Effects Of Operating Parameters Research Articles

Laboratory study of the silica removal in water by electro-Fenton method: Effect of operational parameters

The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the removal of silica from water, when using the electro-Fenton (EF) advanced oxidation process. In this laboratory study, tests were carried out varying the following parameters: pH, current density, reaction time, monopolar system vs bipolar system, inter-electrode distance. A percentage removal as high as 95% at near neutral pH was obtained after 40 min operating time using a bipolar arrangement of the electrodes. Desilication was found to increase with the increasing applied current density. Maximum removal of silica was observed at near neutral pH.

Simulation study of reactive distillation process for synthesis of dimethyl maleate

Abstract Conventional dimethyl maleate (DMM) synthesis relies on the use of sulfuric acid as a catalyst which requires water washing and produces a large amount of wastewater that harms the environment. The use of this method is expensive since it involves numerous processes such as neutralization of sulfuric acid, washing with water, distillation etc. and the yield of dimethyl maleate is not very high. Reactive distillation integrates the two important industrial processes such as reaction and distillation into a single unit which shortens the overall process, reduces capital and operating costs, and maintains the reaction in a forward direction to enhance the conversion of maleic anhydride by continuously removing of the products. In this work, simulation study based on experimental investigation of reactive distillation process for the synthesis of dimethyl maleate was carried out using Aspen Plus V11. DZH strong cation exchange resin was used as catalyst for esterification reaction of maleic anhydride with methanol. A reactive section of column was packed with Katapak SP type packing loaded with DZH catalyst while non-reactive sections consist of wire gauze packing. In order to describe a reactive distillation process for synthesis of dimethyl maleate, RAD-FRAC equilibrium stage model was employed. The NRTL activity model and RK equation of state model were selected to describe vapor-liquid equilibrium of the system. The reliability of the developed simulated model was verified by validating the simulation results with the experimental ones. The effect of various design and operating parameters on the conversion of maleic anhydride and purity of dimethyl maleate has been studied. It was found that the optimal condition for RD, were as follow: total number of theoretical stages 17, rectifying stages 3, reactive stages 7, stripping stages 5, reflux ratio 0.25, operating pressure 0.1 MPa, reboiler duty 250 Cal/Sec, feed mole ratio 1:5. Under optimized condition the water formed as a results of esterification reaction was constantly removed from the reactive section of the column to maintain reaction balance, the conversion of maleic anhydride was 99.95 %, purity of dimethyl maleate achieved was 0.997 and the reactive distillation process was feasible to produce dimethyl maleate without any wastewater.

Effects of Cutting Parameters on the Shearing Properties of Oilseed Rape (Brassica Napus L.) Shoots in Harvesting

Highlights Cutting parameters affect the shearing properties of ultimate shear stress and specific shear energy of oilseed rape shoots harvesting. The oilseed rape shoots harvester blade was optimized using a central composite design (CCD) experimental test. The interaction term of blade thickness and oblique angle significantly affect the ultimate shear force and specific shear energy. Provide a reference for designing oilseed rape shoots harvesting machinery. Abstract. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) shoots are used as an edible nutritious and healthy vegetable. However, there is little information for the effects on cutting parameters on the oilseed rape stalk shearing properties to harvest fresh shoots. This study used the single factor method and response surface methodology (RSM) along with central composite design (CCD) to examine the effects of the blade operating and structural parameters, such as the blade loading velocity, the bevel angle, the oblique angle, and the thickness, on the response variables of ultimate shear stress and specific shear energy. The RSM analysis results demonstrated that the interaction term of blade oblique angle and thickness affect the response variables. Optimized operating and geometry parameters for minimizing response variable values were 195 mm min-1 for loading velocity, 16.4° for bevel angle, 16.3° for oblique angle, and 3.2 mm for thickness. Moreover, under these optimal parameters, the ultimate shear stress and specific shear energy were reduced by 31.37% and 40.95%, respectively, compared to the cutting parameters of the prototype harvester. This study concluded that the appropriate cutting parameters could effectively decrease the shear force and energy requirements, which provided a vital basis for designing and developing the cutting device for the oilseed rape shoots harvester. Keywords: Cutting parameters, Oilseed rape shoots, Shearing experimental test, Specific shear energy, Ultimate shear stress.

