Effect Of Modification Research Articles

Inhibition of selenium supply function of selenoprotein p through adduct formation by sulforaphane

Selenium is a potent nucleophile essential for selenoenzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (also known as GSH-Px; GPX; GPx) and selenoprotein P (also known as SelP; SEPP1; SELENOP; SeP). SeP is predominantly secreted from the liver and functions as a selenium carrier in plasma. We previously found that sulforaphane (SFN), an electrophilic phytochemical, reduces SeP production in cultured hepatocytes and mouse liver, however, the effect of electrophilic modification of SeP by SFN on selenium transport and metabolism remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that sulforaphane covalently modifies selenocysteine/cysteine residues of SeP using an acidic biotin PAEC5 maleimide labeling assay, which allows for focused-labeling of selenocysteine residues. Although the SFN-SeP adduct can be taken up by HepG2 cells and degraded by the lysosome, it was less effective in inducing GPx expression. Our findings indicate that SFN disrupts the selenium supply pathway through the formation of the SeP-SFN adduct.

M6A RNA METHYLATION AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN HIGH GRADE GLIOMA

Abstract AIMS High grade glioma (HGG) is a devastating brain cancer that has poor prognostic outcomes. Very recently, the field of epitranscriptome has emerged as a novel druggable target for multiple diseases, including cancers. In the present study, we sought to investigate the functional importance of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation in the pathogenesis and drug resistance of paediatric and adult high grade glioma. METHOD To identify the expression of key m6A effectors, RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence were undertaken in patient derived HGG cell lines, primary low passage HGG cells and human tissues. The expression of these effectors was modified using siRNA-mediated knockdown and small molecules to identify their effects on key transcription factors. The consequences of modification on the ability of the cells to form neurospheres and invade was also assessed. Developing chemotherapy-resistant cell lines is undertaking to assess the effect of m6A RNA levels on the ability of HGG cells to adapt to environmental changes. Measuring the level of m6A-modified transcripts were achieved by developing LC-MS/MS and MeRIP (methylated RNA immunoprecipitation) qPCR techniques. RESULTS We found that key m6A effectors such as methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), Wilms tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) are expressed at significantly higher level in paediatric and adult HGG models than in control at both gene and protein levels. Furthermore, these effectors regulate the expression of key transcription factors in self-renewal, cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. siRNA-mediated depletion of m6A effectors and inhibition of METTL3 using small molecules such as STM2457 and STM3006 reduce the capacity of cells to form neurospheres and invade as well as improving the sensitivity of HGG cells to chemotherapeutic agents. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that m6A effectors are potential pro-oncogenic factors that, if druggable, will represent an advanced avenue in HGG therapy.

Preparation of Consolidated Dust Suppression Materials Based on Pectin: Graft Modification Experiment and Reaction Mechanism.

The natural material pectin was used as the matrix to prepare a dust suppressant. The regression model in response to the grafting ratio was established, and the optimum modification scheme was determined. The amount of monomer, initiator, cross-linking agent, and reaction temperature was 3.20 g, 0.20 g, and 0.15 g and 92 °C, respectively. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy tests, not only the formation of the product in graft copolymerization reaction was validated but also the wettability of pectin was significantly improved. The surface morphology of pectin before and after modification was observed by a scanning electron microscope. After graft copolymerization treatment, the surface of pectin presented a dense grid structure, which proved that the pectin-modified dust suppressant can play a crucial role in wetting and condensing coal dust. Contact angle tests were used to characterize the effect of pectin modification on the wettability of bituminous coal before and after modification. The results of contact angle tests showed that when the droplets just contacted the bituminous coal flakes, the contact angle of modified pectin droplets on the flakes was the smallest, and the value was 55.21°. Compared with pure water droplets and unmodified pectin droplets, it decreased by 21.66° and 18.50°. The modification reaction process and dust suppression mechanism were explained at the molecular level.

