Effect Of Light Intensity Research Articles

Effects of sleep restriction and light intensity on mental effort during cognitive challenge.

We investigated the effects of sleep duration and light intensity on effort-related cardiovascular response. We predicted that due to reduced alertness after shortened sleep duration, perceived task demand should increase which should lead to higher mental effort. Similarly, lower light intensity should also lead to lower alertness, and therefore to higher perceived task demand and therefore higher effort. Effort was operationalized as sympathetic beta-adrenergic impact on the heart and assessed through reactivity of the cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Twenty-four healthy volunteers underwent two experimental sessions, one after 5 and one after 8 h of sleep opportunity in a counterbalanced order (within-person). Experimental lighting conditions (100 lx vs. 500 lx, within-person) were applied for 15 min, and for following 5-min modified auditory Sternberg task. In line with our hypothesis, results showed a stronger SBP (and DBP) reactivity after sleep restriction (ps < 0.001), indicating higher effort exertion. Contrary to our prediction, 500 lx light led to higher PEP reactivity compared to 100 lx (p = .032). Overall, our results provide the first experimental evidence that shorter sleep duration leads to higher mental effort.

Enhancing the MCL-SLAM algorithm to overcome the issue of illumination variation, non-static environment and kidnapping to present the NIK-SLAM

AbstractSimultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a major challenge that has been comprehensively investigated by scholars. SLAM’s ability to support autonomous navigation helps the robot to move from one place to another without being controlled by humans. This achievement has attracted the attention of scholars towards focusing on this area. Over the decades, countless procedures have been developed with extraordinary accomplishments. However, some problems can degrade the efficiency of SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technique, and examples of such problems include environmental noises (light intensity and shadow), non-static environment, and kidnap robots. These problems create inconsistency in measurement that can lead to erroneous navigation for an unmanned vehicle. In minimizing the effect of these problems, a novel SLAM technique based on several re-modifications of MCL is presented in this paper. This innovative technique is known as NIK-SLAM. The NIK-SLAM is equipped with filters alongside some modifications of the original Monte-Carlo algorithm (MCL) to maximize its performance. The filters were employed to overcome the effect of shadow and light intensity while the re-modification of MCL is used to overcome the limitation of kidnapping and non-static objects. A publicly available dataset (TUM-RGBD) and a private dataset were used for evaluation. Matlab was used for simulation while assessments were based on quantitative and qualitative validation. The results demonstrated a better performance of the NIK-SLAM, attaining a lower trajectory error for most experiments when compared to the original MCL and other SLAM algorithms found in the literature, but at the expense of delayed processing time. Furthermore, this accomplishment supports pathway planning, and exploration into unstable environments while it decreases accident rates/human fatalities, and in the future study, the issue of delayed processing time will be addressed.

Production of Carotenoids and Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis Cultivated Under Mixotrophy Using Brewery Wastewater: Effect of Light Intensity and Cultivation Time

Production of Carotenoids and Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis Cultivated Under Mixotrophy Using Brewery Wastewater: Effect of Light Intensity and Cultivation Time

Investigating Light and Water Optimization for Early Seedling Establishment in Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth

Seedling growth, development, and establishment are vulnerable stages for trees, greatly influenced by two important environmental factors: light availability and soil moisture regime. This study investigated the interactive effects of light intensity and water availability on key early vegetative growth parameters of collar diameter, height, and the number of leaves in seedlings of the tropical legume tree Albizia lebbeck. The experiment utilized a 4×3 factorial design with four light intensity levels (L1 (75%), L2 (50%), L3 (25%), and L4 (100% as control)) and three watering frequencies (daily (W1), every three days (W2), weekly (W3)) in a nursery greenhouse. Measurements were recorded biweekly for ten weeks. The results showed that moderate light intensity of 50% coupled with adequate moisture supply by daily watering (L2W1) led to optimal seedling growth. This treatment combination resulted in the greatest mean collar diameter (3.62 mm), plant height (41.88 cm), and number of leaves (11). Growth was restricted under full light (L4) and insufficient light (L3). Limited water availability by watering weekly (W3) also suppressed growth metrics. However, there was no significant difference between daily watering (W1) and moderate watering frequency (W2). Strong intrinsic synchronization was observed between the collar diameter and plant height growth trajectories over time, reflecting coordinated lateral and vertical stem expansion regulated by developmental processes. Leaf proliferation showed partially decoupled dynamics from stem growth, indicating specialized control over leaf traits. Collar diameter, height, and the number of leaves were inherently intercorrelated, highlighting their co-dependence in generating resources and signals needed to sustain growth and development. The findings suggest that 50% light intensity and adequate moisture by watering every 1-3 days are optimal for nursery establishment of A. lebbeck seedlings to maximize early vegetative growth.