Exergoeconomic Evaluation of a Cogeneration System Driven by a Natural Gas and Biomass Co-Firing Gas Turbine Combined with a Steam Rankine Cycle, Organic Rankine Cycle, and Absorption Chiller

Considering energy conversion efficiency, pollution emissions, and economic benefits, combining biomass with fossil fuels in power generation facilities is a viable approach to address prevailing energy deficits and environmental challenges. This research aimed to investigate the thermodynamic and exergoeconomic performance of a novel power and cooling cogeneration system based on a natural gas–biomass dual fuel gas turbine (DFGT). In this system, a steam Rankine cycle (SRC), a single-effect absorption chiller (SEAC), and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) are employed as bottoming cycles for the waste heat cascade utilization of the DFGT. The effects of main operating parameters on the performance criteria are examined, and multi-objective optimization is accomplished with a genetic algorithm using exergy efficiency and the sum unit cost of the product (SUCP) as the objective functions. The results demonstrate the higher energy utilization efficiency of the proposed system with the thermal and exergy efficiencies of 75.69% and 41.76%, respectively, while the SUCP is 13.37 $/GJ. The exergy analysis reveals that the combustion chamber takes the largest proportion of the exergy destruction rate. The parametric analysis shows that the thermal and exergy efficiencies, as well as the SUCP, rise with the increase in the gas turbine inlet temperature or with the decrease in the preheated air temperature. Higher exergy efficiency and lower SUCP could be obtained by increasing the SRC turbine inlet pressure or decreasing the SRC condensation temperature. Finally, optimization results indicate that the system with an optimum solution yields 0.3% higher exergy efficiency and 2.8% lower SUCP compared with the base case.

Experimental investigation the effect of different operating parameters and optimized the water-based PVT system for domestic applications

Sustainable clean energy is one of the basic elements to combating climate change and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system simultaneously produces electricity and heat that is one of the attractive options for sustainable clean energy. Experimental investigations have been conducted to optimize water-based PVT system to provide domestic hot water. The monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar module are used to investigate the effect of different parameters on the PVT performance in the tropical climate at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The water flowrate had minimal effects on cell temperature but greatly impacted on thermal efficiency and outlet water temperature. A flow rate of 0.5 LPM achieved the optimum performance with a maximum thermal efficiency and outlet water temperature of 67.4 % and 45.8 °C, respectively. The PVT system was more effective at solar irradiation of 500 W/m2 and above. One panel of effective area 0.78 m2 was found to be sufficient to supply hot water for 3-member household and save about 100 % of energy used for water heating. These findings can be used to guide the design and optimization of PVT systems for domestic hot water supply.

The Power of Reference Electrodes in AEM Electrolysis

The use of reference electrodes is a powerful diagnostic tool to determine the overpotentials associated with oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction. Yet, the use of reference electrodes in flow cells is still uncommon and provides several challenges especially related to the stability of the potential of the reference electrode. This study investigates the use of a reference electrode in a well-performing iridium-free AEM flow cell with a cell potential of <1.8 V @ 1.5 A cm-2. The reference electrode consists of electrically insulating foil with two platinum wire electrodes on one side as shown in Figure 1(left). A small micro-current is passed through the platinum wires to maintain hydrogen coverage on the reference electrode to establish equilibrium cell potential. The use of the reference electrode shows that the platinum-ruthenium cathode performs particularly well with an overpotential of <0.1 V @ 0.2 A cm-2.The reference electrode also is useful for the study of cell degradation. One of the major challenges of coupling electrolyzer directly to renewables are reverse currents flowing after shutdown in alkaline and AEM electrolyzers [1]. In this study, polarities were reversed to simulate these reverse currents. This lead to a significant increase in cell potential. It is clearly evident from Figure 1(right) that the cathode overpotentials increased significantly after this reverse current application, thereby indicating that the platinum-ruthenium cathode is vulnerable to reverse currents.[1]Ashraf Haleem et al, Effects of operation and shutdown parameters and electrode materials on the reverse current phenomenon in alkaline water analyzers, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 535, 2022, 231454, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231454 Figure 1

Ammonia as an Energy Carrier for Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage

An emerging energy carrier, ammonia (NH3), has attracted ever-increasing attention due to its high hydrogen content (17.65 wt. %) and its ease of storage, transportation, and handling [1,2]. This work aims to investigate the feasibility of utilizing ammonia as an energy carrier for intermittent renewable energy conversion and storage via an electrochemical flow cell, which includes two independent electrocatalytic processes (Fig. 1): ammonia production via nitrogen reduction and electricity generation via ammonia oxidation [3,4]. Firstly, the effects of structural design and operating parameters on the flow cell performance are investigated. Our preliminary results have shown that the ammonia yield reaches 27.9 μg h−1 mg−1 and the power density reaches 20.7 mW cm-2. Secondly, an in-depth analysis and discussion on the simultaneous transport of mass and charge through the flow cell are conducted. Thirdly, a techno-economic assessment for using ammonia as an energy carrier is performed. These research findings will provide crucial insights into the utilization of ammonia as an energy carrier for renewable energy conversion and storage.AcknowledgementThis work was fully supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 52022003)References[1] Y. Zhao, B.P. Setzler, J. Wang, J. Nash, T. Wang, B. Xu, Y. Yan, An efficient direct ammonia fuel cell for affordable carbon-neutral transportation, Joule, 3 (2019) 2472–2484.[2] Y. Guo, Z. Pan, L. An, Carbon-free sustainable energy technology: Direct ammonia fuel cells, J. Power Sources, 476 (2020) 228454.[3] Y. Liu, Z. Pan, O.C. Esan, X. Xu, L. An, Performance characteristics of a direct ammonia fuel cell with an anion exchange membrane, Energy Fuels, 36 (2022) 13203-13211.[4] Y. Liu, Z. Pan, O.C. Esan, X. Liu, H. Wang, L. An, Efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia with FeNi-Co/carbon mat electrodes, J. Alloys Compd, 927 (2022) 166973.Figure 1. Ammonia as an energy carrier for renewable energy conversion and storage. Figure 1

Effect of Operation Parameters on the Inclusion Redistribution in the VAR Process

Effect of Operation Parameters on the Inclusion Redistribution in the VAR Process

CFD modeling and simulation of benzyl alcohol oxidation coupled with hydrogen production in a continuous-flow photoelectrochemical reactor

Various conversion routes of biomass and its derivative compounds into high-value products has attracted attention from researchers recently. Among these, a solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidation approach of biomass alcohols to aldehydes is particularly of great interest for the potential applications because the reaction is selective and simultaneously accompanied with hydrogen production. Here, we propose a simulation of selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde coupled with hydrogen production in a 2-dimensional continuous-flow PEC reactor using COMSOL Multiphysics (5.6). In order to develop and fabricate a simple yet efficient reactor for a practical use, it is crucial to investigate the effects of operating and design parameters of the reactor on the reactions. Our studies demonstrated that the main contributions to product formation were the electrolyte flow velocity and the width of electrolyte channels. The optimized design parameter exhibited good photoelectrochemical performance with uniform potential distribution within the channels which served diffusion of neutral and charged species and electrochemical reaction. The maximum conversion of benzyl alcohol in this work was 48.25% with 100% selectivity of benzaldehyde. These findings are key for the design of the continuous-flow PEC reactor that can be applied to any series of biomass conversion reactions under mild conditions.

Synthesis of biochar-iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite for efficient and rapid removal of Pb(II) heavy metal from water

Abstract In this study, magnetic biochar-iron oxide (MBC-IO) nanocomposite was easily synthesized as a strong adsorbent to remove toxic Pb(II) heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The physical and chemical properties of the prepared adsorbent were analyzed using SEM, FTIR, XRD, BET, and zeta-potential analyses. An experimental design, using the response surface methodology (RSM), was implemented to study the effect of operational parameters on the Pb(II) adsorption performance. The maximum adsorption capacity of MBC-IO nanocomposite was found to be 504 mg/g, at an adsorbent dosage of 0.08 g/L, pH 7, contact time of 10 min, and initial lead concentration of 50 mg/L. The kinetics and isotherm studies illustrated that the adsorption data were well described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. In addition to rapid Pb2+ removal, the synthesized adsorbent was also employed to compare the adsorption capability of Cd2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ cations that had significant efficiency in the removal of heavy metals. The reusability investigation depicted that MBC-IO nanocomposite exhibits magnetic properties, enabling its facile separation from aqueous solutions with the assistance of an external magnetic field. These capabilities make the synthesized nanocomposite a good candidate for water purification industries.

