Effect Of Orientation Research Articles

Effect of bolt size and fibre orientation on the bearing performance of resin-infused thermoplastic and thermoset 3D woven composite double-lap joints

Effect of bolt size and fibre orientation on the bearing performance of resin-infused thermoplastic and thermoset 3D woven composite double-lap joints

Effect of surface orientation on the corrosion behavior of Ni-based single-crystal alloy in a simulated marine atmosphere at 750 °C

DD5 single-crystal alloy samples with different surface orientations were obtained by machining the alloy ingot perpendicular (PP) and parallel (P), respectively, to its solidification direction (SD). The corrosion behaviors of the PPSD and PSD alloy samples were investigated in the atmosphere of moist air + NaCl aerosol at 750 °C. Results showed that during initial corrosion, γ′ phase developed a thin NiO layer with Al internal corrosion product. However, a NiO nodule with an internal Cr2O3 layer was formed on γ phase. As corrosion progressed, the corrosion product gradually grew to a NiO/(Al, Cr)2O3 bilayer, accompanied by internal corrosion consisting of Al2O3. It was also found that the PSD sample with a lower fraction and smaller size of γ’ phases exhibited better corrosion resistance than the PPSD sample. The effect of alloy surface orientation on the corrosion mechanism was discussed.

Moderating Role of Social Value Orientation on the Relationship between Tax Service Quality and Tax Compliance among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the North Rift Economic Bloc, Kenya

Tax revenues are crucial for government operations, providing essential economic, social, and political benefits. However, tax noncompliance by individuals and businesses can undermine these benefits by reducing government revenue and compromising the tax system’s fairness and effectiveness. As such, improving taxpayer compliance is a key government priority. This study examines the conditional effect of social value orientation on the relationship between tax service quality and tax compliance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya. Guided by a positivist philosophy and explanatory design, the study sampled 393 SMEs owners/managers from a population of 21,232 through stratified sampling. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, with reliability and validity confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha and factor analysis. The analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics and multiple regression analyses using the Andrew Hayes Process macro. Findings indicated that both tax service quality (β =.541, p<0.01) and social value orientation (β = 0.333, p < 0.01) significantly and positively affect tax compliance. Additionally, social value orientation significantly moderates the relationship between tax service quality and tax compliance (β = 0.5059, p < 0.01, R2 = 0.0774). The study concludes that high-quality tax service and consideration for social values of the taxpayer are crucial for improving the compliance level of SMEs. Governments encourage greater compliance by providing efficient, user-friendly, and transparent services, as well as through the inclusion of social values in policy and program design. Future research should explore other factors influencing compliance through a mixed-method approach.

Assessing the Effect of Head and Neck Orientation on Head Injury Parameters in Taekwondo

Background: Brain injuries may be caused by the linear and rotational acceleration of the head and neck; in fact, head and neck orientation are one of the factors determining the type and severity of brain injury when the impact delivered to head is a less important consideration. This investigation has analyzed the effect of head and neck orientation on linear and rotational acceleration in Taekwondo. Methods: The ADAMS software model has been used to determine the linear and rotational acceleration in the taekwondo roundhouse kick in various orientations. Results: The results revealed that the maximum linear and rotational acceleration was related to neck 0° were 99g, and 4576 , respectively. The head and neck orientation did not affect the magnitude of the linear and rotational acceleration in the sagittal plane. However, as the angle of the head and neck orientation increased in the frontal plane, the magnitude of the linear and rotational acceleration decreased. Conclusion: In general, the results indicate that only rotational acceleration was the cause of brain injury in taekwondo. Increasing the angle of orientation of the head and neck in frontal plane would lead to a reduction in intensity.