Effects of Different Light Conditions on Anatomical and Histological Features of Galls in Bacterial Gall Disease of Cerasus × yedoensis.

Cerasus × yedoensis (cherry 'Somei-yoshino' Fujino) is affected by bacterial gall disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. cerasicola (PSC). C. × yedoensis is often infected with PSC under weak light intensity, which indicates that susceptibility of C. × yedoensis to PSC is affected by light. To evaluate the effects of white light intensity and different light qualities, white or blue, on bacterial gall disease development, we quantitatively assessed the anatomical and histological features of bacterial-inoculated sites on branches of 2-year-old potted C. × yedoensis seedlings grown under different light intensities and qualities. The stronger the white light intensity, the less severe the gall symptoms. Gall formation was suppressed more by blue than white light of the same intensity. The validity of a simple gall index for assessing gall development with the naked eye, via quantitative evaluation of gall shape by measuring gall height, width, and volume, showed that the gall index could be used as a practical method for on-site assessments of gall development. The ratio of degeneration area in the gall remained constant, suggesting the presence of some regulatory mechanism preventing PSC from affecting the entire gall within the plant. Microscopy showed that the gall tissue is composed primarily of callus cells and has voids containing gummy material that is exuded from cracks in the gall, and the periderm develops at the gall foot but not at the gall apex, so the cells at the gall apex were necrotic or collapsed.

Growing Tomato Seedlings Suitable for Mechanical Grafting under Regulated Light Regime

Abstract: The uniformity of growth and mechanical properties of grafted seedlings affect the quality of mechanical grafting operations. The growth uniformity of grafted seedlings in a greenhouse will be poor due to the uneven and unstable light and temperature conditions. Plant factories can cultivate grafted seedlings in the most suitable environment by regulating environmental parameters such as light and temperature. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the light conditions on tomato seedlings in plant factory and to develop an optimal cultivation light formula. The effects of light intensity (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 μmol m−2 s−2) and photoperiod (10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 h a day(h/d)) on the morphological and mechanical properties of tomato seedlings were experimentally investigated. Orthogonal experiments were conducted involving light quality (R:B = 75:25, R:B = 50:50, and R:B = 25:75), light intensity (150 μmol m−2 s−2, 200 μmol m−2 s−2, and 250 μmol m−2 s−2), and photoperiod (14, 16, and 18 h/d) as independent variables to determine the optimal combination. Finally, a comparative grafting experiment was conducted between the seedlings cultivated using the optimal light formula and commercially available seedlings. The result showed that increasing light intensity inhibited hypocotyl length and promoted seedling stem growth, and excessive light intensity decreased seedling mechanical properties. The optimal light intensity for rootstocks is 200 μmol m−2 s−2, and the optimal light intensity for scions is 250 μmol m−2 s−2. Shortening the photoperiod would promote hypocotyl growth and inhibit seedling stem elongation. Different photoperiods had a significant impact on the mechanical properties of tomato seedlings. The most suitable photoperiod for rootstocks was 18 h/d and for scions was 16 h/d. The most suitable light formula was R:B = 50:50, 250 μmol m−2 s−2, 18 h/d. By analyzing the experimental results, the mechanical properties of seedlings grown by the regulated light environment were better than those of commercially available seedlings, and the success rate of mechanical grafting was 7% higher. Overall, in plant factories compared to commercially available tomato seedlings, tomato seedlings cultivated by the regulated light environment were more suitable for mechanical grafting. This research result provides theoretical support for subsequent research on grafting machinery.