Thematic Relations

This study explores the processing of noun-prep-noun combinations in prepositional phrases in Brazilian Portuguese, focusing on the syntactic-semantic relationship marked by prepositions, implies the semantic sense in which the noun is being modified. We chose to contrast particularly two types of thematic relationships like 'made of' and 'made for’, categorized as: material and function (e.g. ‘toalha de crochê’, crocheted cloth vs. agulha de crochê, crochet needle). To do so, we conducted two psycholinguistic experiments: Experiment 1 consisted of a self-paced reading/picture matching task to investigate the impact of semantic relationship on processing time; and Experiment 2 employed a cloze task (e.g. ‘toalha de ______’) and Likert scale likelihood judgments to norm the stimuli and assess cognitive preferences for the types of relation explored (i.e., material or function). Our results revealed slower reading times for the function type relation, suggesting a higher processing demand, possibly due to covert semantic computations required for this relation. Cloze completions and likelihood ratings also indicated a cognitive preference for this type of relationship. We attribute these observed patterns to the robust syntactic-semantic relationship inherent to functional type relations, coupled with a broader range of potential response options. In contrast, material type relations demonstrated a higher level of convergence among participants for cloze responses, likely due to more restricted response options and, consequently, increased probability. Future EEG studies are proposed to identify specific moments in the cognitive processing of the constituents of these structures and assess possible anticipatory effects of prepositional phrase modifiers. These discoveries make a meaningful contribution to the broader literature on language processing, aligning with analogous patterns observed in different languages with a cognitive distinction between thematic relations and feature-based (i.e., telic and constitutive relations), such as in Wisniewsky & Love, 1998; Estes et al., 2003, 2011; Pustejovsky et al., 2016; Flick et al., 2021.

Experimental and numerical study on scroll compressor under different profile correction and discharge ports shapes

The scroll compressor is an essential component in air conditioning and heat pump systems. This study examined an electric scroll compressor using R22 refrigerant, focusing on how modifications in the scroll head profile and discharge structure affect its performance. Initially, a semi-empirical model based on mathematical formulas was developed to predict the performance improvements of the updated scroll compressor. Three-dimensional simulation software was then used to illustrate changes in the internal flow dynamics before and after enhancements. The predictions were validated through experimental testing. Both the semi-empirical model and the three-dimensional unsteady numerical calculation model analyzed the effects of modifications to the tooth head profile and discharge port shape on compressor performance. The adoption of a PMP profile correction delayed the compressor discharge process, shifting the starting discharge angle from 315°to 344°, thereby reducing under-compression occurrences during operation and increasing volumetric efficiency by 1.31%. Additionally, mathematical formulas correlating temperature with compressor performance were developed from fitting data, predicting compressor behavior under various conditions. Moreover, replacing a circular discharge port with a waist-shaped port reduced power consumption by 0.59 kW, resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution and enhanced mass flow rate during compressor operation.

The Relationship between Framingham Stroke Risk Profile on Incident Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A 40-Year Follow-Up Study Highlighting Female Vulnerability.

Sex differences in the association between cardiovascular risk factors and the incident all-cause dementia and the subtype Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk are unclear. Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants (n = 4,171, 54% women, aged 55 to 69 years) were included at baseline and followed up to 40 years. The Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) was dichotomized into 2 levels (cutoff: 75th percentile of the FSRP z-scores). Cause-specific hazard models, with death as a competing event, and restricted mean survival time (RMST) model were used to analyze the association between FSRP levels and incident all-cause dementia and AD. Interactions between FSRP and sex were estimated, followed by a sex-stratified analysis to examine the sex modification effect. High FSRP was significantly associated with all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25, robust 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21 to 1.29, p < 0.001) and AD (HR = 1.58, robust 95% CI = 1.57 to 1.59, p < 0.001) in cause-specific hazard models. High FSRP was significantly associated with incident dementia (HR = 2.81, robust 95% CI = 2.75 to 2.87, p < 0.001) and AD (HR = 2.96, robust 95% CI = 2.36 to 3.71, p < 0.001) in women, but not in men. Results were consistent in the RMST models. Current diabetes and high systolic blood pressure as FSRP components were significantly associated with dementia and AD in women but not in men. High FSRP in mid- to early late life is a critical risk factor for all-cause dementia and AD, particularly in women. Sex-specific interventions and further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms are warranted. ANN NEUROL 2024.

An In Vitro Platform for Pharmacokinetic Quantification and Optimization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Filtration and Drug Circulation