Effect of Row Orientation on Productivity Of Sugarcane With Potato as Intercrop

An experiment was carried out at the Regional Sugarcrop Research Station (RSRS) farm, Thakurgaon under the agro-ecological zone of Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ-1) of Bangladesh, during 2016-2017 to 2017-2018 cropping seasons to evaluate the impact of row orientation on the productivity of sugarcane with potato as intercrop. Under the study eight treatments viz T1: Single row cane (SRC) only in north-south direction, T2: SRC + potato in North-South direction, T3: SRC only in east-west direction, T4: SRC + potato in east-west direction,T5: Paired row cane (PRC) only in North-South direction, T6: PRC + potato in north-south direction, T7: PRC only in east-west direction and T8: PRC + potato in east-west direction were tested following Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications Significant differences were found among the observed parameters except germination (%) of setts, number of internodes per stalk and unit stalk weight of sugarcane. The highest number of tiller and millable cane population, cane yield and brix reading were achieved from the treatment SRC + potato in the North-South direction. The highest intercrop yield, equivalent cane yield of intercrop, total adjusted yield and gross return were obtained from the treatment PRC + potato in north-south direction, but the highest net return and benefit cost ratio were obtained from the treatment SRC + potato in the North-South direction. Having the highest cane yield, net return and benefit cost ratio with less variable cost, sugarcane planting in a single row system with potato as intercrop in a North-South row direction could be considered the best package practice for successful sugarcane farming. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2024, 26(2): 7-15

Effect of eutectic microstructure on load transfer and creep resistance in Al-Ce alloys

This study investigates the compressive creep response of hypo- and near-eutectic Al-Ce alloys via finite-element modeling (FEM), by considering the composite response of a weak, fast-creeping Al matrix containing slow-creeping Al11Ce3 eutectic reinforcement. In the as-cast microstructure of an eutectic Al-12.5 wt%Ce alloy, the Al11Ce3 eutectic phase is lamellar, regardless of the various cross-sectional geometries (Chinese-script, fish-bone, and comb-like). FEM models based on these various lamellar microstructures investigate the effect of Al11Ce3 reinforcement volume fraction, orientation, and geometry on load transfer performance between matrix and reinforcement during creep deformation. FEM predicts that, when the lamellar Al11Ce3 phase is continuous along the loading direction (where load transfer is most effective), the creep resistance of the alloy is barely affected by cross-sectional geometry of the Al11Ce3 reinforcement or by the solid-solution strengthening of the Al matrix, at constant Al11Ce3 volume fraction. However, alloy creep resistance and load transfer between phases are significantly reduced when applying load parallel to aligned, discontinuous lamellae, and they can be improved by matrix solid-solution strengthening. Furthermore, Al11Ce3 short plates (as created in Al-12.5Ce by coarsening of lamellae upon over-aging at 590 °C/24 h) provide the least creep resistance and load transfer. Lastly, multi-colony FEM models are created by combining colonies with various lamellar orientations to approximate the creep performance of polycrystalline hypo- and near-eutectic alloys which, when compared to experimental data for hypoeutectic Al-7Ce and for near-eutectic Al-(10–13)Ce, provide better predictions than single-colony FEM models or analytical solutions.

Effects of strategic value orientation on personal data privacy, value in use and organizational reputation

Effects of strategic value orientation on personal data privacy, value in use and organizational reputation

Control of crystal orientation for enhanced triboelectric nanogenerator design

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown promise in converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and are gaining attention in energy harvesting for self-powered sensors. Although extensive strategies have been explored to enhance TENG performance through new materials development and chemical/physical modification, the influence of crystal orientation has been mostly overlooked. In this work, we investigated the effect of crystal orientation on TENG output using [012] and [001]-oriented single crystalline alumina as a triboelectric material. Our comprehensive characterization and analysis show that the [001]-oriented alumina is a more positive triboelectric material than the [012]-oriented alumina. We also analyzed the root cause of the enhanced TENG performance. Our findings emphasize the importance of crystal orientation in TENG design and provide insights into the underlying mechanism governing this triboelectrification effect.