Bending deformation effects on the optoelectronic performance of flexible GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs triple junction solar cells

To achieve genuine carbon neutrality, PV-powered vehicles show promise for future automotive development. However, the impact of curved surfaces on flexible solar cell module performance remains uncertain. This study specifically focuses on newly-designed flexible GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs triple junction solar cells, which have the highest potential output efficiency. A computational model was developed to analyze the electrical performance of curved solar cells, and variations in short-circuit current (Isc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) with bending angles were determined to closely match experimental data. The effects of incident light intensity, angle, and bending strain on solar cell performance were analyzed to explain the observed Isc and Voc trends. This method can be applied to other III-V group solar cells, providing theoretical support for accurately calculating the performance of curved solar cell modules.

Optimizing light intensity and airflow for improved lettuce growth and reduced tip burn disease in a plant factory

In practical plant factory production, light intensity and airflow were major environmental factors that significantly impacted lettuce growth and tip burn disease. This study investigated the effects of light intensity (100, 200, and 300 μmol·m-2·s-1) and airflow rate (100, 200, and 300 m³/h) on the comprehensive quality of lettuce. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to determine the weight of various growth and physiological indices of lettuce, while fuzzy mathematics principles were used to evaluate its comprehensive indices. The findings revealed that higher light intensity increased Ca2+ demand and decreased stomatal conductance, exacerbating tip burn disease. In contrast, increasing the airflow rate reduced leaf temperature, promoted transpiration, and facilitated calcium ion transport, thereby alleviating the occurrence of tip burn. Increasing the airflow rate to 300 m³/h effectively improved plant transpiration and Ca²⁺ transport, which further reduced tip burn. The comprehensive results indicated that under the conditions of a light intensity of 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 and an airflow rate of 300 m³/h, lettuce achieved the best comprehensive quality score of 0.6490, with a Ca2+ content of 21.83 mg/100 g, and tip burn was effectively suppressed. The study provided valuable scientific support for the precise control of environmental conditions in plant factories.

Effects of Light Intensity, Water Content, and the Application of Biochar Nanoparticles on the Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings

This study investigates the effects of light intensity, water content, and the application of biochar nanoparticles (BNPs) on the growth and development of tomato seedlings to provide valuable insight into tomato cultivation. BNPs were prepared using rice straw. In this experiment, the light intensity was set at 350 μmol ·m−2 · s−1 (L1), 300 μmol ·m−2 · s−1 (L2), and 250 μmol ·m−2 · s−1 (L3). The irrigation amount was set at 150 mL/plant (W1) and 100 mL/plant (W2). The contents of BNPs were set at 0% BNPs (N1) and 5% BNPs (N2). L2W2N2 was used as the control. A total of 12 groups were included in the study. Groups D, E, F, J, K, and L did not use BNPs, while the remaining six groups used 5% BNPs. We found that BNPs exhibit significant aggregation with spherical morphology. As the pH increased, the particle size of BNPs showed a trend of initial increase, followed by a decrease and subsequent increase. Carbon elements existed in three different forms and possessed distinct chemical bonds, resulting in different relative contents. The relative content of C═O accounted for 26.40%, which was significantly higher than that of C—O by approximately 15%. Under the W1 treatment, the height of the tomato plant in L1N2 was 31.7 cm, which is higher by 0.4 cm than that in L1N1. Under L2W1N1 treatment, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity, and intercellular CO2 concentration of tomatoes were 9.68 μmoL ·m2 · s−1, 1.223 mmoL ·m2 · s−1, 0.071 μmoL ·m2 · s−1, and 626 ppm, respectively, which are significantly higher than the control. In conclusion, this research provides a foundation for growing tomatoes.

Effect of Light Intensity on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of the Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana Cultivated in Biogas Plant Digestate

This study investigated the effect of light intensity on the growth and nutrient uptake of Chlorella sorokiniana cultivated in nitrogen-rich anaerobic digestion wastewater. Three light intensities (20, 68, and 162 µmol m⁻2 s⁻1) were applied over a 30-day period with a 16:8 h light–dark photoperiod. The goal was to understand how light affects biomass productivity, nutrient assimilation, and biochemical composition under varying nitrogen concentrations originating from biogas plant digestate, up to 5 g L⁻1. The results showed that higher light intensities significantly boosted biomass production, achieving a five-fold increase at 162 µmol m⁻2 s⁻1 compared to 20 µmol m⁻2 s⁻1. Nutrient uptake followed a similar pattern, with 94% of ammonium nitrogen removed in 7 days under high light, compared to 55% after 30 days under low light. Phosphorus content was also completely removed after 7 days under light intensities of 68 and 162 µmol m⁻2 s⁻1. Additionally, elevated light intensity led to increased lipid accumulation (from 29.7% to 34%) and reduced protein content (from 30.9% to 26.1%), with carbohydrate content not being affected by light intensity. These findings highlight light intensity as a critical factor for optimizing microalgae cultivation in nitrogen-rich biogas digestate, promoting both effective nutrient removal and biomass production for potential bioenergy applications.

