoor wind environment, leading to a deterioration in the overall quality of urban surroundings and a reduction in the comfort levels of residents. This study systematically investigates typical high-rise settlements in Xuzhou City and proposes optimization strategies to address wind environment issues through an in-depth analysis of building planning parameters. Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, the research identifies key wind-related challenges associated with high-rise buildings in representative settlements. The study comprehensively examines the effects of building height, width, orientation, spacing, and layout on the outdoor wind field, progressing from individual building units to clusters. Based on these findings, optimization strategies are formulated and validated through CFD simulations conducted on a representative high-rise settlement in Xuzhou. The results reveal that typical high-rise buildings in Xuzhou exhibit a height of 54 m, a width of 48 m, and an orientation ranging from 15° to 30° southeast. The front-to-rear building spacing is approximately 1.44 times the building height, with an additional 15 m spacing from mountain walls. Optimal wind conditions are achieved with a center-vacant building layout. The optimization of building form, spacing, and orientation substantially improves the outdoor wind environment by alleviating stagnant wind zones and reducing wind pressure differentials between the building fronts and rears, thereby enhancing the comfort of residents. This study provides a valuable reference for the planning and design of high-rise settlements, contributing to an improvement in urban environmental quality and the enhancement of livability.

Effect of ply orientation on impact resistance of woven GFRP composites subjected to projectile impact

Effect of ply orientation on impact resistance of woven GFRP composites subjected to projectile impact

Orientation-Dependent Anisotropic Desalination by Assembled Zeolite Nanotube Membranes.

Porous nanomaterials have shown great promise in many desalination applications. Zeolite nanotubes, featuring abundant but inhomogeneous nanopores on their surface, have been recently synthesized in experiments; however, their capacity for desalination is not yet understood. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the capability of assembled zeolite nanotube membranes to perform in desalination applications due to their inherent multiscale porous properties. Two different membrane assemblies are examined to determine the effect of membrane orientation on desalination performance. Interestingly, we find that zeolite nanotube membranes present anisotropic desalination behavior, which is directly dependent on the assembled orientation of the zeolite nanotubes. Specifically, directing the transport through the axial channels of the nanotubes results in a water permeability of 59.8 L/cm2/day/MPa and 88% ion rejection. However, when the membrane is rotated 90° and the flow is directed perpendicular to the tube axis, the permeability drops to 22.3 L/cm2/day/MPa, but 100% ion rejection is achieved. This difference is attributed to the multiscale pore dimensions of the zeolite nanotube; that is, they possess large pores (a diameter of 3 nm) along the axial channel direction, but smaller pores (a diameter of 0.25 nm) along the direction perpendicular to the tube axis. The ion rejection capabilities are further verified by quantifying the free energy barriers to transport obtained via umbrella sampling simulations. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the orientation-dependent, anisotropic desalination performance in assembled zeolite nanotube membranes for the first time, which could be useful in designing future advanced desalination membranes.

Tuning dielectric properties in metal-doped NiO nanoparticles

Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs), doped with manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co) at concentrations up to 8%, were synthesized using the composite hydroxide method (CHM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a cubic NiO structure, with no additional peaks detected, indicating successful doping. The average crystallite size was determined to range from 15 to 17.8 nm, depending on the dopant concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed mostly spherical, agglomerated particles, likely due to magnetic interactions. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the incorporation of Mn and Co into the NiO lattice, consistent with the XRD results. The dielectric properties exhibited a high dielectric constant at low frequencies, which can be attributed to ion jump orientation and space charge effects. The imaginary part of the dielectric constant decreased with increasing frequency, as it became harder for electrons to align with the alternating field at higher frequencies. Both the real and imaginary dielectric constants showed behavior consistent with Koop’s theory, increasing at low frequencies and decreasing at higher frequencies. Dielectric loss was primarily attributed to dipole flipping and charge migration. AC conductivity increased with frequency, and exhibited higher conductivity at high frequencies due to small polaron hopping. These co-doped NPs show potential for applications in solid oxide fuel cells.

