Effect Of Garlic Oil Research Articles

Effect of Garlic Oil on Fatty Acid Accumulation and Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Differentiating Adipocytes

Garlic oil (GAR, Allium sativum L.) has been studied as a feed additive to improve animal production performance and decrease methane emission in ruminants. The present study was designed to determine the possible effect of GAR on fatty acid composition and accumulation in animal fat tissue using a cell model. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at 2×10 4 mL -1 were seeded to 24-well plates and allowed to proliferate to reach confluence. The cells were then treated with media containing 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg mL -1 of GAR during the differentiation period for 8 days. Media containing dexamethasone, methyl-isobutylxanthine and insulin was applied during the first 2 days of the early differentiation period. On day 8 sub-sets of the wells were stained with oil red-O and the remaining cells were harvested for determination of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) (GPDH) activity (n = 6) and cellular fatty acid concentration (n = 6). It was found that supplementation of GAR increased (p<0.05) the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids in the adipocytes and showed inhibitory effect (p<0.05) on the post-confluent proliferation. With relative low dosage, GAR (5-20 μg mL -1 ) increased (p<0.05) the GPDH activity without affecting the cellular fatty acid concentration, while a high dosage (40 μg mL -1 ) inhibited (p<0.05) fatty acid accumulation and decreased GPDH activity. Supplementation of GAR had an effect on

Effects of garlic oil on platelet aggregation: A double blind placebo controlled crossover study

The use of antiplatelet therapies decreases the incidence of mortality in persons prone to cardiovascular events. Several in vitro studies suggest that garlic may decrease platelet aggregation. We aimed to test the acute effects of garlic on platelet aggregation in 14 healthy volunteers using a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover research method. The active agent tested was solvent-extracted garlic oil incubated in ethanol to obtain organosulphur compounds that demonstrate the highest antiplatelet activity when tested in vitro. Platelet aggregation was induced ex vivo by adrenaline, collagen or adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Four hours after consuming one large dose of oil derived from 9.9 g garlic, there was little or no effect in the reduction of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline was reduced slightly but significantly (P < 0.05; 12% reduction). The oil had no effect on collagen- or ADP-induced aggregation. The results of this controlled trial indicate that this type of garlic oil should not be relied on in persons with conditions in which reductions in platelet aggregation are desired or necessary.

The Effect of Garlic Oil on Lipid Peroxidation and Blood Cell Counts of Arsenic Exposed Albino Mice

Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the antiperoxide effect of garlic oil on various tissues and blood cell counts of arsenic exposed albino mice. Materials and methods: Garlic oil (100 mg/ kg body wt/ day) removed from garlic pearls purchased from Ranbaxy was administered orally to albino mice and its protective effect was determined on sodium arsenite-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) of different tissues and blood cell counts of mice. Results: A significant reduction in arsenicinduced LPO in the kidney of mice was observed after the administration of garlic oil. There was a significant increase in the number of neutrophils and eosinophils in mice administered with garlic oil. A significant weight gain observed in mice given sodium arsenite (i.p.) was found to be declined after the garlic oil administration. Conclusion: These results indicate that garlic oil can be administered in the form of garlic pearls to persons who are working in places of coal burning, mining and metal ore smelting, as the diallyl disulphide (DADS) which is the active principle of garlic has a possible protective role on LPO status of certain tissues and blood cell counts of arsenic exposed mice.

Effect of Garlic Oil and Four of its Compounds on Rumen Microbial Fermentation

Different concentrations (3, 30, 300, and 3000mg/L of culture fluid) of garlic oil (GAR), diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DAD), allicin (ALL), and allyl mercaptan (ALM) were incubated for 24h in diluted ruminal fluid with a 50:50 forage:concentrate diet (17.7% crude protein; 30.7% neutral detergent fiber) to evaluate their effects on rumen microbial fermentation. Garlic oil (30 and 300mg/L), DAD (30 and 300mg/L), and ALM (300mg/L) resulted in lower molar proportion of acetate and higher proportions of propionate and butyrate. In contrast, at 300mg/L, DAS only increased the proportion of butyrate, and ALL had no effects on volatile fatty acid proportions. In a dual-flow continuous culture of rumen fluid fed the same 50:50 forage:concentrate diet, addition of GAR (312mg/L), DAD (31.2 and 312mg/L), and ALM (31.2 and 312mg/L) resulted in similar changes to those observed in batch culture, with the exception of the lack of effect of DAD on the proportion of propionate. In a third in vitro study, the potential of GAR (300mg/L), DAD (300mg/L), and ALM (300mg/L) to decrease methane production was evaluated. Treatments GAR, DAD, and ALM resulted in a decrease in methane production of 73.6, 68.5, and 19.5%, respectively, compared with the control. These results confirm the ability of GAR, DAD, and ALM to decrease methane production, which may help to improve the efficiency of energy use in the rumen.