Effect of Infill Patterns and Print Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Manufactured Polylactic Acid Parts

Effect of Infill Patterns and Print Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Manufactured Polylactic Acid Parts

Thermal conductivity of 3D-printed block-copolymer-inspired structures

This study primarily focuses on examining the impact that geometric structure has on thermal conductivity of multi-phase constructs in different 3D-printed poly(lactic acid), PLA, samples. The investigated structures are inspired by morphologies formed by diblock copolymers: lamellae, hexagonally packed cylinders, and gyroid. This research also investigates how volume percentage and material combination influence the thermal conductivity of these structures. The samples can be tailored to simulate various thermal management structures observed in practical applications, such as thermal interface materials in electronic devices. Thermal conductivity ratio is controlled using air, the least conductive material at 0.026 W/(m K), PLA at 0.136 W/(m K), and thermal paste at 5.11 W/(m K). Different models were tested against thermal conductivity measurements in order to capture the effect of material type (PLA-Air versus PLA-Thermal Paste), volume percentage, structure, and orientation. Simple, effective medium models were good predictions of thermal conductivity in lamellar structures, but it was necessary to develop models for conduction through cylindrical and gyroid structures. Finally, all results were normalized to find a universal model that is independent of structure and material. This approach provides a simple method to predict how to reduce or enhance transport properties and heat management capabilities of 3D printed objects.

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Market Orientation on Marketing Performance through Competitive Advantage

This study aims to determine the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation on marketing performance through competitive advantage. Respondents in this study were the perpetrators of fries onion IKM, which totals to 35 respondents. The sampling technique is saturated sampling. The path method was employed for the data analysis and the type of research is quantitative method using SPSS 23.0 program. The study result showed that: There is a positive and significant influence of entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage, there is a positive and insignificant impact of market orientation on competitive advantage, there is a positive and significant influence of entrepreneurial orientation on marketing performance, there is a positive and insignificant effect of market orientation on marketing performance, there is no impact of competitive advantageon marketing performance, there is no mediating effect among entrepreneurial orientation on marketing performance using competitive advantage, there is no mediating impact among market orientation on marketing performance using competitive advantage.

Orientation-Dependent Photocatalysis of Imine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks Based on Thienothiophenes for Oxidation of Amines to Imines.

Toward visible light photocatalysis, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently garnered growing attention. The effect of different orientations of imine of imine-linked COFs on photocatalysis should be elucidated. Here, two COFs are developed with 2,5-diphenylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DPTT) and 1,3,6,8-tetraphenylpyrene (Py) linked by imine, affording DPTT-Py-COF and Py-DPTT-COF, respectively. Distinctly, DPTT-Py-COF and Py-DPTT-COF have high crystallinity and porosity, paving the way to highly efficient photocatalysis. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that both DPTT-Py-COF and Py-DPTT-COF are of similar bandgaps but of varied energy positions due to the different orientations of imine. Besides, characterizations disclose that DPTT-Py-COF delivers more enhanced charge separation and transfer than Py-DPTT-COF. Probed by the oxidation of amine to imine, DPTT-Py-COF exhibits a blue light photocatalytic performance superior to that of Py-DPTT-COF. DPTT-Py-COF, a highly recyclable photocatalyst, enables the oxidation of various amines to imines with oxygen. This work highlights that tuning the microenvironment of COFs unravels tenable performances in photocatalysis.

Impact of entrepreneurial orientation, marketing capability, and market orientation on business sustainability and corporate reputation

This research aimed to explore the effect of market orientation, marketing capability, and entrepreneurial orientation on business sustainability and corporate reputation in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). It also aimed to test the mediating effect of business sustainability between the stated factors and corporate reputation. The required data was obtained from employees of various SMEs in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) through a survey method. Structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for data analysis in order to test the hypotheses and reach at conclusions. The analysis confirmed that entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation have significant effects on business sustainability and corporate reputation. It was also found that marketing capability plays a key role in affecting business sustainability and corporate reputation. Lastly, the results revealed that business sustainability mediates the relationship among the selected factors and corporate reputation. The findings contribute to the existing empirical research on this topic and suggest that SMEs’ management should emphasize on these factors in an attempt to ensure the sustainability of their businesses and strengthen their reputations.