Enhanced removal of perfluoroalkyl substances using MMO-TiO2 visible light photocatalyst

Exploration of easily produced visible light photocatalysts is still necessary. Thus, this study investigated the catalytic performance of a mixed metal oxide-titanium dioxide (MMO-TiO2) to remove perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a typical and harmful perfluoroalkyl substance, under visible light conditions. Analysis of degradation efficiencies revealed that MMO-TiO2 exhibited a remarkable removal efficiency of 95.99 ± 1.49 %, surpassing other catalysts, including TiO2, ZnAl, MMO, and ZnAl-TiO2. MMO-TiO2, derived from ZnAl-TiO2 calcination, displayed a 5.66-fold higher apparent degradation rate constant (1.07 × 10−2 min−1) compared to ZnAl-TiO2 (1.89 × 10−3 min−1). These materials were characterized via X-ray powder diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, and field emission-scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed that O2•- radicals play a pivotal role as the predominant species that mediate PFOA removal. Comparative experiments using probe compounds confirmed increased O2•- production during MMO-TiO2 photoreaction under visible light. In addition, this study explored the effect of operational parameters, such as catalyst dose, initial PFOA concentration, solution pH, and water matrices on the photocatalytic removal process. These findings provide insight into the removal of PFOA using MMO-TiO2, highlighting the potential of this visible light catalyst for the eco-friendly removal of persistent organic pollutants in aquatic systems.

Adsorptive removal of dissolved Iron from groundwater by brown coal – A low-cost adsorbent

Iron (Fe) contamination in groundwater is a widespread issue, necessitating the implementation of efficient removal methods to ensure the provision of safe drinking water. To contribute to the development of effective and sustainable solutions for addressing Fe contamination problems, this study investigated the potential of natural brown coal (BC) as a cost-effective adsorbent for removing dissolved Fe from groundwater. The study also explored the regeneration and reusability potential, as well as the effects of operational parameters, including pH, temperature, adsorbate concentration, and competitive ions, on the adsorption process. The equilibrium data fitted very well with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.983), yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 1.41 mg g−1. The adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Notably, higher solution pH, Fe concentration, and temperature values led to higher Fe removal. The adsorption process exhibited endothermic behaviour, accompanied by an increase in randomness at the interface between the BC and the Fe. The BC was easily regenerated and maintained good adsorption capacity after four cycles of adsorption and regeneration. However, the presence of high-valent cations could affect its performance. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, coupled with structural and aqueous solution elemental analyses, revealed a synergetic adsorption mechanism, comprising ion-exchange with mono and divalent basic cations and complexation with functional groups. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of brown coal as a cost-effective adsorbent for Fe removal from groundwater.

Evaluation of an internal standard-free laser ablation-ICP-OES method for elemental analysis in solid food samples

Although the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (LA-ICP-OES) is a promising method for the elemental screening of solid food materials, the main challenge associated with this technique is the lack of commercial solid standard reference materials to serve as the external standard for quantitative calibration. In this study, a reliable internal standard-free LA-ICP-OES method for direct sampling and analysis of solid food materials was developed. The method relies on the carbon internally-standardized relative sensitivity factor (CIS-RSF) was developed, eliminating the need for calibration curves or matrix-matched external standards once the CIS-RSF has been determined. After careful evaluation of the effect of the instrumental operating parameters on the long-term stability of CIS-RSFs, this method was used to analyze a variety of microelements, including sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mg), magnesium (Mn), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), with the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranging from 0.06 (Sr) to 400 μg g−1 (S). The accuracy and reproducibility of this proposed method were evaluated through the analysis of three food NIST reference materials and six typical food samples. The results indicated that the relative error of most target elements was less than 20% and the reproducibility (SD, n = 3) more than 10%. This developed LA-ICP-OES screening method has great potential for the high-throughput multielement determination of various solid food materials.