Abstract Background: Modification of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport dynamics is an expanding method for treating central nervous system injury and diseases. One application of this route is to modify the distribution of solutes in the CSF, however few tools currently exist for this purpose. The present study describes the use of a subject-specific in-vitro CSF phantom to perform a parametric evaluation of the Neurapheresis? CSF Management System (NP) for both CSF filtration and intrathecal drug circulation. Methods: An in-vitro CSF phantom was constructed which included realistic anatomy for the complete subarachnoid space. This platform was configured to test multiple parametric modifications of a dual-lumen catheter and filtration system. Calibrated mapping of tracer distribution and area under the curve (AUC) measurements were used to compare filtration and intrathecal-circulation schemes using the NP device versus the clinical standards of care. Results: The NP device showed potential advantages over lumbar drain (LD) for clearance of simulated subarachnoid hemorrhage, especially in the spinal canal. Use of the NP device in combination with simulated intracerebroventricular drug infusion (ICV) resulted in an increased extent and uniformity of tracer spread compared to ICV alone. Conclusion: NP improved clearance of simulated subarachnoid hemorrhage compared to LD and increased uniformity of tracer concentration via simulated ICV, providing support for NP use in these scenarios. The in-vitro CSF phantom system presented here quantitatively described the effects of parametric boundary modification on solute distribution in the intrathecal space.

A Review on the Effect of Wood Surface Modification on Paint Film Adhesion Properties

Wood surface treatment aims to improve or reduce the surface activity of wood by physical treatment, chemical treatment, biological activation treatment or other methods to achieve the purpose of surface modification. After wood surface modification, the paint film adhesion performance, gluing performance, surface wettability, surface free energy and surface visual properties would be affected. This article aims to explore the effects of different modification methods on the adhesion of wood coating films. Modification of the wood surface significantly improves the adhesion properties of the paint film, thereby extending the service life of the coating. Research showed that physical external force modification improved the hydrophilicity and wettability of wood by changing its surface structure and texture, thus enhancing the adhesion of the coating. Additionally, high-temperature heat treatment modification reduced the risk of coating cracking and peeling by eliminating stress and moisture within the wood. Chemical impregnation modification utilized the different properties of organic and inorganic substances to improve the stability and durability of wood. Organic impregnation effectively filled the wood cell wall and increased its density, while inorganic impregnation enhanced the adhesion of the coating by forming stable chemical bonds. Composite modification methods combined the advantages of the above technologies and significantly improved the comprehensive properties of wood through multiple modification treatments, showing superior adhesion and durability. Comprehensive analysis indicated that selecting the appropriate modification method was key for different wood types and application environments.

Clinicodemographic and Genetic Modifier Correlation in an X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism Cohort from Mindanao.

X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP), a neurodegenerative movement disorder endemic to the Philippines, is primarily investigated in patients from Panay Island and the Greater Manila area. However, individuals residing in geographically distant regions may exhibit different clinical or genetic characteristics compared to those documented in earlier reports. The aim was to investigate the relationship of XDP clinical features in a Mindanao cohort with modifiers of age at onset (AAO) variability and utilization of a previously reported AAO model. We investigated clinical and genetic features in 27 XDP patients from southern Mindanao. In all patients, we genotyped the 4 polymorphisms linked to AAO. The XDP-relevant hexanucleotide repeat number significantly correlated with AAO in the 27 patients and explained about 68% of AAO variability. There is no statistical difference between the predicted and actual AAO. The AAO model may provide reliable predictions by employing the effect of XDP genetic modifiers of AAO variability.

Effects of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment and its aging behaviors on interfacial strength of PI/PEEK composite film

AbstractSince the properties of surface roughness with time and the wettability pattern of polymer surfaces transformed by plasma remain unclear. In order to understand the mechanism of aging effect on film properties, this paper analyzes the aging of plasma‐treated PI films. The optimal treatment conditions were first explored by adjusting the plasma treatment power. Based on the effect of plasma treatment power on the surface physicochemical properties and mechanical properties of PI films. It was found that the content of oxygen‐containing functional groups on the surface of the film was highest at a plasma treatment power of 800 W, and the surface energy reached a maximum value of 67.71 mJ/m2. As the treatment power increases, the surface etching of the PI film increases significantly, as does the roughness. However, if the power is too high, it can cause excessive etching, resulting in peeling of the film surface. In addition, the mechanical properties of the films decreased with increasing plasma treatment power. Based on the effect of plasma treatment power on the surface physicochemical and mechanical properties of PI films, the best overall modification effect of PI films was determined when the treatment power was 800 W and the speed was 6 mm/s. And at 800 W, the peel strength of the PI/PEEK composite film reached a maximum value of 9.55 N/cm, which was 77.84% higher than that of the untreated composite film. However, plasma‐treated PI films can experience surface remodeling after being exposed to air for a period of time. In this paper, the wettability as well as the mechanical properties of the films are analyzed for different aging times. The results showed that after 30 days of plasma treatment, the O/C and N/C contents on the surface of the PI film decreased, and the wettability performance decreased by 19.45% compared with that of the recently treated film.