Oscillating Heat Pipe Start-up and Flow Characteristics with Water as Working Fluid

Thermal management has grown more and more problematic as electronic components continue to get faster and smaller. One of the passive two-phase cooling systems are Oscillating heat pipe (OHP) that have the capacity to transmit a significant quantity of thermal energy across long distances. Oscillating heat pipe is a device that has the potential to satisfy this developing requirement. An investigation into the effects of orientation, filling ratio, and heat load on the initiation and characteristics of oscillatory motion, combining numerical simulations with experimental validation. A copper tube with a 2 mm inner diameter and a 2 mm wall thickness is used to fabricate the OHP. The condenser, evaporator, and adiabatic sections are designed with lengths of 50 mm, 50 mm, and 150 mm, respectively. Results showed that the onset of oscillation occurs more rapidly with increasing input heat flux values compared to lower heat input conditions. The amplitude variations of the temperature of evaporator raised with the raising of heating power. The curves for the higher heat inputs (60 and 80 watts) appear to have higher average evaporator temperatures throughout the test compared to the 40-watt curve. Oscillation movement in tubes is proportional to charge ratio, and it is observed that it rises as charge ratio increases. It demonstrates that in Closed-loop oscillating heat pipe, a sufficient charge ratio is required to maintain the motion of oscillation.

Influences of fiber orientation and process parameters on diamond wire sawn surface characteristics of 2.5D Cf/SiC composites

2.5D Cf/SiC composite materials are widely used in aerospace high-temperature components, optical system structural components and other fields due to their excellent performance. For the cutting of 2.5D Cf/SiC composites, diamond wire saw cutting process has great potential for application. In this study, experiments were conducted on cutting 2.5D Cf/SiC composites with diamond wire saw along different fiber orientations (P0°, P90°, V90°) and different process parameters. The effects of fiber orientation, feed speed, and wire speed on the surface morphology, surface waviness profile, and roughness of the as-sawn surface were analyzed. The results show that fiber orientation significantly affects the fiber damage mode and surface quality of the as-sawn surface, with the surface quality of the slices ranked as V90°>P0°>P0°. The surface morphology and surface roughness improves with decreasing feed speed and increasing wire speed. However, surface waviness profile peak-valley (PV) values increases with increasing the feed speed and wire speed. The study provides experimental references for process optimization and quality improvement in diamond wire saw cutting of 2.5D Cf/SiC composite materials.

Mechanical, tribological, and corrosion behavior of laser powder-bed fusion 316L stainless steel parts: Effect of build orientation

In this study, 316L stainless steel Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) samples were manufactured under three different building orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°). Mechanical, microstructural, tribological and corrosion resistance properties were analyzed for all samples. The results demonstrate that the build orientation significantly influences the microstructure, resulting in variations in grain size, texture and defect distribution. Specifically, 0° (Horizontal) samples exhibited excellent mechanical properties, including ultimate tensile strength of 784 MPa and a hardness of 292 HV, while the vertical (90°) samples showed enhanced wear resistance, characterized by reduction in the coefficient of friction. Corrosion resistance was found to be highest in the 0° samples, with a corrosion current density of 0.650 μA/cm2, compared to 1.580 μA/cm2 in the 90° samples. The results from this study show the non-linear effects of build orientation for certain properties and indicates that individual studies are not sufficient to predict the performance of LPBF parts. Therefore, combined studies are required for orientation-based optimization of the mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties of LPBF parts. This study offers valuable insights into the relationship between build orientation and material properties, providing a pathway to tailor the properties of LPBF parts for specific applications.

Perceptual sensitivity to changes in interpersonal distance when observing social interactions: The effects of dyad arrangement and orientation.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in how we perceive dyadic interactions between people. It has been proposed that pairs of individuals shown upright and face-to-face recruit a form of configural processing, similar to that engaged by upright faces. This processing is thought to aid the detection and interpretation of social interactions. Dyadic arrangements shown back-to-back or upside-down are not thought to engage configural dyad processing. One of the key advantages conveyed by configural face processing is greater sensitivity to the spatial relationships between facial features when faces are viewed upright, than when viewed upside-down. If upright dyads arranged face-to-face engage similar configural processing that is not engaged by non-facing or inverted dyads, participants should therefore exhibit disproportionate sensitivity to the spatial relations between the constituent actors under these conditions. In four well-powered experiments, we find no evidence for this prediction: Participants exhibited similar levels of sensitivity to changes in interpersonal distance regardless of whether dyads were shown upright or inverted, face-to-face, or back-to-back. In contrast, we observe clear evidence that upright presentation affords greater sensitivity to interfeature spatial relationships (interocular distance) when viewing faces. These results suggest that any configural processing engaged by upright facing dyads likely differs qualitatively from that engaged by upright faces.