Effect of Load Vector Orientation on Uniaxial Compressive Strength of 3D Photoresin

Rapid prototyping has a wide range of applications across various fields, both in industry and for private use. It enables the production of individual parts in a short time, independent of supply chains, which is particularly important in remote locations. Among all 3D printing technologies, stereolithography using photo resins is the most accessible and offers the highest printing quality. However, the strength properties of parts made from photo resins remain a critical concern. In this study, we conducted experimental research to investigate the effect of load vector orientation under uniaxial compression on the elastic and mechanical properties of 3D-printed cylindrical samples. The results revealed that samples with layers oriented at 60° to the load vector exhibited the highest strength, while those with layers at 30° to the load vector showed the lowest strength. Samples with layers aligned parallel or perpendicular to the load vector demonstrated similar strength properties. Under quasi-elastic loading, samples with layers parallel to the load vector exhibited the highest Young’s modulus and the lowest Poisson’s ratio. Conversely, samples with layers oriented at 30° to the load vector displayed the highest Poisson’s ratio. Microstructural analysis revealed that the anisotropy in the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed samples is attributed to the layered, heterogeneous structure of the photoresin, which exhibits varying degrees of polymerization along the printing axes. The upper part of each layer, with a lower degree of polymerization, contributes to the ductile behavior of the samples under shear stresses. In contrast, the lower part of the layer, with a higher degree of polymerization, leads to brittle behavior in the samples.

Effect of Green Entrepreneurial Orientation and Absorptive Capacity on Green Innovation and Environmental Orientation Among Educated Gen Z’s in Europe

The study evaluates the interest of business-educated Gen Z in pursuing careers in various industries and their potential to accelerate Green Innovation (GI). It specifically focuses on Gen Z in Europe, who are business-educated and pursuing their career in different industry sectors, and aiming to address climate change and sustainable practices. By adopting Green Entrepreneurial Orientation (GEO) and building Absorptive Capacity (AC), companies can significantly contribute to improving Environmental Orientation (EO) by appealing to Gen Z—their future employees and customers. The study aims to survey 280 business-educated Gen Z people in Europe. The findings of the study show that the relationship between absorptive capacity and environmental orientation is not always significant, and the impact can be negligible, specifically when the firms have a low commitment to environmental strategies and have a limited strategic emphasis on sustainable practices. The study aims to encourage innovation and sustainable growth among firms, opening the door to a more sustainable future and attracting goodwill from environmentally oriented Generation Z. The publication/article presents the results of the project financed from the subsidy granted to the Krakow University of Economics.

Exploring the impact of entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation on entrepreneurial performance in the context of environmental uncertainty

In the current complex economic environment, entrepreneurial enterprises, as a crucial force in China’s economic transformation, have vital survival and development strategies. This study is grounded in resource-based theory, integrating strategic management and contingency theories. It establishes a theoretical model based on the influence pathway of “entrepreneurial orientation—market orientation—entrepreneurial performance”, incorporating environmental uncertainty as a moderating variable. The research focuses on entrepreneurial enterprises in the industrial, agricultural, and service sectors, specifically those established within the last 8 years. Through empirical analysis of 303 samples from Hubei Province, China, it is found that entrepreneurial orientation actively promotes market orientation and positively impacts entrepreneurial performance through market orientation. Environmental uncertainty plays a dual role in this process by enhancing the positive effects of entrepreneurial orientation on market orientation and entrepreneurial performance, while weakening the direct effect of market orientation on entrepreneurial performance. This suggests that in uncertain environments, entrepreneurial enterprises need to strengthen entrepreneurial orientation to adapt flexibly to market changes, while considering various strategic factors to enhance performance. This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for entrepreneurial enterprises in turbulent markets in strategic decision-making.

Effects of environmental orientation and environmental knowledge on the willingness to reduce plastic waste among Gen Z in Indonesia and Thailand

The purpose of this study is to explore the willingness to reduce plastic waste analyzing the effect of environmental orientation and environmental knowledge. The analysis was conducted at three universities, with respondents being 430 students who are categorized as Gen Z. The universities involved are State University of Surabaya, State Polytechnic of Malang, Indonesia, and College of Local Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Using path analysis, the paper revealed that environmental orientation and environmental knowledge significantly influence the willingness to reduce plastic waste. All variables used in the research model are significant for both the outer and inner models. This study confirms a positive and significant influence on the relationship between independent variables, as well as between independent and dependent variables. All relationships produce T statistic > T table (1.96). Environmental knowledge is positively and significantly influenced by environmental orientation by 32% (TStat = 3.535), willingness to reduce plastic waste (TStat = 6.874) is influenced by environmental orientation by 50%, and willingness to reduce plastic waste (TStat = 5.454) is influenced by environmental knowledge by 41%. The findings of this study are important, considering that Gen Z will be decision-makers not only for personal interests in their consumption behavior but also for Gen Z’s position as policymakers in the future.

