Effect Of Inflow Research Articles

Turbine vane endwall aerothermal and film cooling performance considering realistic swirling inflow conditions

The turbine vane inlet downstream of the lean premixed combustor presents nonuniform distributions of velocity and temperature. For obtaining swirling inflow profiles close to reality, the simulated non-reacting combustor is designed firstly. Applying these profiles as inflow boundary conditions, the effects of realistic swirling inflow on the turbine vane endwall aerothermal characteristics and film cooling performance are numerically investigated through solving the three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the shear stress transfer ([Formula: see text]) turbulence model. Two swirling orientations (anticlockwise and clockwise) and five swirling core pitch-wise positions (aligned with vane 1 to vane 2) are considered in the current work. The results indicate that the residual vortices in the vane passage are strengthened and move with the swirling core along the pitch-wise direction. The migration of the horseshoe vortex is controlled by this movement. The shrinkage or expansion of the separation line of the horseshoe vortex can be observed under the anticlockwise and clockwise swirling inflow conditions respectively. The anticlockwise swirling inflow results in a larger aerodynamic loss by a 10%–35% increase of the laterally [Formula: see text]. The high Nu region near the pressure side surface enlarges and the area-averaged Nu at [Formula: see text] increases from 2337.9 to 2878.3. For the cases with clockwise swirling inflow, the area of the hot ring is enlarged and the Nu downstream of the row 3 film holes is decreased. As for the film cooling performance, the endwall coverage area shrinks and the phantom cooling area enlarges when the anticlockwise swirling core is aligned with vane 2. The endwall loses the protection from the row 3 film holes and the cooling failure ([Formula: see text]) occurs at [Formula: see text] when the swirling core is aligned with the vane passage. This is an extremely bad phenomenon that should be avoided. Among all cases, the highest endwall area-averaged [Formula: see text] (0.122) is obtained when the clockwise swirling core is aligned with vane 1. The largest endwall coverage area is achieved when the clockwise swirling core is aligned with vane 2.

Examining the Effect of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Activities on Urban Land Expansion in Transitional Vietnam

Despite abundant literature studies on the economic impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on developing countries, few studies have investigated the impact on spatial urbanization. This study explored the spatiotemporal distribution of FDI inflows and its impact on urban land expansion in Vietnam, a transition country in Southeast Asia. While previous research was limited to specific case studies due to data limitations, this study used panel data from provincial-level regions nationwide on FDI inflows and urban land change between 2000 and 2018. The study applied panel and spatial panel models to examine the direct and indirect impact of FDI on urban land growth in the host and neighboring provinces. FDI inflows in Vietnam were most prominent in the manufacturing and real estate sectors and spatially concentrated in the metropolitan regions and coastal areas. The estimated model revealed that an increase in FDI inflows positively affected urban land expansion in the host province and that regions had spatial autocorrelation and were spatially grouped. On the other hand, it negatively affected urban land expansion in neighboring provinces. The results showed that the positive effect of FDI was significant in provinces with high-rank FDI inflows compared to surrounding areas. However, in some provinces with relatively small inflows of FDI, the negative indirect effect is greater than the direct effect, and urban land expansion may decrease due to FDI into neighboring provinces. This result implies that FDI inflows have influenced deepening regional disparities in urban growth. It needs an institutional response for regional management of the economic and environmental spillover effects of FDI inflows.

On the Nexus of Foreign Capital Inflow, Volatility, Financial Development and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Sectoral Approach

There is increasing concern among policymakers over the effect of capital inflows and volatility on economic growth. The empirical literature on the foreign capital - growth nexus in subSaharan Africa has, however, focused on aggregate growth overlooking sector-specific dynamics that might lead to varying responses. This study, therefore, examines whether the impacts of capital inflows and volatility in the region vary across different sectors, namely service, industry, and agriculture over the period 1990 to 2017. It also assesses the role of financial development. The study employed the dynamic panel ordinary least square technique due to its ability to correct for serial correlation and endogeneity. The results reveal that capital flows and volatility have varying effects on the three sectors. In the service sector, only aid exerted a significant negative effect while FDI and cross-border bank lending volatilities showed a depressing effect. Regarding the agricultural sector, only FDI had a negative impact, with the rest showing significant positive relationships. Concerning industrial growth, FDI and remittances had the potential to drive growth, while aid exhibited negative impacts. The findings thus have some policy implications. Policymakers in sub-Saharan Africa could target FDI and remittances to develop the industrial sector while aid and remittances could be channeled into the agricultural sector.