Effect of garlic oil on ethanol induced gastric ulcers in rats.

Garlic oil was evaluated for gastroprotective activity against ethanol induced ulcers. Reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of these ulcers. The possible involvement of garlic oil in restraining the oxidation process produced in gastric tissue was also investigated. The ulcer index, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity (GPx, catalase, SOD) were determined. Pretreatment with garlic oil in doses of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, 30 min before administration of ethanol (1 mL of 100%) caused a decrease in ulcer index and lipid peroxidation and ameliorated the decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels caused by ethanol. The result suggests that garlic oil possesses antioxidant properties and provides protection against ethanol induced gastric injury.

Garlic Oil Enhances Hepatic and Blood Antioxidants During Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis

We analyzed the protective effect of garlic oil on hepatic and blood lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant status during buccal pouch carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in male Syrian hamsters. Enhanced lipid peroxidation in the liver and blood of tumor-bearing animals was accompanied by a significant decrease in antioxidant levels. Topical application of garlic oil effectively suppressed oral carcinomas, decreased lipid peroxidation, and enhanced antioxidant levels. Our results suggest that garlic oil may exert its chemopreventive effects by modulating lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant status in the liver and blood.

Oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: effects of garlic oil and melatonin

In the present study, oxidative stress in diabetic model and the effect of garlic oil or melatonin treatment were examined. Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight, i.p.)-induced diabetic rats, showed a significant increase of plasma glucose, total lipids, triglyceride, cholesterol, lipid peroxides, nitric oxide and uric acid. Concomitantly, significant decreases in the levels of antioxidants ceruloplasmin, albumin and total thiols were found in the plasma of diabetic rats. Lipid peroxide levels were significantly increased in erythrocyte lysate and in homogenates of liver and kidney, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were decreased in tissue homogenates of liver and kidney. Treatment of diabetic rats with garlic oil (10 mg/kg i.p.) or melatonin (200 μg/kg i.p.) for 15 days significantly increased plasma levels of total thiol, ceruloplasmin activities, albumin. Lipid peroxides, uric acid, blood glucose, total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were decreased significantly after treatment with garlic oil or melatonin. Nitric oxide levels were decreased significantly in rats treated with melatonin only. In erythrocytes lysate, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were increased significantly in rats treated with garlic oil or melatonin, while lipid peroxides decreased significantly and total thiol increased significantly in melatonin or garlic oil treatment, respectively. In liver homogenates of rats treated with garlic or melatonin, lipid peroxides were decreased significantly, and GST activities increased significantly, while SOD activities were increased significantly in liver and kidney after garlic or melatonin treatment. The results suggest that garlic oil or melatonin may effectively normalize the impaired antioxidants status in streptozotocin induced-diabetes. The effects of these antioxidants of both agents may be useful in delaying the complicated effects of diabetes as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy due to imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant systems. Moreover, melatonin may be more powerful free radical scavenger than garlic oil.

Dietary Fat and Garlic Oil Independently Regulate Hepatic Cytochrome P450 2B1 and the Placental Form of Glutathione S-Transferase Expression in Rats

The individual and combined effects of dietary fat and garlic oil on two drug-metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome P(450) 2B1 and the placental form of glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (PGST), in rat liver were examined in this study. Rats were fed a low corn oil, high corn oil or high fish oil diet and received various amount of garlic oil (0, 30, 80, 200 mg/kg body) orally three times per week for 6 wk. The fat energy in the low and high fat diets accounted for 11.6 and 45.7% of total energy, respectively. Final body weights did not differ among the three dietary fat groups and were not affected by garlic oil treatment. The fatty acid profile in hepatic phospholipids revealed higher eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] levels in the fish oil-fed group than in the low and high corn oil-fed groups (P < 0.05). In contrast, the corn oil-fed groups had greater hepatic phospholipid arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)] levels (P < 0.05). Both dietary fat and garlic oil significantly affected hepatic cytochrome 7-pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activity and GST activity toward ethacrynic acid. Rats fed the high fish oil diet had 85 and 51% higher PROD activity compared with those fed the low or the high corn oil diet, respectively (P < 0.05). The GST activity in the high fish oil and the high corn oil groups was 33 and 18% higher than that in the low corn oil group (P < 0.05), respectively, and the GST activity in rats fed the high fish oil diet was higher than in those fed the high corn oil diet (P < 0.05). Garlic oil dose-dependently increased GST activity. No interaction between dietary fat and garlic oil on PROD or GST activity was noted. Northern and Western blot analysis revealed that dietary fish oil increased both cytochrome P(450) 2B1 and PGST mRNA and protein levels. Cytochrome P(450) 2B1 and PGST mRNA and protein levels were also dose-dependently increased by garlic oil treatment. The effects of garlic oil and dietary fat on P(450) 2B1 and PGST mRNA and protein expression were independent. These results indicate that dietary fat and garlic oil independently modulate P(450) 2B1 and PGST expression at transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional stages.

