Effect Of Fish Oil Supplementation Research Articles

Habitual fish oil supplementation and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation: findings from a large prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Mixed effects of fish oil supplementation on the risks of atrial fibrillation (AF) were observed in several large-scale randomized controlled trials. Whether this relationship would be modified by genetic AF risk, baseline cardiovascular disease (CVD) status and background oily fish consumption are unknown. We included 468 665 participants without AF at baseline from the UK Biobank cohort. The association between fish oil supplementation and the AF risk was assessed in the study cohort and in several subgroups, including genetic AF predisposition, baseline CVD status, and background oily fish consumption. During a median follow-up of 11.1 years, fish oil users had a higher rate of incident AF (6.2% vs. 5.2%, adjusted hazard ratio of 1.10, and 95% confidence interval of 1.07, 1.13). Compared with non-users, fish oil users had a higher rate of incident AF in the low (3.7% vs. 3.0%, P= 0.02), intermediate (5.8% vs. 4.8%, P < 0.0001), and high (9.8% vs. 8.1%, P < 0.0001) genetic AF risk groups. In participants without CVD at baseline, fish oil users had a higher rate of incident AF (5.3% vs. 4.1%, P < 0.0001), which was not observed in participants with CVD at baseline (11.6% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.56), with significant interaction (P-interaction < 0.0001). The association between fish oil supplementation and the AF risk was not modified by background oily fish consumption (P-interaction = 0.62). Habitual fish oil supplementation was associated with the risk of incident AF, regardless of genetic AF predisposition and background oily fish consumption. This association was observed only in individuals without CVD at baseline.

Effects of fish oil supplementation on growth performance and blood constituents of Ossimi ram lambs

Effects of fish oil supplementation on growth performance and blood constituents of Ossimi ram lambs

Randomised Controlled Trial of Fish Oil Supplementation on Responsiveness to Resistance Exercise Training in Sarcopenic Older Women.

This study aims to investigate the effects of fish oil supplementation on the muscle adaptive response to resistance exercise training, physical performance and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in sarcopenic older women. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is performed with thirty-four sarcopenic women (2010 European Consensus of Sarcopenia), aged ≥ 65 years. The participants are allocated into the following two groups: Exercise and Fish Oil (EFO) and Exercise and Placebo (EP). Both groups undertook a resistance exercise programme over 14 weeks. All participants are instructed to ingest 4 g/day of food supplements; the EP group received sunflower oil capsules, and the EFO group, fish oil capsules. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps muscle is calculated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The strength of the lower limbs is measured using isokinetic dynamometry. Both groups show improvements in CSA and strength after the intervention. Changes in EFO are significantly greater compared with EP for muscle strength (peak torque, 19.46 Nm and 5.74 Nm, respectively, p < 0.001). CSA increased after the intervention in both groups (EFO; 6.11% and EP; 2.91%), although there is no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.23). There are no significant intra-group, inter-group or time differences in any of the cytokines measured. The use of fish oil supplementation potentiates the neuromuscular response to the anabolic stimulus from training, increasing muscle strength and physical performance in sarcopenic older women.

The most important safety risk of fish oil from the latest meta-analysis?

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81670325 and No. 81370325). Background Fish oil supplements are popular worldwide, and many people believe that fish oil supplements are beneficial to their health. However, there is still controversy about whether Omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the cardiovascular risk of users. In recent years, the publication of several large randomized controlled trials has pointed out the direction for us to use fish oil supplements. Purpose We conducted a meta-analysis of recently released large randomized controlled trials to evaluate the clinical value of fish oil supplements. Methods Five latest large randomized controlled trials on Omega-3 fatty acids were included, including the ASCEND study, VITAL study, REDUCE-IT study, STRENGTH study and OMEMI Study. We analyzed the effects of fish oil supplements on the incidence of major cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, stroke, atrial fibrillation, death from cardiovascular cause and death from all-cause. Results Fish oil supplements can significantly reduce the risk of myocardial infarction in users (RR 0.85, 95%CI 0.72- 0.99; P = 0.04), however, significantly increase the risk of atrial fibrillation (RR 1.32 95%CI 1.11-1.58; P=0.002). The use of fish oil supplements had no effect on the incidence of major cardiovascular events (RR 0.93, 95%CI 0.84-1.04; p=0.23) and stroke (RR 0.99, 95%CI 0.84-1.17; P = 0.93). Similarly, there was no effect on death from cardiovascular cause (RR 0.91, 95%CI 0.79-1.05; P = 0.20) and death from all-cause (RR 0.99, 95%CI 0.92-1.07; P = 0.79). Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis showed that fish oil supplements can reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction, but significantly increase the risk of atrial fibrillation. We should reconsider the role of fish oil supplements in preventing cardiovascular disease. We also need some large randomized controlled trials to verify the risk of atrial fibrillation caused by the use of fish oil supplements.

Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Liver Damage in Hypercholesterolemic Rats.

Metabolic syndrome, especially its component related to dyslipidemia, is related to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a disease with a significant global prevalence. Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids emerged as a complementary therapeutic possibility for dyslipidemia, but its benefits are questioned. This paper aims at evaluating the effects of fish oil supplementation in rats with hypercholesterolemia induced by hypercholesterolemic diet (HD). The study design is based on an experimental model in which the animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: G1 (standard commercial feed + saline solution); G2 (hypercholesterolemic diet + saline solution) and G3 (hypercholesterolemic diet + fish oil) over a period of 16 weeks. Metabolic control parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated according to standardized methodologies. The G3 group showed significantly lower values of plasma concentrations of TG, and hepatic myeloperoxidase as well as higher erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.05). Regarding histopathological analysis, there was lipid accumulation in the liver of animals from group G2; meanwhile, hepatocytes reorganization and expressive reduction of lipid vacuoles and hepatic TG content was observed in group G3. This study demonstrated how fish oil supplementation reduced the plasma concentration and hepatic content of triglycerides, as well as liver tissue damage in histopathological analysis.

PSII-18 The effects of fish oil supplementation on markers of inflammation and skeletal muscle and adipose growth in pigs

Abstract Omega-3 fatty acids have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this project was to determine the effects of fish oil, a source of omega-3 fatty acids, on genes involved in inflammation and growth of skeletal muscle tissue after an LPS challenge. Male Landrace-New Hampshire weaned piglets (BW 8.21±0.83 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design and assigned to two treatments: 1) basal diet (n=7) and 2) basal diet plus 3% fish oil added (n = 7). Treatments were fed for 35 d. On d 34, an LPS challenge was performed and 24 h later, piglets were euthanized and skeletal muscle samples were collected from the longissimus lumborum and biceps femoris. Total mRNA was isolated and markers of inflammation [cyclophilin (Cyclo), nuclear factor kappa beta subunit-1 (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], skeletal muscle growth [paired box transcription factor-7 (Pax7), myogenic factor-5 (Myf5), myoblast determination factor-1 (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG)] and adipose growth (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARy), leptin, and adiponectin) were analyzed. Cyclophilin abundance was increased (P = 0.03) in fish-oil piglets compared to control piglets. Other markers of inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-kB) were not affected (P &amp;gt; 0.05) by fish-oil supplementation. Abundance of Myf5 was lower (P = 0.03) in fish oil piglets than control piglets. Other myogenic regulatory factors (Pax7, MyoD, MyoG) were not (P &amp;gt; 0.05) altered by treatment. Abundance of PPARy, leptin or adiponectin was not affected (P &amp;gt; 0.05) by fish-oil supplementation. Muscle location influenced (P &amp;lt; 0.01) abundance of leptin and adiponectin, with abundance being higher in the biceps femoris than in the longissimus lumborum. No other genes analyzed were impacted by muscle location (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Our findings suggest that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids via fish-oil may affect the inflammatory response and skeletal muscle growth. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of these results on animal production.

