Effects Of Husbands Research Articles

His Unemployment and Her Reaction: The Effect of Husbands' Unemployment on Wives

This article reviews the literature on wives' reactions to their husbands' unemployment to identify effects that would be of interest to researchers or clinicians and to contribute to the knowledge base on economic functioning and family dynamics. The first part identifies the research evidence, and the second part discusses the implications of the findings.

The Effect of Husband's Occupational Attainment on Wife's Achievement

The Effect of Husband's Occupational Attainment on Wife's Achievement

Fecundability and husband's age

The effect of husband's age on the probability of conception is evaluated from World Fertility Survey data in five developing countries: the Ivory Coast, Ghana Kenya, the Sudan, and Syria. Proportional hazards models, which include wife's age, husband's age, marriage duration, union type, and post-partum exposure as covariates, are used to describe the monthly conception rate for second and higher-order birth intervals in which no contraception was used. With the exception of Syria, the resulting models indicate that the effects of male age are generally small in relation to the influences of marital duration and the age of the woman.

HUSBANDS' EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND SUPPORT FOR WIVES' RETURN TO SCHOOL

This study used data collected during intensive interviews with 44 returning women students and 33 of their husbands to investigate the effects of husbands' educational attainment on their attitudes toward their wives' enrollment and on their provision of instrumental support during the first year in a university. As hypothesized, well-educated husbands held more positive attitudes toward their wives' enrollment than did less-educated husbands; however, contrary to expectations, well-educated husbands provided their wives with lower levels of instrumental support than did less-educated husbands. Less-educated husbands appear to have provided their wives with higher levels of instrumental support because they were more likely to believe that their wives' increasing educational attainment would raise the total family income.

Wives Employed Off the Farm: Impact on Lifestyle Satisfaction

Lifestyle satisfaction was examined in a seven‐state survey investigating the ef fects of off‐farm employment on farm families. Factor analysis determined that two factors identified as equity and financial security were dimensions of lifestyle satisfaction; and, for those who were parents, parenthood satisfaction formed a third dimension. A repeated measures analysis of variance on overall lifestyle satisfaction and on each underlying dimension determined that regardless of wives' employment status, wives were more satisfied with life overall than hus bands; wives were less satisfied than husbands with equity; and husbands were more satisfied with financial security than wives. The effects of husband and wife ages, type of farm organization, farm size, and presence of children at home were also investigated. Results suggest that employment of the farm wife in an off‐farm job has a different impact on men and women. Women's off‐farm employment appears to impact women's lifestyle satisfaction more than men's.

Wife's Status and Family Social Standing

In this article, I analyze the effect of husbands' and wives' statuses on class self-placement. While the effect of wife's occupation is greater for employed wives than it is for their husbands, both employed women and their husbands attribute far greater importance to the husband's occupation. For couples in which the wife is a housewife, the class self-placement of both husbands and wives is far more strongly affected by husband's status than by wife's education. Overall, wives' characteristics make little difference either to husbands' or to wives' estimation of their social standing. The somewhat higher class self-placement of members of couples in which the wife has no paid job suggests the persistence of a patriarchal one-earner norm.

Correlates of Mood and Marital Satisfaction Among Dual-Worker and Single-Worker Couples

The study investigated whether previously identified determinants of marital satisfaction were unique to dual-worker couples or were predictive of marital success in general for both dual and single-worker couples. The results showed considerable similarity in the predictors of success for dual-worker and for single-worker couples. However, the effects of husbands' characteristics varied with both wives' employment status and with the number of preschool children in the family. Husbands' expressive and nurturant characteristics were most important to their wives' satisfaction when the wife was employed and when there were multiple preschool children in the family. Implications of these findings for studying dual-worker couples and for person-environment fit theories are discussed.