Effect of garlic oil on the levels of various enzymes in the serum and tissue of streptozotocin diabetic rats.

Levels of red cell, serum acid, and alkaline phosphatases, serum amylase, alanine and aspartate transferase and bilirubin were examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with garlic oil and compared with the corresponding levels in diabetic control rats, normal rats and normal rats on garlic oil. Values of tissue amylase and total protein were also assessed from the pancreas, liver, and kidney. Treatment of diabetic rats with garlic oil significantly decreased the red cell phosphatase (p < 0.01), serum acid and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001) when compared to diabetic control rats. Serum alanine and asparate transferases were significantly (p<0.001) decreased as well as serum amylase (p<0.002) in garlic oil treated diabetic rats as compared with diabetic control rats. When treated with garlic oil, however, diabetic and normal rats showed significant increase (p <0.05) in the amylase levels of the pancrease, liver, and kidney.

Effects of garlic oil on tumoragenecity and intercellular communication in human gastric cancer cell line

Previous studies have demonstrated that garlic oil (GO) and its anti-tumor compound could inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis in human cancer cells. In order to explore the effects of garlic oil on carcinoma cells, a gastric carcinoma cell line, BGC-823 was studied at cellular and molecular levels after garlic oil treatment. Data showed that the cell differentiation and suppression of tumorigenicity were significantly induced in tumor cells after garlic oil treatment. There was a correlation between the cell-cell communication recovery and the increase of p53 and waf1/p21 gene expression in garlic oil-treated cells. This result suggested that tumor suppressor gene waf1/p21 and wt p53 might play an important role in this effect.

Effect of Garlic Oil on Hepatic Arachidonic Acid Content and Immune Response in Rats

This study examined the arachidonic acid metabolism and immune response in rats administered orally (p.o.) with either garlic oil (GO), diallyl disulfide (DADS) (200 mg/kg of body weight), or corn oil (control) three times a week for 7 weeks. Both GO and DADS were found to modify the hepatic membrane fatty acid composition: the linoleic acid was increased, and the arachidonic acid was decreased (P < 0.05). GO but not DADS suppressed the Δ6 desaturase activity (P < 0.05). Neither treatment affected the phospholipase A2 activity or plasma prostaglandin E2 level. GO increased the spleen/body weight ratio (P < 0.05) and enhanced concanavalin A-stimulated splenocyte proliferation. However, the systemic contact hypersensitivity response as detected by the extent of ear swelling was suppressed by 74% in the GO-treated rats (P < 0.05). The findings indicate that GO inhibits Δ6 desaturase activity and changes membrane arachidonic acid content, both of which show immunomodulatory potential. Keywords: Garlic oil; d...

Effects of garlic oil on rat hepatic P4502E1 expression.

1. The effects of garlic oil (GO) on the expression of P4502E1, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) were assessed by metabolic activities, immunoblot and RNA blot analyses in the rat. 2. p-Nitrophenol (PNP) hydroxylase activity decreased in the hepatic microsomes isolated from rats treated with GO at 200 mg/kg b.w. by 10-30% as compared with control. Pyrazine-inducible P4502E1 expression was decreased by approximately 40% following concomitant treatment of animals with GO at the dose of 200 mg/kg from day 1 to 3 post-treatment, as evidenced by PNP hydroxylase activity. The rates of aniline hydroxylase and NDMA demethylase activities in GO-treated animals were consistent with those of PNP hydroxylase activity. Treatment of animals with 500 mg/kg GO resulted in suppression of P4502E1-mediated catalytic activities, as monitored by both PNP and aniline hydroxylase activities, whereas the effects at the dose of 1000 mg/kg were identical with those at 500 mg/kg b.w. 3. Immunoblot analyses of hepatic microsomes, using an anti-P4502E1 antibody, showed that GO minimally suppressed constitutive P4502E1 expression at 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment at the daily doses from 200 to 1000 mg/kg b.w., as compared with vehicle-treated animals. Time-dependent pyrazine induction of P4502E1, however, was substantially blocked by concomitant treatment of animals with 200 mg/kg GO to the levels of control. Treatment at the dose of 1000 mg/kg failed to further suppress P4502E1 levels. GO treatment caused no changes in the levels of P4502E1 mRNA, as assessed by slot blot analyses. 4. Cytosol produced from the GO-treated rat showed approximately 40% increases in GST conjugating activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, whereas mEH protein levels were 1.5-2.0-fold greater than control with similar increases in the mRNA levels noted. 5. These results demonstrate that GO suppresses inducible P4502E1 expression more significantly than constitutive expression, and that GO induces GST and mEH expression to a certain extent.