Analyzing the Impact of Foreign Capital Inflows on the Current Account Balance in Developing Economies: A Panel Data Approach

This research has explored the effects of foreign capital inflows on the current account deficit in developing countries from 1995 to 2020. The study considers various factors such as import demand, export demand, foreign direct investment, foreign debt, economic growth, foreign remittances, and foreign reserves as independent variables. The analysis utilizes the panel autoregressive distributed lag approach to examine both the long-run and short-run relationships between the dependent and independent variables. Moreover, the study employs the Panel Granger causality test to evaluate the causal connections among the selected variables. The results indicate that import demand, foreign debt, and remittance inflows positively affect the current account deficit in developing countries. Conversely, export demand, foreign direct investment, economic growth, and foreign reserves have a negative impact on the current account deficit. Consequently, it is recommended that developing countries prioritize the augmentation of stable and substantial foreign reserves as a strategy to alleviate the level of the current account deficit.”

Effect of International Remittance Inflows on Investment and Economic Growth in Ethiopia

According to the World Bank migration and development report, Ethiopia is among the top remittance-receiving countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. But little attention was given to evaluating the effect of remittance inflows on the Ethiopian economy. Therefore, this paper investigated the relationship between international remittance inflows, private investment, and economic growth in Ethiopia over the year 1991-2020. This study has applied ARDL methods of co-integration to explore the relationship between these economic variables. The result from the econometric analysis indicated that international remittance has a significant positive effect on both private investment and economic growth in the long run. But its effect was found to be statistically insignificant in the short run, though the coefficients are positive. The descriptive analysis also clearly shows that remittance inflow to Ethiopia continuously declined after 2014, though the total number of migrants leaving the country is increasing. This could be mainly because of political instability and the current COVID-19 pandemic effect.

An impact analysis of macroeconomic factors on South Asia’s renewable energy output

PurposeSouth Asia is one of the fastest-growing regions in the world. With its fast economic development, the energy requirement for the region has rapidly grown. As the region relies mainly on nonrenewable energy sources and is suffering from issues like pollution, the high cost of energy imports, depleting foreign reserves, etc. it is searching for those factors that can help enhance the renewable energy generation for the region. Thus, taking these issues into consideration, this paper aims to investigate the impact of macroeconomic factors that can contribute to the enhancement of renewable energy output in South Asia.Design/methodology/approachAn autoregressive distributed lag methodology has been applied to examine the long-term effects of remittance inflows, literacy rate, energy imports, government expenditures and urban population growth on the renewable energy output of South Asia by using time series data from 1990 to 2021.FindingsThe findings indicated that remittance inflows have a negative and insignificant long-term effect on renewable electricity output. While it was discovered that energy imports, government spending and urban population growth have negative but significant effects on renewable electricity output, literacy rates have positive and significant effects.Originality/valueConsidering the importance of renewable energy, this is one of the few studies that has included critical macroeconomic variables that can affect renewable energy output for the region. The findings contribute to the body of knowledge that a high literacy level is crucial for promoting renewable energy output, while governments and policymakers should prioritize reducing energy imports and ensuring that government expenditures on renewable energy output are properly used. SAARC, the governing body of the region, also benefits from this study while devising the renewable energy output policies for the region.

Application of Idealised Modelling and Data Analysis for Assessing the Compounding Effects of Sea Level Rise and Altered Riverine Inflows on Estuarine Tidal Dynamics

Estuaries worldwide are experiencing increasing threats from climate change, particularly from the compounding effects of sea level rise (SLR) and varying magnitude of river inflows. Understanding the tidal response of estuaries to these effects can guide future management and help assess ecological concerns. However, there is limited existing understanding on how estuarine tidal dynamics may respond to the compounding effects of SLR and altered riverine inflows in different estuaries. To partially address this knowledge gap, this study used data analysis and scrutinised idealised hydrodynamic models of different estuary shapes and boundary conditions to (i) identify broad effects of SLR on estuarine tidal dynamics under various river inflow conditions, (ii) determine how longitudinal cross-sections are impacted by these effects, and (iii) highlight some implications for environmental risk management. Results indicated that short- to moderate-length, high convergent estuaries experience the greatest and short- to moderate-length prismatic and low convergent estuaries experience the least variations in their overall tidal dynamics (i.e., tidal range, current velocity, and asymmetry). These variations were most evident in estuaries with large riverine inflows and macrotidal conditions. Compounding effects of SLR and altered riverine inflows induced spatially heterogenous changes to tidal range, current velocity, and asymmetry, with transects nearest to the estuary mouth/head and at a three-quarter estuary length (measured from estuary mouth) identified as the most and the least vulnerable zones, respectively. These findings provide an initial broad assessment of some effects of climate change in estuaries and may help to prioritise future investigations.