The effect of fish oil on inflammation markers in adult patients undergoing hemodialysis: A meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis was to assess the effect of fish oil supplementation on inflammation markers in adult patients receiving hemodialysis. CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE databases were searched from inception to 10 April 2020. Two authors independently searched, selected, and screened the literature. The pooled results are represented by WMD or SMD with 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore sources of heterogeneity, and sensitivity analysis was used to assess the robustness of the pooled results. Funnel plots were used to assess publication bias. Eleven RCT (randomized control trials) studies were included. The pooled results showed that fish oil supplementation caused a significant reduction of the CRP(C-reactive protein) level (random model: WMD, -3.36, 95%CI: -5.46 to -1.26, P= .002), especially in patients with baseline CRP ≥5mg/L (random model: WMD, -4.43, 95%CI: -6.10 to -2.76, P= .00001, I2 = 41%). Meta-regression analyses showed that CRP baseline level (CRP <5mg/L) was the main source of heterogeneity (P= .036). Sensitive analyses revealed that the result was hardly changed. Fish oil supplementation might not reduce the level of IL-6 (random model: WMD, -2.26, 95%CI: -19.61 to 15.09, P= .80) in four studies or the level of TNF-α (random model: SMD, -2.51, 95%CI: -6.08 to 1.06, P= .17) in three studies. Fish oil supplementation could reduce the level of CRP in hemodialysis patients, especially in patients with CRP ≥5mg/L, but had no effects on IL-6 and TNF-α.

Effects of fish oil supplementation on spatial memory in rats with pilocarpine-induced epilepsy assessed using the Morris Water Maze test.

Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are at high risk of experiencing cognitive impairment. Such dysfunction is also observed in an animal model of TLE, the rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. We investigated the effects of fish oil supplementation on spatial memory in rats with pilocarpine-induced epilepsy using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. Although rats with pilocarpine-induced epilepsy treated with fish oil learned the platform location significantly faster by Day 7 of the acquisition phase, spatial memory performance of these rats was unaffected by fish oil supplementation during probe trials. Our study provides insights into the importance of considering nutraceutical strategies for enhancing cognitive abilities in patients with TLE.

Genetic Variants Modifying the Triglycerides-Lowering Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation: A Genome-Wide Interaction Study

ObjectivesTo identify genetic variants that modify the effect of fish oil supplementation on blood lipids, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol, and triglycerides. MethodsWe performed a genome-wide interaction study in 73,962 participants of European ancestry from the UK Biobank. Candidate associations were evaluated in a replication study with 7,284 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Meta-analysis was further performed across the two cohorts. ResultsFour novel interaction loci were identified at genome-wide significance in meta-analysis. The lead variant in the GJB6-GJB2-GJA3 gene cluster, rs112803755 (A > G; minor allele frequency = 0.041), shows an interaction effect but not the main effect, suggesting that it would not have been discovered in a typical association study. Fish oil supplementation is associated with a decreased blood level of triglycerides in individuals carrying the minor allele, but with an increased level in homozygotes of the major allele. This locus is significantly associated with higher GJB2 expression of connexin 26 in adipose tissue, while connexin activity is known to change upon exposure to omega-3 fatty acids. Significant interaction effects were also found in three other loci in the genes SLC12A3 (HDL-C), ABCA6 (LDL-C), and MLXIPL (LDL-C), but highly significant main effects are also present. ConclusionsOur study identifies novel interaction effects for four genetic loci and highlights genetic variants in the GJB6-GJB2-GJA3 gene cluster, which modify the effects of fish oil supplementation on lowering blood triglycerides. These findings highlight the need and possibility for personalized nutrition. Funding SourcesThe University of Georgia Research Foundation

Genome-wide association study of fish oil supplementation on lipid traits in 81,246 individuals reveals new gene-diet interaction loci.