Uncovering the thermal conductivity of graphene nanoplatelet composites with interlayers using a Monte Carlo model

Abstract This paper uses Monte Carlo (MC) method to study the thermal conductivity of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) composites. Firstly, a large number of GNPs are randomly set in a representative volume element (RVE). Then, based on the temperature field satisfying the Laplace equation in the matrix, a coated surface (CS) is set up on each GNP surface, and the temperature of CS and GNP are obtained by a Walk-on-Spheres (WoS) method. Finally, the WoS method continues to be applied to calculate the heat flux density of composite materials, further obtaining the thermal conductivity of the composite. We have incorporated the influence of interlayers in the WoS process and pointed out that walk onto the interlayer surface have a very low probability of getting to GNP due to the extremely low thermal conductivity of the interlayer. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental data. The model also studied the effects of size, orientation, and aggregation of GNP on the thermal conductivity of the composite.

Effect of sintering temperature on feature resolution and flexural strength of ceramics fabricated through vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing

PurposeAlthough ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) could be used to fabricate complex, high-resolution parts for diverse, functional applications, one ongoing challenge is optimizing the post-process, particularly sintering, conditions to consistently produce geometrically accurate and mechanically robust parts. This study aims to investigate how sintering temperature affects feature resolution and flexural properties of silica-based parts formed by vat photopolymerization (VPP) AM.Design/methodology/approachTest artifacts were designed to evaluate features of different sizes, shapes and orientations, and three-point bend specimens printed in multiple orientations were used to evaluate mechanical properties. Sintering temperatures were varied between 1000°C and 1300°C.FindingsDeviations from designed dimensions often increased with higher sintering temperatures and/or larger features. Higher sintering temperatures yielded parts with higher strength and lower strain at break. Many features exhibited defects, often dependent on geometry and sintering temperature, highlighting the need for further analysis of debinding and sintering parameters.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time test artifacts have been designed for ceramic VPP. This work also offers insights into the effect of sintering temperature and print orientation on flexural properties. These results provide design guidelines for a particular material, while the methodology outlined for assessing feature resolution and flexural strength is broadly applicable to other ceramics, enabling more predictable part performance when considering the future design and manufacture of complex ceramic parts.

The crack propagation behaviors, microstructure and mechanical properties of T-welded joints for TIGW with crystal plasticity model and XFEM

In view of the significant impact of welding defects on the fracture behaviors involving the strength, stress concentration and bearing capacity of welded joint, etc., the propagation behaviors and mechanical properties of welded joints with porosity and micro crack are deeply investigated using a multiscale method. In this work, a crack nucleation and propagation model based on crystal plasticity theory, combined with the extended finite element method (XFEM), is established for the T-welded joint. The maximum slip on the predominant slip system method is applied to predict the crack propagation path of pores and micro cracks in the weld zone (WZ), and the effect of crystal orientation on crack growth is explored. Then, a continuous model is used to analyze the micro and macro fracture behaviors near the weld under tensile load, combined with the maximum principal stress method. The WZ and heat affected zone (HAZ) are observed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to study the microstructure evolution. Considering grain boundaries, the image information of crystal morphology is processed through binary image analysis for FE modeling. The local mechanical properties testing is carried out using micro-specimens of HAZ and WZ to calibrate the crystal plastic parameters. The results show that the resolved shear stress of the predominant slip system of crack initiation and propagation elements is increased by pore and crack defects. The fracture positions of tensile specimens through numerical simulation are in good agreement with the macroscopic experimental results. It will provide an analysis basis for preventing fracture failure and improving the service performance of thin-walled structures in future.