Effects of Husband's and Wife's Social Status on Psychological Functioning

This study explores the importance of each spouse's social stratification position for the other's psychological functioning, challenging long-held assumptions that husband's social-stratification position represents the stratification position of all family members. Using a national sample of 249 employed couples, effects of own and spouse's education, occupational status, and income are assessed on three dimensions of psychological functioning: ideational flexibility, self-directedness of orientation, and distress. The method of analysis involves linear structural equation models. Own stratification position is consistently more important than spouse's. Nonetheless, husband's social-stratification position does have a significant effect on wife's ideationalflexibility. Analysis of the reciprocal relationships between husband's and wife's self-directedness of orientation shows that husband's self-directedness has a much stronger effect on wife's self-directedness than her selfdirectedness has on his, suggesting that the process by which stratification position of husband affects wife's self-directedness is indirect: his social-stratification position affects his personality, and his personality in turn affects his wife's personality.

Effects of Husbands' Work Experiences on Wives' Marital Satisfaction

Abstract Despite persistent suggestions that excessive work involvement or negative work-related experiences would have an adverse influence on the marital relationship, no conclusive empirical data support this assumption. The association between 50 husbands' work-related experiences (job involvement, job satisfaction, and perceptions of organizational climate) and their wives' marital satisfaction was assessed. Multiple regression analysis revealed that husbands' perceptions of the organizational climate and their job satisfaction were related to their spouses' marital satisfaction in a significant, positive, and linear manner.

The Effect of Husband's Unemployment on Marital and Family Relations in Blue-Collar Families

Previous studies of the effect of unemployment on blue-collar male workers and their families have shown a deterioration of worker self-esteem, marital adjustment, and family satisfaction. The majority of these studies were conducted during or shortly after the Great Depression and are limited in their methodological sophistication. This study provides a contemporary look at the effect of unemployment on husband and wife self-esteem, marital adjustment and communication, and satisfaction and harmony in family relations. In addition, the influence of traditional versus equalitarian marital role expectations was examined. Data collected from 41 unemployed couples and 40 employed couples showed that the unemployed did not have significantly lower feelings of self-esteem, but did report significantly lower marital adjustment, poorer marital communication, and lower satisfaction and harmony in family relations. Traditional marital role expectations had a negative effect on these marital and family life varibles. Changes in spreading patterns among the unemployed are discussed and the implications of the findings are explored.

Conjugal Work Roles and Marital Solidarity

WE propose a role homophily theory which posits that marriages are enhanced when spouses' roles are similar. We use cross-sectional survey data to determine how respondents' marital solidarity is affected by whether wives are employed, and by the occupationally derived socioeconomic status of both husbands and wives. We find that wives' employment has a positive effect on marital solidarity as perceived by both husbands and wives. This finding is consistent with role homophily theory, but inconsistent with the predictions of both sex-role differentiation and bargaining theories. When we examine effects of husbands' and wives' socioeconomic status on marital solidarity we find little support for any of the three theories. We conclude that role homophily theory is the best supported of the three theories.

Differences in the determinants of husbands' and working wives' class and political party identifications

Recent research has suggested that the occupational prestige of working wives influences their perceptions of personal social status beyond the effects of husbands' occupation. The present study uses data from the National Opinion Research Center General Social Surveys for 1973–1977 and incorporates stratification characteristics ignored in previous work. The results are consistent with past findings in that wives' occupational achievements had no impact on either the subjective class or political party identifications of husbands. Contrary to previous results, working wives' occupational prestige, while affecting their political party choice, had no independent effect on their perception of personal social status. The educational attainments of working wives, however, did affect their social class identification. Attempts at resolution of the apparent discrepancy between past and present findings are presented and implications are discussed.

Estimation of Fertility using a Stock-Adjustment Model

Develops a dynamic model of fertility behavior and estimates it empirically from 3 large interview studies. The decisions of couples regarding desired family size and desired spacings between children are considered at the same time. The specification of desired family size is based on the economic theory of the family that incorporates concepts of human capital allocation of time and nonmarket household behavior. Childspacing is estimated in the context of stock-adjustment model in which the variables that affect child spacing are included explicitly. The empirical results are consistent with a stock-adjustment framework because the estimated coefficients of the number of previous children (or number of living children) have negative signs that are statistically significant. The variables used for the estimate are fecundity variables contraception ever used date of birth and work status. The estimated coefficients generally have the expected signs and are statistically significant. The childspacing results expressed in terms of the proportion of respondents who had one child during the year and wanted one more child are reasonable. Virtually all the estimated results are in the 0-1 range. Estimates from all 3 surveys showed that the greater the number of additional children desired the more quickly the respondent acquires the next child. The effects of husbands and wives income showed similar patterns fertility usually being lowest in the intermediate income classes. Increased income may generate price effects that offset income effects in some ranges of income not only in terms of opportunity costs but in terms of the costs of raising children in a lifestyle similar to that of their parents. Educational variables were found to be inconsistent among the 3 surveys and not always significant. Taste variables (race religion and parity) had the expected effects. (Authors modified)