Numerical analysis of a novel coaxial annular tube convective heat switch

Heat switches are commonly used in cryogenic instruments to provide thermal contact or isolation between the hot and cold masses over a temperature range from millikelvin to room temperature. This study presents a new type of convective thermal switch that implements an annular tube design replacing the twin-tube structure. To study the effects of geometry and operating parameters on thermal performance, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed. The results show that the designed heat switch provides a thermal conductance of 33.79 mW/K when the end temperatures are 4.2 K and 40 K. In addition, it can automatically change to thermal isolation mode with a residual thermal conductance of 0.19 mW/K. The thermal conductance is increased from 33.79 mW/K to 38.90 mW/K by extending the length of the inner tube. This novel heat switch holds promise for precooling the modern cryogen-free dilution refrigerator (DR) and adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR).

Advanced oxidation/reduction processes (AO/RPs) for wastewater treatment, current challenges, and future perspectives: a review.

Advanced oxidation/reduction processes (AO/RPs) are considered as effective water treatment technologies and thus could be used to solve the problem of water pollution. These technologies of wastewater treatment involve the production of highly reactive species such as •OH, H•, e-aq, SO4•-, and SO3•-. These radicals can attack the targeted contaminants present in aqueous media and result in their destruction. The efficiency of AO/RPs is highly affected by various operational parameters such as initial concentration of contaminant, solution pH, catalyst amount, intensity of light source, nature of oxidant and reductant used, and the presence of various ionic species in aquatic media. Among AO/RPs, the solar light-based AO/RPs are most widely used nowadays for contaminant removal from aqueous media because of their high environmental friendliness and cost effectiveness. By using these techniques, almost all types of pollutants can be easily removed from aquatic media within short intervals of time, and hence, the problem of water pollution can be solved effectively. This review focuses on various AO/RPs used for wastewater treatment. The effects of different operational parameters that affect the efficiency of these processes toward contaminant removal have been discussed. Besides, challenges and future recommendations are also briefly provided for the researchers in order to improve the efficiency of these processes.

Cleaner production of biohydrogen using poplar leaves: Experimental and optimization studies

Biohydrogen (bioH2) is recognized as a potential carbon-neutral energy vector, and developing novel methods has received increasing attention with a prime goal of producing H2 more efficient and cost effective manner. This study aimed to develop a unique reactor to investigate dark fermentative H2 production from poplar biomass using commercially available and inexpensive microorganism cultures. Therefore, six factors of the Box-Behnken design (BBD) were performed to evaluate the individual and combined effects of operational parameters: acid concentration (2–10%), biomass concentration (2–10 g), initial pH (5–8), temperature (30–40 °C), mixing ratio (150–350 rpm), and microorganism concentration (2–6 g) on bioH2 production. Among the operational parameters, the acid concentration was the most effective parameter on bioH2 production. The bioH2 production increased from 11.33 to 18.15 mg/g biomass with increasing acid concentration from 6 to 10%. Moreover, the optimum levels of operational variables were as follows: acid concentration of 9.9%, biomass amount of 2 g, pH of 6.56, temperature of 35 °C, mixing ratio of 345 rpm, and microorganism amount of 4.5 g for the highest bioH2 production of 20 mg/g-biomass according to the experimental design. Consequently, the bioH2 production performance of the dark fermentation process showed that bioH2 production from poplar biomass using commercially available microorganisms had a competitive advantage.

Experimental Study on Performance of Liquid–Gas Jet Pump with Square Nozzle

An experimental study is conducted to investigate the effects of different operating parameters on the performance of liquid–gas jet pumps. A square nozzle with an area ratio of 2.25 is designed for the liquid–gas jet pump, and an experimental setup for the liquid–gas jet pump system is constructed. By varying parameters such as inlet flow rate, temperature, and inlet pressure, the variations in the pumping capacity and pumping ratio of the system are studied. The performance of liquid–gas jet pumps with square nozzles and traditional circular nozzles under the same working conditions was compared through experimental data. Explore the performance advantages and disadvantages of liquid–gas jet pumps with different shaped nozzles under the same working conditions. The experimental results indicate that as the inlet flow rate of the liquid–gas jet pump increases, the pumping capacity of the system increases, leading to an increase in the pumping ratio. The operational efficiency slightly decreases with a rise in the working water flow rate. The pumping ratio of the system increases with an increase in the inlet pressure, reaching a peak value of around 4.0 when the inlet valve is fully open. Inlet pressure significantly affects the efficiency of the liquid–gas jet pump, with the highest efficiency point achieved at Pa (inlet air pressure) = 60 kPa, reaching an operational efficiency of 42.48%. When Pa exceeds 70 kPa, the operational efficiency rapidly declines. Comparing the performance of square and circular nozzle liquid–gas jet pumps under the same operating conditions, the performance of the square nozzle liquid–gas jet pump outperforms that of the circular nozzle counterpart. The pumping system’s performance decreases continuously with an increase in the working liquid temperature; however, the decline in pumping performance becomes gradual after exceeding 40 °C. As the water level rises, both the pumping capacity and pumping ratio of the system increase. After the liquid level reaches 40 cm, the changes in the pumping system’s performance become less pronounced.