Alterations in hepatic Phase I and Phase II biotransformation enzymes by garlic oil in rats

Studies were conducted to examine the effect of a single and repeated administrations of garlic oil (diallyl sulfide) on Phase I and Phase II biotransformation enzymes in rats. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a single dose of garlic oil (500 mg kg i.p.) showed a significant depression of hepatic cytochrome P-450, aminopyrine Ndemethylase and aniline hydroxylase while microsomal protein content, cytochrome b 5, NADPH-cytochrome c reducase, benzphetamine N-demethylase and cytosolic glutathione, S-transferase remained unaffected 24 h following the treatment. Although certain microsomal enzymes were depressed, there was no liver damage caused by garlic oil as judged by the putative serum enzyme test. On the other hand, daily administration of garlic oil (50 mg kg ) i.p. for 5 days) produced a significant increase in hepatic cytochrome P-450, aminopyrine N-demethylase and benzphetamine N-demethylase activities, but not in the rest of the aforementioned parameters of biotransformation reactions. These data indicate that the effect of garlic oil on the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system is dose-dependent.

Gastrointestinal actions of garlic oil

AbstractThe effect of garlic oil on gastrointestinal propulsion of charcoal meal and castor oil‐induced diarrhea in mice was studied. It was found to depress both these parameters significantly. It is concluded that garlic oil may act as a potent relaxant of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract and that it should be further evaluated in patients exhibiting hypermotile intestinal disorders.

Effect of Garlic Oil or Onion Oil on Toxin Production by Clostridium botulinum in Meat Slurry

Garlic oil (or onion oil) when used in the proportion of 1500 μg per g of meat slurry inhibited toxin production by Clostridium botulinum type A (strain 73A). The inhibition, however, was not complete. Toxin production by C. botulinum type B (strain RIV 1) and type E (strain RIV 2) was not inhibited. It is not recommended that these oils be used for inhibiting toxin production by C. botulinum, as meat and meat products can contain several types of Clostridium sp. and not just type A.

Effect of garlic oil in experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis

Addition of cholesterol in the diet of male albino rabbits produced hypercholesterolaemia, increased tissue cholesterol, and atheromatous changes in the aorta. Supplementation of garlic oil along with cholesterol significantly inhibited the hypercholesterolaemia, decreased tissue cholesterol and minimised the atheromatous changes in the aorta. These results show that the active constituent(s) in garlic responsible for its anti-atherogenic action is present in the oily fraction of garlic.

Mode of action of garlic oil—Effect on oxidative phosphorylation in hepatic mitochondria of mice

The effect of garlic oil on oxidativc phosphorylation in liver mitochondria of mice has been studied. Garlic oil impairs oxidative phosphorylation in hepatic mitochondria. The coupling activity of sites 1. 2 and 3 appears to be affected by garlic oil. The extent to which respiration is affected varies with the substrates used. For example, garlic oil affects respiration during oxidation of NAD-lmkcd substrates such as glutamate to a greater extent than during oxidation of succinate and ascorbate. The inhibitory effect on respiration is less than that on phosphorylation. Diallyl disulfide, the principal insecticidal component of garlic oil, has a similar inhibitory effect on the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, dipropyl disulfide. which is chemically comparable to diallyl disulfide but is devoid of insecticidal activity, has a substantially lesser effect on oxidative phosphorylation.