Effects of root zone temperature and light intensity on plant growth, flowering and fruit quality of plant factory ‘festival’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)

Effects of root zone temperature and light intensity on plant growth, flowering and fruit quality of plant factory ‘festival’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)

Optimal Light Intensity for Lettuce Growth, Quality, and Photosynthesis in Plant Factories.

In agriculture, one of the most crucial elements for sustained plant production is light. Artificial lighting can meet the specific light requirements of various plants. However, it is a challenge to find optimal lighting schemes that can facilitate a balance of plant growth and nutritional qualities. In this study, we experimented with the light intensity required for plant growth and nutrient elements. We designed three light intensity treatments, 180 μmol m-2 s-1 (L1), 210 μmol m-2 s-1 (L2), and 240 μmol m-2 s-1 (L3), to investigate the effect of light intensity on lettuce growth and quality. It can be clearly seen from the radar charts that L2 significantly affected the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area. L3 mainly affected the canopy diameter and root shoot ratio. The effect of L1 on lettuce phenotype was not significant compared with that of the others. The total soluble sugar, vitamin C, nitrate, and free amino acid in lettuce showed more significant increases under the L2 treatment than under the other treatments. In addition, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were opposite to each other. The comprehensive evaluation of the membership function value method and heatmap analysis showed that lettuce had the highest membership function value in L2 light intensity conditions, indicating that the lettuce grown under this light intensity could obtain higher yield and better quality. This study provides a new insight into finding the best environmental factors to balance plant nutrition and growth.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular mechanisms of the effects of light intensity and photoperiod on ovarian development in Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)

Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) has important economic value in China and internationally. In this research, the comparative transcriptome analysis was used to reveal molecular mechanisms of influences of photoperiod and light intensity on ovarian development in P. clarkii for the first time. Some genes (such as laminin, collagen, integrin beta, catenin) and pathways (including TGF-beta signaling pathway, focal adhesion, ECM–receptor interaction) associated with ovarian development and oocyte maturation were significantly upregulated. Some genes related to circadian clock (such as CLK, PER) were identified in this research. The results indicated that when light intensity or photoperiod increased, P. clarkii could up-regulate the expression levels of the laminin and collagen, thereby synthesizing related proteins, promoting meiosis of the oocytes, thus increasing the number of oocytes in the ovary. At the same time, P. clarkii could up-regulate the expression levels of integrin beta, integrin alpha 6, and diacylglycerol to synthesize related proteins, thereby promoting the formation of proteins and fats such as triglycerides, these proteins and fats can provide material basis for maturation and development of oocytes, resulting in oocyte maturation and ovarian development. P. clarkii could synthesize related proteins by upregulating expression levels of genes (such as catenin), these proteins or hormones can adhere to other actins (such as integrins), thereby stabilizing the morphology of the oocytes and ensuring normal development. Meantime, the increase in light intensity or photoperiod could cause release GSH and VTG, resulting in oocytes development and maturation. The data in this research can reveal molecular mechanisms of impacts of photoperiod and light intensity on oocyte maturation and ovarian development in P. clarkii, can offer crucial genomic data for studying developmental mechanisms of ovary and oocyte in crustacean.

Effect of Curing Light with Different Intensities on the Penetration of Silver and Fluoride Ions and Dentin Hardness in Primary Carious Molars Following Silver Diamine Fluoride Application: A Comparative Microscopic Ex Vivo Study.

