Effect Of Hemorrhagic Shock Research Articles

The effects of hemorrhagic shock on the heart.

It has become abundantly clear that shock produced by hemorrhage, as well as by other means, is a multisystem disease involving cells of many organs (1). It is apparent, therefore, that no one organ system need be implicated as the “weak link” which, if strengthened, would prevent irreversibility after transfusion since there are many alternative vicious cycles that can lead to death. However, it is our contention that the heart is significantly damaged during the course of a shock episode, and that this damage is severe enough to lead to a functional defect. There is impressive physiologic and anatomic evidence that this probably is a major contributing factor to irreversibility in most instances.KeywordsHemorrhagic ShockMyocardial ContractilityHypovolemic ShockSympathetic StimulationContractile ElementThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Effect of hemorrhagic shock on renal oxygenation

ARTICLESEffect of hemorrhagic shock on renal oxygenationJ Strauss, AV Beran, R Baker, L Boydston, and JL Reyes-SanchezJ Strauss, AV Beran, R Baker, L Boydston, and JL Reyes-SanchezPublished Online:01 Dec 1971https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.221.6.1545MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation More from this issue > Volume 221Issue 6December 1971Pages 1545-1550 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1971 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.221.6.1545PubMed5124299History Published online 1 December 1971 Published in print 1 December 1971 Metrics

Anti-toxic action of methylprednisolone in hemorrhagic shock

The potential beneficial effects of the synthetic glucocorticoid, methylprednisolone, in shock were assessed in cats subjected to hemorrhagic shock. A threefold increase in survival time was obtained using methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg) which correlated with low plasma levels of a myocardial depressant factor (MDF) and of the lysosomal enzymes, β-glucuronidase and plasma cathepsin-like activity (PCLA). These data suggest that methylprednisolone exerts a protective effect in hemorrhagic shock by preventing the release of lysosomal enzymes which may be responsible for the formation of MDF, a peptide implicated in the reduction of myocardial contractility during postoligemic shock.

The effect of hemorrhagic shock on the extracellular fluid space in the nephrectomized baboon.

Virgilio, Richard W.; Homer, Louis D.; Herman, Clifford M.; Moss, Gerald S.; Lowery, Brian D. Author Information

Effects of hemorrhagic shock and treatment with hypothermia on the potassium content and transport of single mammalian skeletal muscle cells.

AbstractThe effect of in vivo hemorrhagic shock and its treatment with hypothermia was studied by following the temporal pattern of intracellular potassium content in single skeletal muscle fibres during in vitro incubation. For the control cells isolated before the different experi mental procedures were instituted, reproducible changes in potassium content were observed during the period of incubation. The potassium content of cells isolated shortly after the taking of the biopsy was somewhat lower than of cells isolated after 10 min of incubation. After 10 to 15 min of incubation a marked loss of cellular potassium was seen, followed by a period of active reaccumulation. After hemorrhagic shock under normothermal conditions the potassium content of the cells was markedly lower and no active cellular potassium reaccumulation was obtained during prolonged incubation. Hemorrhagic shock treated with hypothermia lowered the initial pptassium content somewhat but both the periods of cellular potassium loss and active reaceumulation were seen. Hypothermia alone only slightly modified potassium transport during the first 10 to 15 min of in vitro incubation.The results are discussed from the standpoint of cellular metabolism and high‐energy phosphate production with special reference to the exchange of substances between body com partments under the diffrent experimental conditions.

Effect of hemorrhagic shock on wound healing in rats and guinea pigs

Effect of hemorrhagic shock on wound healing in rats and guinea pigs

Effect of hemorrhagic shock on contractility of papillary muscle.

SummaryLeft ventricular papillary muscle from rats in profound hemorrhagic shock and from control animals were compared with respect to tension development and negative treppe. In both muscles tension development increased as resting fibre length increased and as frequency of stimulation decreased. No difference in the performance of muscles from the two types of animals was detected; the contractile element of cardiac muscle appears not to be irreversibly altered by hemorrhagic hypotension.

Hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of experimental shock

The effect of OHP was studied in hemorrhagic and bacteremic shock in dogs. Beneficial effects in hemorrhagic shock occurred only early in the less severe stage of shock. In bacteremic shock, direct exposure of the microorganisms to OHP appears to be necessary for growth inhibition and subsequent improvement in survival. Many problems relating to the correction of oxygen deficits and oxygen poisoning, to have an effect on host mechanisms as well as on microorganisms, require continued and expanded investigation.

EFFECT OF HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK ON RELEASE OF NOREPINEPHRINE BY TYRAMINE.

This study was undertaken to determine if the sympathetic discharge which accompanies hemorrhagic shock modifies the response to tyramine. In eight dogs the dose of tyramine equipressor to 1.0 µg/kg min of norepinephrine was 85 ± 8 µg/kg min in the control state, but had risen to 301 ± 55 µg/kg min after 4 hr of hypotension. In four dogs in which the norepinephrine pool had been labeled with tritiated norepinephrine, injection of tyramine into femoral arterial blood released large quantities of norepinephrine into the femoral venous blood during the control period. After 4 hr of hypotension, the output of radioactive norepinephrine by tyramine was greatly reduced. These findings support the view that the diminished responsiveness to tyramine after prolonged hypotension is due to decreased release of norepinephrine. Since there was no detectable decrease in the norepinephrine concentration of atrial appendage in eight dogs after 4 hr of shock, the diminished release of norepinephrine by tyramine in shock may have been due to the depletion of the small portion of the norepinephrine store releasable by tyramine.

Effects of hemorrhagic shock on vascular permeability to red blood cells.

The lymph collected from the left thoracic lymph duct of dogs in severe shock due to blood loss becomes grossly hemorrhagic. Reversible hemorrhagic shock is not accompanied by changes in lymph appearance or content of red blood cells. The increased levels of red cells in the lymph was observed prior to the appearance of the characteristic gross intestinal and peritoneal hemorrhages.

Effect of Hemorrhagic Shock on Viability of Invading Bacteria.

Summary and ConclusionsGram-positive bacteria can be grown from the mesenteric nodes and liver of the normal rabbit and dog. Gram-negative bacteria can be grown from these tissues of the normal dog, but not of the normal rabbit. Gram-negative bacteria are found in the nodes and liver of the rabbit some hours after exposure of the rabbit to 2 hours of hemorrhagic shock. The incidence is higher 8 hours afterward than it is 4 hours afterward. These data confirm the view that bacteria are continuously invading from the intestine. Exposure for 2 hours to hemorrhagic shock so weakens the antibacterial defense that gram-negative as well as gram-positive bacteria can be grown out more readily than in the normal animal. However, the number of bacteria that can be recovered is judged too small to be a significant contribution to the endotoxemia of advanced hemorrhagic shock. Reasons are given for also excluding the bacteria normally found in the groin wound, made for cannulating the femoral vessels, from any signif...

Effect of hemorrhagic shock on the phagocytic function of Kupffer cells.

This report concerns the phagocytic behavior of the Kupffer cells in the rat during hemorrhagic studies by quantitative technics. The rate of clearance (measured by colloidal carbon) was suppressed by 50 per cent after 3 hours. Efficiency of clearance (measured by uptake of radioisotope labeled albumin and chromium phosphate) was likewise markedly below normal. This factor was not due to reduced blood flow through the liver, as evidenced by measurements made 1 hour after blood replacement. Histologic evidence suggests two possibilities: a localized impairment of Kupffer cell activity in the area about the central veins of the lobule, or an abnormal circulation through preferential pathways restricted to the periphery of the liver lobule.

Effect of hemorrhagic shock on certain antibacterial defense mechanisms in the rabbit.

Rabbits were subjected to hemorrhagic shock, then injected intravenously with bacteria during the posttransfusion period. Little if any loss of capacity to clear the blood stream of strains of eith...

Traumatic shock. VI. The effect of hemorrhagic shock on the concentration of renin and hypertensinogen in the plasma in unanesthetized dogs: Dexter, L., Frank, H. A., Haynes, F. W., and Altschule, M. D.: J. Clin. Investigation 22: 847, 1943

Traumatic shock. VI. The effect of hemorrhagic shock on the concentration of renin and hypertensinogen in the plasma in unanesthetized dogs: Dexter, L., Frank, H. A., Haynes, F. W., and Altschule, M. D.: J. Clin. Investigation 22: 847, 1943