Surface treatment effects on morphological and property enhancements of poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)/Diss fibers (Ampelodesmos mauritanicus) biocomposites

AbstractThe present research investigates the influence of chemical modifications on the surface of Diss fibers (Ampelodesmos mauritanicus) as an effective reinforcing agent for biocomposites based on poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). The Diss fiber surface underwent three different chemical treatments: alkaline, alkaline/peroxide, and alkaline/silane. Changes in morphology, mechanical properties, thermomechanical behavior, and contact angle measurements of the biocomposite materials were studied according to the following weight ratio PHBV/Diss fibers 80/20. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the fractured surface of the biocomposite samples revealed improved adhesion between Diss fibers and the PHBV matrix after surface modification, compared with the unmodified sample. The study demonstrated that the incorporation of Diss fibers leads to an enhancement in the mechanical performances of PHBV‐based biocomposites. The tensile properties of the modified biocomposites showed a significant increase in Young's modulus compared with the biocomposites with untreated fiber. Similar trends were observed in the data obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and contact angle measurement. Overall, the study highlights the beneficial effects of Diss fibers modification, particularly with the alkali–silane combination, in enhancing the properties of PHBV biocomposites, there by broadening their potential application fields.Highlights The study explores the potential of Diss fibers as an effective reinforcement for PHBV‐based biocomposites. Fully biodegradable biocomposites based on PHBV/Diss fibers are melt‐compounded. Diss fibers are chemically modified by alkaline, alkaline/peroxide, and alkaline/silane. The chemical treatment has considerably enhanced the properties and morphology of the biocomposites, being however much higher for alkaline/silane treatment. The method can be used for specific applications and large‐scale production.

Short-term effects of lifestyle modification on vestibular migraine

Objective Our primary purpose was evaluation of early benefits of lifestyle modification on symptoms of vestibular migraine. The secondary purpose was to determine if a patient’s global sense of coping relates to outcomes with lifestyle modification. Design Prospective observational cohort. Participants completed questionnaires related to dizziness handicap, headache disability, and adherence to lifestyle modifications at baseline and weekly over 30 d. Sense of coping was measured pre-intervention. Study sample Thirty-eight patients with vestibular migraine diagnosed in tertiary care setting between 2022 and 2023. Results Symptoms were better at all four weeks post-intervention than pre-intervention (p < 0.01), with no difference across weeks two through four (p > 0.10) when symptoms were lowest and stable. By week two, 52% and 18.5% of participants had significant improvement in dizziness and headache compared to published critical difference scores, respectively. Sense of coping was inversely correlated with dizziness (R = −0.53, p < 0.00001) and headache (R = −0.64, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Lifestyle modification reduced dizziness and headache in many vestibular migraineurs in the first two weeks following intervention. Improvement in restful sleep was associated with improvement in symptoms. Sense of coping did not predict improvement but was inversely related to symptoms. Lifestyle modification could be considered as sole management or in addition to pharmacological intervention.

Thermal modification’s influence on the color of Tectona grandis L.f. sapwood to resemble heartwood

The commercial value of teak wood is associated with its heartwood, which has a naturally darker color than sapwood. To reduce this color disparity, thermal modification can be used to homogenize the color between sapwood and heartwood by minimizing color differences. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of thermal modification in making the color of teak sapwood similar to that of heartwood. Thermal modification was carried out at 160, 180, 200, and 220 °C for 150 min. Thermal modification of teak sapwood at 180 °C ensured greater color similarity to the heartwood of a fast-growing 16-year-old plantation. The material darkened with increasing process temperature. There was a change in the content of soluble substances, and hot water extraction had greater correlations with hue angle, lightness, and yellowness. Thermal modification also reduced the number of hydroxyl groups and improved the wood’s thermal stability.

Shaping cardiac destiny: the role of post-translational modifications on endoplasmic reticulum - mitochondria crosstalk in cardiac remodeling.

Cardiac remodeling is a shared pathological change in most cardiovascular diseases. Encompassing both adaptive physiological responses and decompensated pathological changes. Anatomically, atrial remodeling is primarily caused by atrial fibrillation, whereas ventricular remodeling is typically induced by myocardial infarction, hypertension, or cardiomyopathy. Mitochondria, the powerhouse of cardiomyocytes, collaborate with other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum to control a variety of pathophysiological processes such as calcium signaling, lipid transfer, mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and mitophagy. This mechanism is proven to be essential for cardiac remodeling. Post-translational modifications can regulate intracellular signaling pathways, gene expression, and cellular stress responses in cardiac cells by modulating protein function, stability, and interactions, consequently shaping the myocardial response to injury and stress. These modifications, in particular phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, are essential for the regulation of the complex molecular pathways that underlie cardiac remodeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria during cardiac remodeling, focusing on the regulatory effects of various post-translational modifications on these interactions.