A paradigm shift from surgical to medical approach for caries management has popularized silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a preventive and interim caries arrest medicament. Few studies conducted have explored the effect of curing light on SDF's microbial property, its penetration, and effect on dentin. However, there is a research gap regarding the effect of different intensities of curing light on SDF performance. To determine the effect of different curing light intensities on SDF penetration depth and dentin hardness in carious lesions of primary molars. Silver diamine fluoride was applied on 30 extracted carious primary molars. Teeth were randomly allocated into three groups-(1) control group, no light curing after application of SDF; (2) light curing of SDF with low intensity (1000 mW/cm2); and (3) light curing of SDF with high intensity (2500 mW/cm2). A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was performed to check ion penetration after 1 week, and a Vickers hardness test was used to assess dentin hardness of both infected and affected dentin layers at 1-week and 1-month intervals. Based on the distribution of data, parametric and nonparametric tests were applied. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 5%. Silver diamine fluoride penetrated beyond the carious lesion in all three groups. The mean silver ion precipitation in infected dentin in group III (16.90 ± 0.68) was maximum, whereas it was found to be minimum in group II (7.31 ± 0.63). The mean fluoride ion precipitation in affected dentin in group III (4.06 ± 0.41) was highest and least in group II (3.09 ± 0.58). A considerable increase in mean dentin hardness of infected dentin was observed in all three groups (214.00 ± 89.06, 218.00 ± 75.17, 231.00 ± 98.86, respectively; p < 0.001) after 1 month. Applying SDF to carious lesions using a high-intensity dental curing light induced more silver ion precipitation in infected dentin and increased its hardness. Bhatt R, Patel M, Thakkar A, et al. Effect of Curing Light with Different Intensities on the Penetration of Silver and Fluoride Ions and Dentin Hardness in Primary Carious Molars Following Silver Diamine Fluoride Application: A Comparative Microscopic Ex Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(7):766-772.

Effects of post-curing light intensity on the trueness, compressive strength, and resin polymerization characteristics of 3D-printed 3-unit fixed dental prostheses.

To investigate the effect of different post-curing light intensities on the trueness, compressive strength, and resin polymerization of 3D-printed 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FPD). A total of 60 specimens were prepared to support a 3-unit FDP with a deep chamfer marginal design, utilizing computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology. Light-polymerizing FDP resin with varying light intensities (105, 210, 420, and 840mW/cm2) was employed for 10 min. Subsequently, trueness assessment, fracture load testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) surface examination, and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis were conducted. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to ascertain the differences between the experimental groups (p < 0.05). The group exposed to 210mW/cm2 showed the highest trueness (57.6 ± 2.1 µm), while the 840mW/cm2 group had the highest deviation (79.3 ± 2.7 µm) (p < 0.001). Significant differences in fracture resistance were found between groups (p < 0.001), with mean fracture strengths of 1149.77 ± 67.81 N, 1264.92 ± 39.06 N, 1331.34 ± 53.62 N, and 1439.93 ± 34.58 N for light intensities of 105, 210, 420, and 840mW/cm2, respectively (p < 0.001). The resin polymerization analysis shows a peak intensity surge at 3579 cm-1 for O-H and C-H stretching vibrations, except in samples exposed to 105 mw/cm2 light, with the lowest peak at 2890 cm-1. The performance of resin polymerization is most significant under the condition of 840mW/cm2. The light intensity of 210mW/cm2 exhibited the highest trueness, while the 840mW/cm2 group showed the highest deviation. However, the light intensity of 840mW/cm2 demonstrated the highest compressive strength. Furthermore, polymerization occurred at all post-treatment light intensities except 105mW/cm2. These findings indicate that while low-intensity usage offers greater trueness, high-intensity usage provides better compressive strength and polymerization. Therefore, 210mW/cm2 could be the recommended solution for post-curing.

The Effect of Light Intensity during Cultivation and Postharvest Storage on Mustard and Kale Microgreen Quality.

Microgreens are vegetable greens that are harvested early while they are still immature and have just developed cotyledons. One of the disadvantages and a challenge in production is that they exhibit a short shelf life and may be damaged easily. In seeking to prolong the shelf life, some pre- and postharvest interventions have been investigated. Here, kale and mustard microgreens were grown in a controlled-environment walk-in chamber at +21/17 °C, with ~65% relative air humidity, while maintaining the spectral composition of deep red 61%, blue 20%, white 15%, and far red 4% (150, 200, and 250 µmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)). Both microgreens seemed to exhibit specific and species-dependent responses. Higher PPFD during growth and storage in light conditions resulted in increased contents of TPC in both microgreens on D5. Additionally, 150 and 250 PPFD irradiation affected the α-tocopherol content by increasing it during postharvest storage in kale. On D0 150 for kale and 200 PPFD for mustard microgreens, β-carotene content increased. D5 for kale showed insignificant differences, while mustard responded with the highest β-carotene content, under 150 PPFD. Our findings suggest that both microgreens show beneficial outcomes when stored in light compared to dark and that mild photostress is a promising tool for nutritional value improvement and shelf-life prolongation.