Geometry optimization of auxetic honeycomb and dynamic analysis of sandwich plate and shell panels with variable stiffness composite laminates

In the present investigation, the fiber orientations and geometric parameters of the sandwich plate and shell panels with auxetic honeycomb core and curvilinear fiber-reinforced facesheets are optimized for the maximum fundamental frequency. The dynamic analysis is carried out considering a higher-order shear deformation theory and employing a C0 eight-noded isoparametric element with nine degrees of freedom per node. The artificial bee colony algorithm is used to optimize different parameters of the auxetic core of the sandwich panel. The mechanical properties of the original material and the geometrical features of the unit cells are used to determine the mechanical properties of the auxetic core. The effects of fiber orientations, and geometric parameters like rib thickness, inclined cell angle, vertical cell rib length, and inclined cell rib length of the core on maximizing fundamental frequency parameters of the panels are investigated. It is evident from the present study that the natural frequency of the panels can be altered without changing their plan dimensions and mass by suitably altering the geometric parameters of the auxetic honeycomb core. The analysis is extended for the different ratios of the density of facesheets and auxetic core materials. The analysis is carried out for three and five-layer sandwich panels with different facesheet-auxetic core arrangements and boundary conditions. For five layered auxetic honeycomb sandwich plates and shell panels, the non-dimensional fundamental frequency is observed to be lower for sandwich with alternate facesheet-core arrangement i.e., three facesheets and two core layers, compared to that of a single core at the middle. The non-dimensional frequency parameter is also found to be sensitive to geometry parameters of auxetic core and fiber angles of the facesheets.

The influence of body orientation on length judgements.

Perceiving the size of a visual object requires the combination of various sources of visual information. A recent paper by Kim et al. (Body Orientation Affects the Perceived Size of Objects. Perception 2022, 51: 25-36) concluded that body orientation played a substantial role. The present paper aims to answer the question of whether the reported effect of body orientation on visuo-haptic size matching was due to effects on the visual or the haptic judgements of size. To do so, we used a within-participant design combining an experiment using visuo-haptic size matching with two experiments that assessed the visual and haptic size-percept using free magnitude estimation. Our experiments produced a systematic visuo-haptic mismatch, but the sign of the mismatch was opposite to that of the original study. Moreover, our study did not reveal a systematic effect of body orientation on this mismatch. Thirdly, we found that the mismatch we determined from participants matching a visual and haptic percept was considerably smaller than the mismatch we derived from their visual and haptic size estimates. In summary, our results emphasise that conclusions about the perceived size of objects are very sensitive to details of the experimental approach.

Orientation effect and locational variation in elastic-plastic compressive properties of bovine cortical bone.

Bone is a highly heterogeneous and anisotropic material with a hierarchical structure. The effect of diaphysis locations and directions of loading on elastic-plastic compressive properties of bovine femoral cortical bone was examined in this study. The impact of location and loading directions on elastic-plastic compressive properties of cortical bone was found to be statistically insignificant in this study. The variances of most of the compressive properties were also observed to be location and directionality independent except for the locational differences in modulus of resilience (distal to central for longitudinal loading) and plastic work (central to distal for transverse loading) as well as differences in variances of the modulus of resilience and elastic modulus values for two directions of loading. The micro-mechanisms of cortical bone failure for longitudinal and transverse directions of loading were considered to be responsible for the difference in variances in the later properties values as well as for the maximum and minimum coefficient of variation (CV) obtained for compressive properties in two directions of loading. The representative cubical volume at the tested hierarchical level contained all unique microstructural features of the plexiform bone and therefore produced the homogeneous and isotropic elastic-plastic compressive properties of cortical bone. It is expected that the outcome of this study may be helpful in the area of bone tissue engineering and finite element simulation of cortical bone.