Thermal modification of fast-growing Firmiana simplex wood using tin alloy: Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties

Wood is an important structural material, but some undesirable properties limit its application in construction. This study investigated the effect of tin alloy thermal modification (TTM) on selected physical and mechanical properties of Firmiana simplex (Chinese bottletree) wood. Tin alloy thermal modification of F. simplex was performed in a tin alloy bath at two different temperatures (150 oC and 210 oC for 2 h and 8 h). Physical properties such as swelling, water absorption and density and mechanical properties like modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, impact bending, compression strength and Brinell hardness of tin alloy thermal modified and control samples were evaluated. The results showed that tin alloy thermal modification decreased the swelling of the wood to 4,85 %, 1,45 % and 6,99 % along the tangential, radial and volumetric coefficient and water absorption and density decreased to 53,10 % and 290 kg/m3 respectively compared to the control. Modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, impact bending, compression strength and Brinell hardness of tin alloy thermal modified F. simplex at 210 °C for 8 h decreased to 6366,1 MPa, 54,9 MPa, 2,7 MPa, 29,4 MPa and 1113,5 MPa respectively compared to the control. In conclusion, the tin alloy thermal modified wood at 210 oC significantly affected the physical and mechanical properties of the wood.

Improving the Efficiency of Submersible Multistage Pumps Based on the Hydrophobization of the Flow Part Surfaces

The paper presents an experimental study of an assembly of five stages of an electric centrifugal pump (ECP) installation, the flow part of which is modified according to the principles of biomimetics, namely using the “lotus leaf effect”. The object of the study was a 5A-35 ECP. The surfaces of the blade systems of impellers and guide devices of stages 5 A-35 were hydrophobized using the method of applying surfactant layers. The degree of impellers hydrophobicity was estimated by the wetting angle average value measured by three drops at three different points on the impeller surface. The impellers surface roughness under study was determined by the arithmetic mean profile deviation Ra and the profile height irregularities Rz. The issues related to the surfactant coating modification effect salt deposition and corrosion were studied. For this purpose, the surfaces of the original and modified impellers were subjected to intensive forced salt deposition as a result of prolonged exposure to saline solution. The conclusion about the samples corrosion resistance degree was made by changing their mass, which was due to the salt deposits formation during 15 hours of stay in solution, as well as using the drop method. Both methods have shown that the surfactant coating can serve as a salt deposition inhibitor, and the pump impeller modified by it has increased corrosion resistance. Thus, during comparative tests, a smaller mass of salt was deposited on the modified impeller sample during 15 hours of exposure in saturated saline solution than on the original sample. This indicates that the surfactant layer prevents the salt deposits fixation on the working surfaces of the pump stage. On the modified sample examined by the drop method, the indicator color changed in 20 minutes, and on the original one – in 2 minutes. Experimental studies have been carried out, during which the operation energy parameters of a five stages 5A-35 pumping package with initial and modified surfactant-coated impellers have been determined. The studies have shown a 2 % increase in efficiency in the pum-ping package of stages with modified impellers. The results of the study can be useful in the oil production, chemical industry, as well as in the housing and communal services sector.

Tracking the Role of Faults on Mudstone Caprock Seals: A Case Study from Beier Depression, Hailar Basin, NE China