Effect of foreign capital inflows on domestic credit to the private sector in sub‐Saharan Africa

AbstractThis study examines the effect of foreign capital inflow on domestic credit to the private sector in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Estimates based on the system‐generalized method of moments, Pooled Mean Group and fully modified OLS estimators using panel data on 33 SSA countries from 1996 to 2019 establish the following results. First, foreign direct investment (FDI) positively affects domestic credit in the short and long run. Second, the effect of official credit on domestic credit is negative in the short and long run. Third, the US Treasury Bill rate negatively relates to domestic credit to the private sector in the short and long run. Improving policies to enhance the favourable effect of FDI on domestic credit may reduce borrowing from official sources to eliminate its undesirable effect.

After 1980 the Increase of Foreign Capital Banks in the Turkish Banking System by Ownership Structure and Its Effects on the Financial Performance of the Sector

In the climate of rapid transformation in the Turkish economy and integration with global economies, new players have emerged in many sectors. For the last decades, the general economic outlook has begun to diversify and become an economy in which not only domestic companies but also foreign capital companies operate. Especially after 1980, policies involving financial liberalization have increased foreign capital inflows into the banking sector of Turkish economy over time. In this context, the ownership status of most of the national private banks has changed by mergers and acquisitions. Also, there is a rapid increase in the number of new foreign banks which were established and started to operate across the sector. The aim of this study is to search the effects of foreign capital inflow into Turkish banking sector for the last decades. For this reason in the first place, a general information has been given about the economic policies and the change in the financial system in Turkey since 1980. After that, a variety of performance measurements have been examined in this study. Namely, apart from the public banks, state-owned commercial banks, privately-owned commercial banks and the banks owned by foreign capital in Turkey have been taken in to consideration and the selected ratios/indicators of the relevant banks have been compared with the sector averages. The observations and comparisons have been made mainly on a period of last ten years, between 2009-2019. While the reasons that attract multinational companies and foreign capital banks to the Turkish economy and the effects of the increase in the number of foreign capital banks in the sector are discussed, the financial performances of foreign banks are examined by comparing them with the performances of other public and private banks

주택시장 하락기에 국제학교 입지가 아파트 매매 가격에 미친 영향

This study examines the effect of the Songdo International School on apartment sales prices in surrounding area during the downturn of the housing economy. It also compares the result with its effect in stable period of housing economy in surrounding area. The variables affecting the housing sales prices at the time of analysis are considered and the conventional hedonic price modeling is applied. As a result, the accessibility of the international school has a positive effect on the apartment sales prices regardless of housing market conditions. The effect of the accessibility of the international school is greater during the stable period than during the downturn period of housing economy. In addition, the effect of population inflow due to the international school is estimated as the result of the increase in the population of Songdo new town area and the increase in the proportion of the local population in Yeonsu-gu.

Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Africa: Another Look from the WAEMU Region

Using panel cointegration and Granger causality techniques for the period 1994 to 2018, this article empirically explores the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Contrary to the literature’s widely accepted opinion, we find no evidence of a causal relationship between FDI inflows and economic growth in the WAEMU region. This surprising result can be explained by the weakness of absorptive capacity factors as pointed out by the literature. However, we find contrary to the literature that the importance of absorptive capacity is a necessary but not sufficient condition to ensure the growth impact of FDI in these countries. The Null effect of FDI inflows on growth is also explained by the structural FDI sector-oriented puzzle observed in these countries. Sectors attracting the most FDI inflows are the ones that contribute the least to economic growth. Conversely, sectors contributing the most to economic growth are those which attract the least foreign capital. This finding provides crucial policy implications for the WAEMU region in terms of rethinking their FDI attractiveness policies in favor of more efficient, and inclusive economic growth.

Exploring the interactive effects of environmental quality and financial development in top ten remittance-receiving countries: do technological effect matter?

There is a great linkage between environmental mitigation and economic growth. Several studies stretch this linkage as an environmental Kuznets curve (ECK) association. This practice revisits the linkage between environmental degradation and remittance inflow for the circumstance of the top ten remittance-receiving economies by embracing a fresh process of panel quantile regression (PQR) method to achieve the country-specific anatomy over the period between 1980 and 2018. Our research affords a more respectful seeing of the heterogeneous effects of the technological effects and remittance inflow on environmental pollution in the top ten remittance-receiving economies. Precisely, our analysis of PQR findings affords the obviousness of an inverted N-shaped EKC hypothesis of the technological effects of financial development on environmental quality from the 10th to 60th quantile. As regards the technical effects of remittance inflow, an N-shaped EKC has been spotted across from the 40th to 60th quantile. Finally, the interaction effects of financial development and remittance inflow pursue negative and significant effects on carbon dioxide emissions across all quantiles. Some injunctions that were most built-in in this introduced survey are the top ten remittance-receiving economies that ought to line programs that inhibit investors to involve remittance inflows to perform sustainability surrounding.