Effect of garlic oil on incorporation of amino acids into proteins of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say larvae

Incorporation of [ 14C]leucine into proteins of 3rd instar Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say larvae increases linearly with time between 1 and 4 h. Garlic oil as well as the active larvacidal principle from it, viz. diallyl disulphide, inhibits significantly synthesis of the larval proteins. The maximum reduction in incorporation is observed during the first hour of treatment. The incorporation of [ 14C]phenylalanine is also inhibited by garlic oil and the effect is irreversible. Garlic oil does not seem to have any effect on proteins already labelled and it does not suppress substantially oxygen uptake by the larvae.

Cardioprotective Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum) in Isoproterenol-Induced Rat Myocardial Necrosis: A Biochemical and Histoarchitectural Evaluation

The current study dealt with the protective role of garlic oil on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Subcutaneous injection of ISO (20 mg/kg body weight in1ml saline) to rats for 2 consecutive days offered significant alteration in biochemical parameters and moderate necrosis in heart. Effect of garlic oil oral treatment for 60 days (75 mg /kg body weight) was evaluated against ISO (20 mg/kg, sc)-induced cardiac necrosis. Levels of marker enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH and CPK) were assessed in serum, antioxidant parameters viz., reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxides were assayed in serum and heart homogenate. Significant myocardial necrosis, depletion of endogenous antioxidants and increase in serum levels of marker enzymes were observed in ISO-treated animals when compared with the normal animals. Garlic oil elicited a significant cardio protective activity by lowering the levels of serum marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation and elevated the levels of GSH. The present findings have demonstrated that the cardioprotective effects of garlic oil in ISO-induced oxidative damage may be due to an augmentation of the endogenous antioxidants and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of membrane.

Protein synthesis by red and white muscle in vitro: effect of insulin and animal age.

ARTICLESProtein synthesis by red and white muscle in vitro: effect of insulin and animal ageFA ShortFA ShortPublished Online:01 Jul 1969https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.1.307MoreSectionsPDF (578 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByThe in vivo study of cardiac and skeletal muscle protein turnoverDiabetes / Metabolism Reviews, Vol. 5, No. 2Contrast Media in the Cardiovascular SystemDie Regulation der Proteinsynthese am normalen Herzen und unter pathologischen BedingungenContractile Function as a Determinant of Muscle GrowthEffects of diabetes on protein synthesis in fast- and slow-twitch rat skeletal muscleK. E. Flaim, M. E. Copenhaver, and L. S. Jefferson1 July 1980 | American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 239, No. 1Relationship between Milk Yield and Mammary Gland Development in MiceJournal of Dairy Science, Vol. 61, No. 6Evaluation of RNA polymerase activities in nuclei isolated from slow and fast skeletal musclesExperimental Cell Research, Vol. 108, No. 2Relative in vivo and in vitro incorporation of labelled leucine into pig liver and muscle proteinsInternational Journal of Biochemistry, Vol. 8, No. 4Age-related changes in course of restitution of secretory material in rat submandibular gland stimulated with isoproterenolExperimental Gerontology, Vol. 12, No. 3-4Protein synthesis by ribosomes from normal and denervated red and white muscleExperimental Neurology, Vol. 51, No. 3Serum insulin and somatomedin levels in the tumour-bearing ratEuropean Journal of Cancer (1965), Vol. 11, No. 10Protein synthesizing activity of chicken liver and muscleInternational Journal of Biochemistry, Vol. 6, No. 6Skeletal muscle leucine incorporation and testosterone uptake in exercised guinea pigsEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 34, No. 1Effect of Streptozotocin Diabetes and Insulin Treatment on the Rate of Protein Synthesis in Tissues of the Rat in VivoJournal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 249, No. 14In vivo studies on the effect of garlic oil in miceToxicology, Vol. 1, No. 4Incorporation of 14C leucine into the fat body of the cockroach Periplaneta americana during oöcyte developmentJournal of Insect Physiology, Vol. 19, No. 11Protein synthesis by rat cardiac muscle myofibkilsBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis, Vol. 312, No. 2Effect of garlic oil on incorporation of amino acids into proteins of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say larvaeChemico-Biological Interactions, Vol. 6, No. 3Incorporation of leucine-14C into proteins of the placenta and liver of miceAmerican Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 114, No. 1Depletion of proteins of phasic and tonic muscles in tumour-bearing ratsEuropean Journal of Cancer (1965), Vol. 7, No. 1Die chronischen Effekte körperlichen Trainings auf den StoffwechselThe Role of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle in the Regulation of Protein Metabolism More from this issue > Volume 217Issue 1July 1969Pages 307-309 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1969 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.1.307PubMed5785893History Published online 1 July 1969 Published in print 1 July 1969 Metrics