Effect of fibers orientation on the health monitoring of multi-layers composite material

Effect of fibers orientation on the health monitoring of multi-layers composite material

Comprehending the effect of printing orientation on the mechanical performance of polyamide-reinforced carbon fibre composites

Comprehending the effect of printing orientation on the mechanical performance of polyamide-reinforced carbon fibre composites

Mechanical Characterization and Computational Analysis of TPU 60A: Integrating Experimental Testing and Simulation for Performance Optimization

This study investigates the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) 60A, which is a flexible material that can be used to produce soft robotic grippers using additive manufacturing. Tensile tests were conducted under ISO 37 and ISO 527 standards to assess the effects of different printing orientations (0°, 45°, −45°, 90°, and quasi-isotropic) and test speeds (2 mm/min, 20 mm/min, and 200 mm/min) on the material’s performance. While the printing orientations at 0° and quasi-isotropic provided similar performance, the quasi-isotropic orientation demonstrated the most balanced mechanical behavior, establishing it as the optimal choice for robust and predictable performance, particularly for computational simulations. TPU 60A’s flexibility further emphasizes its suitability for handling delicate objects in industrial and agricultural applications, where damage prevention is critical. Computational simulations using the finite element method were conducted. To verify the accuracy of the models, a comparison was made between the average stresses of the tensile test and the computational predictions. The relative errors of force and displacement are lower than 5%. So, the constitutive model can accurately represent the material’s mechanical behavior, making it suitable for computational simulations with this material. The analysis of strain rates provided valuable insights into optimizing production processes for enhanced mechanical strength. The study highlights the importance of tailored printing parameters to achieve mechanical uniformity, suggesting improvements such as biaxial testing and G-code optimization for variable thickness deposition. Overall, the research study offers comprehensive guidelines for future design and manufacturing techniques in soft robotics.

Target interception in virtual reality is better for natural versus unnatural trajectory shapes and orientations.

Human performance in perceptual and visuomotor tasks is enhanced when stimulus motion follows the laws of gravitational physics, including acceleration consistent with Earth's gravity, g. Here we used a manual interception task in virtual reality to investigate the effects of trajectory shape and orientation on interception timing and accuracy. Participants punched to intercept a ball moving along one of four trajectories that varied in shape (parabola or tent) and orientation (upright or inverted). We also varied the location of visual fixation such that trajectories fell entirely within the lower or upper visual field. Reaction times were faster for more natural shapes and orientations, regardless of visual field. Overall accuracy was poorer and movement time was longer for the inverted tent condition than the other three conditions, perhaps because it was imperfectly reminiscent of a bouncing ball. A detailed analysis of spatial errors revealed that interception endpoints were more likely to fall along the path of the final trajectory in upright vs. inverted conditions, suggesting stronger expectations regarding the final trajectory direction for these conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that the naturalness of the shape and orientation of a trajectory contributes to performance in a virtual interception task.

The effects of environmental sustainability orientation on the sustainable performance, the mediating role of green supply chain management and moderating role of environmental collaboration: Evidence from Algeria

The purpose of this study is to investigate the direct effects of environmental sustainability orientation (ESO) on green supply chain management (GSCM), ESO on sustainable performance (SP), and GSCM on sustainable performance (SP). It also examines the indirect effect of GSCM on SP through the mediating role of GSCM. Moreover, it tests the moderating role of environmental collaboration (EC) between GSCM and SP. A total of 155 survey questionnaires were collected from firms with ISO 14000 certification in the manufacturing sector in Algeria. The gathered data was examined using (PLS-SEM) model. The findings showed positive effects between ESO, GSCM, and SP. However, no such effect was detected for the moderating role of environmental collaboration on the links between GSCM and SP. The limitation of this study was the use of only firms with ISO 14000 certification, so future studies should consider a wider range of firms and different scales. Regarding environmental problems, firms in Algeria can apply ESO and GSCM to achieve sustainable performance.

Heat transfer analysis of the flat plate heat pipe − like system with ordered porous wick structure: Effect of gravitational orientation

Heat transfer analysis of the flat plate heat pipe − like system with ordered porous wick structure: Effect of gravitational orientation

Effect of SiO2 monocrystalline substrate orientation on the crystal structure and properties of VO2 film