Estimating relationships among foreign direct investment, governance quality, and economic growth in developing countries using the threshold auto‐regressive model

AbstractThis study examines the triangular relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth, and governance quality for 102 developing countries over the period 2000–2018. Compared with the work carried out until now, the novelty of this research lies in using the panel threshold regression (PTR) model to determine the optimal level of governance quality, which, once attained, will make economic growth increase with FDI inflows. We found that the nexus between these three variables is nonlinear. Besides, results show that there is no significant relationship between FDI and economic growth below the threshold level of −1.20 for global governance index (GGI). The results showed that the positive and significant effect of FDI inflows on economic growth begins to manifest once the GGI exceeds this threshold of −1.20. Several policies are proposed and discussed.

Optimal energy portfolio allocation method for regulable hydropower plants considering the impact of new energy generation

With the growing penetration of new energy sources, the impact of new energy generation on the income of the energy portfolio is becoming more significant. This paper proposes a risk measurement method based on the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) approach to measure the income risk from new energy generation on the energy portfolio. The superiority is proved by comparing it with the method only considering spot price fluctuations. Then, we constructed an energy allocation model of the hydropower plant to maximize the combined income-risk utility. In solving the optimal allocation of the energy portfolio, the effects of inflow and water level on the risk aversion parameters of the hydropower plant are considered. The results and comparison show that the proposed risk measurement method increases the income of the energy portfolio by 12%, and the proposed risk aversion parameter’s adjustment strategy can increase the income of the energy portfolio by 5.8% and reduces the CVaR value by 14.5%. Moreover, the method that considers the income risk from new energy generation can provide favorable conditions for improved new energy accommodation and safe operation of the system.

A Multi-Sectoral Analysis of Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Nigeria’s Output Growth

This research work examined the Multi-Sectoral Analysis of effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Nigeria’s Output Growth ranging from 1990-2020, covering a period of 30 years. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is undoubtedly a key source of external capital to many emerging economies. Nigeria is one of the renowned destinations for FDI in Africa. Inflows of FDI in Nigeria are not significant when compared to some other developing countries. This research explores issues pertaining to sectoral allocation of FDI in the major sectors of the Nigerian economy. Technically, it focused on the effect of FDI on Nigeria’s sectoral output growth. Foreign Direct Investment Proxied as FDI is the explanatory variable while Interest Rate proxied as INTR and Exchange Rate as EXR are the control variables while Mining & Quarrying (MQGDP), Manufacturing & Processing (MPGDP), Agricultural Sector (AGGDP), Information & Communication (ICGDP) Output are the dependent variables. The central objective of this research work is to determine the effect of FDI inflows, on Mining & Quarrying (MQGDP), Manufacturing & Processing (MPGDP), Agricultural Sector (AGGDP), Information& Communication (ICGDP) Output and also Interest Rate and Exchange Rate as control Variables. It employed the use of secondary and time series data using statistical tool such as Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL), Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root to test for the stationarity of the Data, Johanson Co-integration to test for long-run equilibrium relationship that exist among the variables under study. The p.value of FDI on MQGDP, MPGDP, AGGDP, ICGDP are 0.3767, 0.5846, 0.3155, 0.8498and effect of INTR on MQGDP, MPGDP, AGGDP, ICGDP are 0.8015, 0.7097, 0.9200, 0.8426 and effect of EXR on MQGDP, MPGDP, AGGDP, ICGDP are 0.4172, 0.9330, 0.5513, 0.1755 respectively showing that none is significant. The result shows that FDI, INTR &EXR impacted positively on the output growth of MQGDP, AGGDP & ICGDP while, only FDI impacted positively on MPGDP with INTR & EXR exerting negative effect on it. Based on the findings, the study recommends amongst others that government should encourage the inflow of more FDI into the various sectors by creating an enabling environment and formulating strategic socio-economic policies that will enhance the ease of doing business in Nigeria and boost investor’s confidence.

TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

Prior studies have mainly attributed the reason for suboptimal economic growth rate in Sub-Saharan Africa as home-made majorly caused by misguided economic policies which have distorted the flow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows to the region despite efforts of Transnational Corporations in the region and its growing presence in her core sectors. In view of these, the main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between Gross Domestic Product and economic growth in Nigeria. The study is anchored on Internalization Theory. The study relied on secondary sources of data obtained from CBN Statistical Bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics for the period 1999-2018. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed a significant positive effect of FDI inflows on Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria. Based on this, the study recommends among others that the need for government to woo more of transnational firms in the various sectors of the economy in order to gain the advantage of technology transfer to Nigeria.

Entrepreneurship, foreign direct investments and economic wealth in Africa

The paper seeks to examine the joint effect of entrepreneurship and FDI inflows on economic wealth in Africa. It employs a dynamic system GMM for a panel dataset of 52 African economies between 2006 and 2020. The study finds that FDI inflows induced a negative impact on the ease of doing business but it increases the business capital start-ups of entrepreneurs. We find that entrepreneurship reduces economic wealth in the short term but in the long-term entrepreneurship positively affect economic wealth. The results show that FDI inflows increase economic wealth and that FDI is an important channel through which entrepreneurship can impact economic wealth. We find evidence to support that ease of doing business and FDI inflows are substitutes while minimum capital of starting business complements FDI inflows in determining economic wealth. Based on the marginal effects, we conclude that entrepreneurship reduces economic wealth but improves economic wealth when the level of FDI inflows increases in a country. The implication is that countries should provide strategies that promote economic wealth of individuals, people and entrepreneurs through prudent business development framework and FDI supports in the short term.

Effect of Aid-for-Trade Flows on Investment-Oriented Remittance Flows

Despite the voluminous literature on the effect of aid-for-trade (AfT) flows on recipient countries’ trade performance, little is known about the relationship between AfT flows and other capital flows to developing countries. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the effect of AfT inflows on investment-oriented remittance inflows, notably through the channel of trade costs. Using an unbalanced panel data set of 106 countries over the period 2002–2019 and the two-step system generalized method of moments, the empirical analysis establishes several outcomes. AfT flows exert a positive effect on investment-oriented remittance flows, where the magnitude of this positive effect is higher in least-developed countries and in remittance-dependent countries than in other countries. AfT flows stimulate investment-oriented remittance flows in countries that face higher trade costs. The analysis shows that AfT flows could be important leverages for stimulating investment-oriented remittance flows and could promote the development of the private sector in beneficiary countries.

Similar Signatures of Coplanar Gas Inflow and Disk Warps in Galactic Gas Kinematic Maps

Hydrodynamic simulations suggest that galactic gas disks form when coplanar gas spirals into the inner regions of the disk. We recently presented a simple modified accretion disk model of viscous galactic disks in which star formation is fed by a radial flow of gas. However, little observational evidence has been presented for such inflows, which are expected to be only a few kilometers per second in the central regions of the disk, i.e., within four disk scale lengths, but could reach of order 50–100 km s−1 in the very outer disk. The effects of systematic inflow on the 2D velocity field are examined and it is shown that these are quite similar to those produced by geometric warps of the disks, with twist distortions of both the kinematic major and minor axes. This makes it potentially difficult to distinguish between these in practice. By comparing the handedness of the observed twisting of the kinematic axes and of the spiral arms for a sample of nearby galaxies, we find (assuming that the spiral arms are generally trailing) that the effects of warps are in fact likely to dominate over the effects of radial inflows. However, the common practice of treating these twist distortions of the kinematic major and minor axes as being due only to warps can lead, for galaxies of low-to-intermediate inclinations, to substantial underestimates of any systematic inflow.

Refugees from Ukraine on the Polish labour market

Introduction: Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, triggered the largest forced migration in Europe since World War II. By April, net migration at the Polish-Ukrainian border reached 2.1 million, including 2 million Ukrainian citizens. Objective: In this paper, we evaluate the integration and effects of the refugee inflow in the short term. Materials and methods: In this paper, we study the spatial distribution of Ukrainian refugees, the determinants of their decision on where to settle, their professional situation after arriving in Poland, and finally, the short-term consequences of the migration wave on the Polish labour market. We focus on the period between February and April 2022, as the available administrative data we use it in this study covers it.Results: First, the Ukrainian refugees in Poland largely followed the pre-war locations of Ukrainian economic migrants. Better economic opportunities, hotel accommodations availability, and public administration funding are other factors associated with higher refugee inflows at the county level. Second, the employment of refugees is relatively high, especially considering challenges related to childcare and language barriers. However, skill mismatch is an issue, as most refugees are relatively well educated, but most work in elementary occupations. Third, our econometric results show that the refugee inflow did not affect the labour market outcomes of the Polish population and other migrants.