To study the oil and gas enrichment characteristics of the reservoir rocks in the second Member of the Nantun Formation (N2) of the F1 fault in the Beier Depression, this research focuses on the mechanism of shortening the sealing time of the regional mudstone cap due to faults and the factors influencing the sealing duration. The period during which the regional mudstone cap seal began is determined by analyzing the relationship between the diagenetic index of the regional mudstone cap and its underlying reservoir rocks and time. This relationship between the rock-formation index and time helps establish the onset of regional mudstone cap seal, and from this, the index of shortening time due to faults is derived. A research framework to study the sealing time shortening of regional mudstone cap seal caused by a fault was developed, which was further applied to analyze the relationship between the fault-induced shortening time of the seal in the lower of the first Member of the Damoguaihe Formation section (D1x) of the Beier Depression and hydrocarbon concentrations in the N2 Formation. The results show that the F1 fault at measurement points 1–4, 6, and 9–11 reduced the blocking time of the regional mudstone cap in D1x to 100%, hindering hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation in the N2. Conversely, the F1 fault at measurement points 5, 7, 8, and 12–15 reduces the blocking time of the regional mudstone cap in the D1x by 37–99%, which is more conducive to hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation in N2, resulting in positive oil and gas shows. Based on the test results, a discussion on the feasibility, applicability, and limitations of the new method is conducted, yielding the following conclusions: (1) The relationship between oil and gas indications in the reservoir rocks of the Nan’er Member confirms the feasibility of the new method. The research findings of the new method on the F1 fault align with current oil and gas exploration realities, indicating its potential use in studying the degree to which faults shorten the sealing time of regional mudstone caprocks. (2) The new method is primarily applicable to the study of the modification effects of tensile normal faults on regional mudstone caprocks and their impact on oil and gas sealing capacities. However, its application to other types of faults may have limitations. (3) The new method is mainly suitable for caprocks dominated by mudstone. When studying other types of caprocks, such as carbonate rocks, evaporites, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks, different research methods and technical means are required. These findings provide valuable insights for oil and gas exploration efforts near fault zones.

Dopamine Transporter and CYP2D6 Gene Relationships with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Response in the Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine Crossover Study.

Background: Few biological or clinical predictors guide medication selection and/or dosing for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Accumulating data suggest that genetic factors may contribute to clinically relevant pharmacodynamic (e.g., dopamine transporter-SLC6A3 also commonly known as DAT1) or pharmacokinetic (e.g., the drug metabolizing enzyme Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6) effects of methylphenidate (stimulant) and atomoxetine (non-stimulant), which are commonly prescribed medications. This is the first study of youth with ADHD exposed to both medications examining the clinical relevance of genetic variation on treatment response. Methods: Genetic variations in DAT1 and CYP2D6 were examined to determine how they modified time relationships with changes in ADHD symptoms over a 4-week period in 199 youth participating in a double-blind crossover study following a stepped titration dose optimization protocol. Results: Our results identified trends in the modification effect from CYP2D6 phenotype and the time-response relationship between ADHD total symptoms for both medications (atomoxetine [ATX]: p = 0.058, Methylphenidate [MPH]: p = 0.044). There was also a trend for the DAT1 3' untranslated region (UTR) variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) genotype to modify dose relationships with ADHD-RS total scores for atomoxetine (p = 0.029). Participants with DAT1 9/10 repeat genotypes had a more rapid dose-response to ATX compared to 10/10, while those with 9/9 genotypes did not respond as doses were increased. Regardless of genotype, ADHD symptoms and doses were similar across CYP2D6 metabolizer groups after 4 weeks of treatment. Conclusions: Most children with ADHD who were CYP2D6 normal metabolizers or had DAT1 10/10 or 9/10 genotypes responded well to both medications. While we observed some statistically significant effects of CYP2D6 and DAT1 with treatment response over time, our data indicate that genotyping for clinical purposes may have limited utility to guide treatment decisions for ATX or MPH because both medications were generally effective in the studied cohort after 3 weeks of titration to higher doses. The potential DAT1 association with ATX treatment is a novel finding, consistent with prior reports suggesting an association of the DAT1 in 9/9 genotypes with lower responsive rates to treatment at low and moderate doses.

Effect of soil profile modifications on performance of peach-based land uses on degraded lands of Himalaya, India

Effect of soil profile modifications on performance of peach-based land uses on degraded lands of Himalaya, India

Effect of Span-80 to Moisture Resistance of Near-infrared Curing 3D Printing Sodium Silicate Foundry Sands

In this work, a new method of near-infrared curing 3D printing sodium silicate sands (NIRC3DPSSS) driven by photovoltaic cells was proposed, and the Span-80 moisture resistance modifier was studied. NIRC3DPSSS had the advantages of high strength, rapid curing and low residual strength. However, the 24h storage strength would reduce because Na+ in the bonding bridges could absorb moisture. The experimental results showed that the strength of Span-80 modified sands molds reached 0.95MPa after 4 hours in a humidistat with 99%RH (relative humidity) containing 2.2% sodium silicate, an increase of 97.9% comparing to common sands molds. In air(80%RH), the strength reached 1.25MPa, an increase of 40.4%. The optimal effect of modification was achieved when Span-80 was 0.066% of the raw sands. Additionally, the bonding film and bridges in sodium silicate sands modified with Span-80 were more stable, smoother and free of cracks when observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).