Electrochemical Recovery of Phosphorus from Simulated and Real Wastewater: Effect of Investigational Conditions on the Process Efficiency

The development of recovery processes has become essential in recent years as a strategy to minimize environmental pollution while boosting circular economy and sustainable development. Due to the exponential growth in agricultural production and the increased pollution of waterbodies, the production of fertilizers from recovered phosphorus has become an alternative to phosphate rock-based production. In this work, the effect of different operational parameters in the efficiency of the electrochemical recovery of phosphorus, from organic and inorganic sources, was investigated. Among the studied variables, the most significant was the electrode material utilized in the system. The use of magnesium sacrificial electrodes, as AZ31 alloys, led to phosphorus removal from solution of above 90%, allowing the recovery of both orthophosphates and organic phosphorus (glyphosate) as struvite, brucite, and other amorphous compounds. Since there is a lack in the literature about the use of magnesium electrodes in real wastewater electrochemical treatment, system efficiency was also evaluated using a sanitary landfill leachate, reaching 96% of phosphorus recovery. The specific energy consumption and faradaic efficiency of the phosphorus recovery process were also assessed.

Numerical simulation and parameter optimization of Coriolis force scale measurement process based on DEM

The Coriolis force method is a recently developed and highly regarded direct measurement technique that enables high-precision measurement of bulk materials. The operational parameters and variations thereof directly influence the measurement accuracy of the equipment. In this study, a measurement correction coefficient is introduced to improve the calculation method for mass flow rate of the materials. The DEM is employed to simulate the motion of particle groups within the Coriolis force scale under different parameters, and the effects of various structural and operational parameters on the measurement results are compared. The research findings indicate that a lower rotational speed leads to more stable instantaneous measurement results, although the measurement error is relatively large. When the rotational speed exceeds 300 rpm, the measurement error remains within 15%. For materials with a radius of 1–2 mm, the variation range of precision error is approximately 0.4%. Among the structural parameters, the radius of the measurement wheel has the most significant impact on the measurement results, wherein a larger measurement wheel radius corresponds to a smaller measurement error. The horizontal angle of the blades follows as the next influential parameter, with a clockwise rotation and a horizontal angle of 30° resulting in a measurement error below 2%.

Heavy Metal Remediation from Water/Wastewater Using Bioadsorbents - A Review

This paper aims to emphasize heavy metals’ impact on water and its removal mechanism with a focus on adsorption. Furthermore, factors affecting bio adsorption, such as temperature, pH, RPM, and initial heavy metal concentration, have been studied for different heavy metals and bioadsorbents. A comparison of their adsorption capacities and efficiencies has been made. This review reviewed different bioadsorbents for their suitability in removing cadmium, lead, and copper ions from water and wastewater, typically by using adsorption as a methodology. A suitable summary compares various heavy metal removal techniques and their advantages and limitations. For adsorption, the characteristics of bioadsorbents and their activation steps have been consolidated. Furthermore, the effects of operational parameters and adsorption mechanisms have been discussed in the review. Apart from assessing the suitability of bioadsorbent, a novel bioadsorbent has been suggested for copper ions removal. The findings shall be significantly useful in applying bioadsorbent in water/wastewater treatment fields to reduce heavy metal pollution. Thorough and well-planned research in this field can facilitate the creation of sustainable and durable technology for wastewater treatment, addressing the increasing demand for safe and dependable water resources, focusing on making it cost-effective and recyclable.