An Analysis of the Relationship between Husband's Income, Family Size and Wife's Employment in the Early Stages of Marriage

Data from a panel study of a marriage cohort are used to investigate the causal dynamics underlying the negative relationship between wife's employment and family size. Path analysis is used to reveal the effects of husband's income, wife's education, wife's age at marriage, family size at different points in time, and wife's early employment on both family size and wife's employment in subsequent time intervals. The results indicate that during the early stages of marriage and family building the presence of young children consistently exerts a strong negative effect on wife's employment. While younger children decrease wife's employment, there is some evidence of a positive effect on her employment from larger numbers of older children. In contrast, the effects from wife's employment to her subsequent fertility are less consistent. Husband's income and income changes remain consistently negatively related to the probability that the wife works. Strong effects are not found from wife's early work experience to subsequent work and family size.

The Effects of Husband and Wife Education on Family Planning in Rural Turkey

The effect of two family planning educational approaches--husband-wife and wife-only--on contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and practice in the Etimesgut Health District are evaluated. Data collected for education and control groups show that husband-wife education was more effective than wife-only education and that wife-only education was more effective than the education received by the control group. Data collected from husbands and wives show that education had a positive effect on changing attitudes toward family planning. Most clear cut are findings that participation of men in the educational programs increased recruitment to the family planning program and decreased contraceptive discontinuation.

Marriage and Occupational Attainment in Great Britain and the United States

Parallel analyses of the effects of the wife's social origin and educational attainment on husband's occupational attainment are presented for the two 0ountries. While the effects are very limited in the United States, they are quite strong in Britain. This appears to be a function of a combination of two major intersocietal differences: the weaker effect of husband's educational attainment on his occupational attainment in Britain, and the greater degree of assortative mating by educational attainment in the United States. These findings are discussed in light of expected differences in the stratification systems of the two countries, and suggestions are made for further investigation.

Marital Satisfaction in an Economically Marginal Population

This research examines the effect of husband's income and employment on the marital dyad in a marginally employed white population. The results suggest that husband's income and unemployment have no direct, additive effect on marital satisfaction or on the organization of marital roles. Furthermore, the relationship between marital satisfaction and marital roles is unaffected by controlling for economic variables. The data do show an interaction effect, however, between marital roles and husband's economic performance. The authors conclude that there is a threshold below which economic stresses and strains become important predictors of marital satisfaction independent of their impact on the organization of marital roles.

Absentee Husbands in Spiralist Families

This paper explores the effect of husbands' career pressures upon the role structure within a section of middle-class families who were at the childrearing stage of the family life cycle. The data is derived from observation, interviews and records of families living on a suburban housing estate. The paper is concerned with the way in which wives respond to the lack of support from husbands at the most demanding period in their family lives. It examines the process through which instrumental relationships between women gave rise to a distinctive subculture which offered support to women in domestic affairs and childrearing.

Ethnic Variations in the Relationship between Income and Fertility

The effects of husband'spotential andrelative incomes on completed fertility, as well as their effects on certain parity progression probabilities, are examined within samples of Anglos, Blacks and Mexican Americans. Relationships are estimated using data from the one-percent 1960 and 1970 U.S. Public Use Samples. The results reveal different patterns of relationship by ethnicity between the measures of income and the measures of fertility. The effects on completed fertility of the income measures are positive for Anglos and negative for Blacks, while in the case of Mexican Americans the effect ofpotential income is negative and that ofrelative income is positive. Income effects on the parity progression probabilities are similar in pattern to those from the analyses using completed fertility, although somewhat different patterns tend to appear at different birth orders, especially among Anglos.

Divorce. Effect of Husband's Death upon Payments Decreed for Support of Minor Child

Divorce. Effect of Husband's Death upon Payments Decreed for Support of Minor Child