Chemical-mechanical synergetic effect of single crystal SiC polishing using Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) magnetic photo-Fenton catalyst

Achieving an atomically smooth surface on single-crystal silicon carbide (SiC) with a high material removal rate (MRR) is challenging. Traditional chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) often uses aggressive slurries that are inefficient and environmentally hazardous. To address these challenges, we synthesized a novel core-shell structure Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) magnetic catalyst and utilized it as a non-homogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst in friction wear tests on SiC wafers within a simulated CMP environment. The catalyst was thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Additionally, we explored the effects of various components, pH levels, H2O2 concentrations, catalyst concentrations, and light intensities on the friction wear of SiC wafers. The results indicate that, under visible light conditions, Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) exhibits a strong Fenton catalytic effect, achieving a maximum material removal rate of 61.076*103μm3/min at a pH of 3, H2O2 concentration of 5 wt%, catalyst concentration of 14 g/L, and light intensity of 500 W. These findings provide valuable theoretical support for visible light assisted catalyzed CMP of SiC.

The effects of acoustic-light-thermal environment quality parameters on pedestrians’ overall comforts in residential districts

This study explored subjective responses towards various environmental quality parameters. It would be helpful to approach an overall comfort improvement relating to physics. In order to investigate the combined effects of sound, light and heat on the overall comfort of pedestrians, which could be evaluated by overall comfort vote, two residential areas in Yubei District, Chongqing (a Cfa city in China) were selected for field measurements and questionnaires. Three were three key findings were concluded based on subjective responses to environmental parameters via multiple linear regression. First, the average outdoor neutral temperature, mean neutral sound level and neutral illumination intensity were determined to be 26.6 °C (determined by physiologically equivalent temperature), 56.5 dBA (determined by A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level) and 21.4 klx (determined by LUX), respectively. Second, considering the effects of both physiology and psychology, thermal perceptions varied for acoustic and light environments. Residents partially had lower neutral temperatures at the noisy condition. Third, environmental quality factors had a significant effect on overall comfort. Positive correlation between physiologically equivalent temperature and overall comfort vote was found (sig < 0.000); while the effects of sound pressure and light intensity were not always significant. Hence, thermal stress played a significant role in people’s overall comfort. This study has explored the effects of three environment quality parameters on human perceptions. It provided better understanding against dwellers’ feelings under complex circumstances. Future urban design and planning works should consider the cooling factors regarding contextual acoustical and visual environments.

Effect of UV Light Intensity on Methylene Blue Degradation by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: A Distance-Based Study

Effect of UV Light Intensity on Methylene Blue Degradation by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: A Distance-Based Study

Identification of genes involved in the tomato root response to Globodera rostochiensis parasitism under varied light conditions.

Understanding the intricate interplay between abiotic and biotic stresses is crucial for deciphering plant responses and developing resilient cultivars. Here, we investigate the combined effects of elevated light intensity and nematode infection on tomato seedlings. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed significant enhancements in PSII quantum yield and photochemical fluorescence quenching under high light conditions. qRT-PCR analysis of stress-related marker genes exhibited differential expression patterns in leaves and roots, indicating robust defense and antioxidant responses. Despite root protection from light, roots showed significant molecular changes, including downregulation of genes associated with oxidative stress and upregulation of genes involved in signaling pathways. Transcriptome analysis uncovered extensive gene expression alterations, with light exerting a dominant influence. Notably, light and nematode response synergistically induced more differentially expressed genes than individual stimuli. Functional categorization of differentially expressed genes upon double stimuli highlighted enrichment in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and amino acid metabolism, whereas the importance of specific pathogenesis-related pathways decreased. Overall, our study elucidates complex plant responses to combined stresses, emphasizing the importance of integrated approaches for developing stress-resilient crops in the face of changing environmental conditions.