The VO2 films were deposited on the AT-, X-, Y- and Z-SiO2 monocrystalline substrates with the magnetron sputtering. The effects of the substrate crystal planes, (011), (2—10), (100) or (001), on the crystal structure, surface morphology, optical properties and phase transformation characteristics of the VO2 film were investigated. The crystal structure differences among the VO2 films deposited on the four substrates were attributed to the lattice mismatch between the SiO2 monocrystalline substrate and the VO2 film, which led to the generation of internal stress within the VO2 film, causing the VO2 to present a diversity of crystal plane and phase at the interface. Among them, the VO2 film exhibited the M-phase on the AT- and X-SiO2 substrates, while a mixture of the M-phase and the R-phase on the Z- and Y-SiO2 substrates. The complex crystal structure resulted in the various surface morphologies, the VO2 particles on the Z- and Y-SiO2 substrates presented a smaller size and gap, as well as a more uniform distribution than those on the AT- and X-SiO2 substrates. All the VO2 films exhibited the metal-insulator phase transition during both the thermal cycling and the laser irradiation cycling processes. The Z-SiO2 substrate had a positive effect on the phase transition performance of the VO2 film, which got a thermochromic phase transition threshold of 64.62 ℃ and an infrared switching ratio of 78.99% at the wavelength of 2500nm. And its photoinduced phase transition threshold was 36.43W/cm², and its infrared switching ratio reached 59.00% under the 1989 nm laser irradiation.

Remarkable increase in electrochemiluminescence of isomeric bipyridine-based covalent organic frameworks via regulating the direction of imine linkage for sensing application.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with highly ordered structures and predictable optoelectronic properties provide an ideal platform to investigate the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performance based on organic materials by atomically varying the molecular construction. Herein, the effect of imine-bond orientation on the ECL performance of COFs is investigated. We report two COFs (NC-COFPy-Bpy and CN-COFPy-Bpy) with different orientations of imine bonds using pyrene donor units (D) and bipyridine acceptor motifs (A) monomers. The direction of the imine linkage (carbon of imine bonds as the D unit and nitrogen as the A unit) in NC-COFPy-Bpy oppose to the direction of donor and acceptor charge transfer between the molecular motifs. In contrast, CN-COFPy-Bpy is in the same direction (D-A type imine COFs). However, the NC-COFPy-Bpy demonstrates a superior ECL performance with 22.4-fold enhancement in ECL intensity compared to CN-COFPy-Bpy, due to the effective separation of the highest and lowest occupied molecular orbitals to facilitate intramolecular charge transfer (IRCT) for strong ECL. Moreover, the ECL intensity of NC-COFPy-Bpy remains higher stability than CN-COFPy-Bpy at low-excited positive potential with tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) as the coreactant. The experimental and modeling investigation indicate that the bimodal ECL patterns of NC-COFPy-Bpy were derived from the competitive oxidation mechanism of IRCT regulated: the co-reactant-mediated oxidation at lower potential and the direct oxidation at higher potential, but the CN-COFPy-Bpy only has a co-reactant pathway. Notably, the NC-COFPy-Bpy can be used to construct an ECL sensor for sensitive detection of doxorubicin (DOX). This research provides a protocol for the molecular design of COFs as ECL emitters with atomically regulated charge transfer direction in D-A systems.

Physical-mechanical properties and accuracy of additively manufactured resin denture bases: Impact of printing orientation.

This systematic review evaluated the effect of different printing orientations on the physical-mechanical properties and accuracy of resin denture bases and related specimens. Utilizing PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases was conducted until June 2024. Included studies examined the accuracy, volumetric changes, and mechanical or physical properties of 3D-printed denture bases in various orientations. Studies without relevant data were excluded. Bias risk was assessed using a modified CONSORT checklist. This review included 24 studies on 3D-printed denture base resins, mainly based on stereolithography and digital light processing. Horizontal orientation (0°) generally enhanced flexural strength, while tilted and vertical orientations (90°) reduced it. Microhardness results varied due to differences in materials, layer thicknesses, and post-curing. Surface roughness was highest at 45°. Vertical orientation uses less material but is less time-efficient. Microbial adhesion, influenced by surface roughness, varied with printing orientation without a clear consensus on the optimal direction. Printing orientation significantly impacts the physical and mechanical properties and accuracy of 3D-printed resin dentures. A horizontal orientation (0°) improved flexural strength, while accuracy and adaptability were better at 45° and 90°. Surface roughness, translucency, and chemical stability are also affected by orientation, post-curing, and material choice. Although a 90° orientation reduces material use, it increases printing time. Standardized study designs are recommended for drawing definitive conclusions in future research.