Fish oil supplementation is widely used for reducing serum triglycerides (TAGs) but has mixed effects on other circulating cardiovascular biomarkers. Many genetic polymorphisms have been associated with blood lipids, including high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, LDL-C), total cholesterol, and TAGs. Here, the gene-diet interaction effects of fish oil supplementation on these lipids were analyzed in a discovery cohort of up to 73,962 UK Biobank participants, using a 1-degree-of-freedom (1df) test for interaction effects and a 2-degrees-of-freedom (2df) test to jointly analyze interaction and main effects. Associations with P < 1×10−6 in either test (26,157; 18,300 unique variants) were advanced to replication in up to 7,284 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Replicated associations reaching 1df P < 0.05 (2,175; 1,763 unique variants) were used in meta-analyses. We found 13 replicated and 159 non-replicated (UK Biobank only) loci with significant 2df joint tests that were predominantly driven by main effects and have been previously reported. Four novel interaction loci were identified with 1df P < 5×10−8 in meta-analysis. The lead variant in the GJB6-GJB2-GJA3 gene cluster, rs112803755 (A>G; minor allele frequency = 0.041), shows exclusively interaction effects. The minor allele is significantly associated with decreased TAGs in individuals with fish oil supplementation, but with increased TAGs in those without supplementation. This locus is significantly associated with higher GJB2 expression of connexin 26 in adipose tissue; connexin activity is known to change upon exposure to omega-3 fatty acids. Significant interaction effects were also found in three other loci in the genes SLC12A3 (HDL-C), ABCA6 (LDL-C), and MLXIPL (LDL-C), but highly significant main effects are also present. Our study identifies novel gene-diet interaction effects for four genetic loci, whose effects on blood lipids are modified by fish oil supplementation. These findings highlight the need and possibility for personalized nutrition.

Menhaden fish oil attenuates postpartum depression in rat model via inhibition of NLRP3-inflammasome driven inflammatory pathway

Background and aimPostpartum depression (PPD) is a familiar problem which is associated with about 10–20% of women after child delivery. Fish oil (FO) has a therapeutic potentials to many diseases including mood disorders. However, there is paucity of data on the effects of FO supplementation on PPD rat model. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the potentials of FO in ameliorating depressive-like behaviors in PPD rat by evaluating the involvement of NLRP3-inflammasome. Experimental procedureThirty six virgin adult female rats (n = 6) were randomly divided into six groups; Group 1–3 were normal control (NC), Sham (SHAM) and ovariectomized group (OVX) respectively whereas group 4–6 were PPD rats forced-fed once daily with distilled water (PPD), fish oil (PPD + FO; 9 g/kg) and Fluoxetine (PPD + FLX; 15 mg/kg) respectively from postpartum day 1 and continued for 10 consecutive days. Rats behaviors were evaluated on postpartum day 10 through open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST), followed by biochemical analysis of NLRP3 inflammasome proteins pathway in their brain and determination of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). ResultsPPD-induced rats exhibited high immobility and low swimming time in FST with increased inflammatory status; NLR, IL-1β and NFкB/NLRP3/caspase-1 activity in their hippocampus. However, administration of FO or fluoxetine reversed the aforementioned abnormalities. ConclusionIn conclusion, 10 days supplementation with FO ameliorated the depressive-like behaviors in PPD rats by targeting the NFкB/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β activity. This has shed light on the potential of NLRP3 as a therapeutic target in treatment of PPD in rats.

Clinical effectiveness of fish oil on arterial stiffness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AimsThe increase of arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Fish oil supplementation was shown to reduce the risk of CVD outcomes. However, the effects of fish oil on arterial stiffness remains controversial. This meta-analysis summarized existing randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to determine whether fish oil can affect arterial stiffness in adults. Data synthesisSystematic searches were performed using the PubMed/Medline, EMbase, Cochrane database, Clinical trials, and Web of Science. All RCTs assessed the effect of fish oil intervention on carotid to femoral-Pulse Wave Velocity (cf-PWV), brachial to ankle-PWV (ba-PWV), augmentation index (AIx) and AIx75 were considered. A fixed-effect model was used to calculate the pooled effect.A total of 14 RCTs were included. The pooled data analysis showed that fish oil significantly reduced PWV levels (SMD: −0.145, 95%CI: −0.265 to −0.033, P = 0.012) compared to the control group. In subgroup analyses, a significant decrease in PWV was found in trials that fish oil with low dosages (≤1.8 g/d), short time (<24 weeks), low DHA to EPA ratio (DHA/EPA<1) and among young participant (<50 years old). Besides, the effect of fish oil was more obvious in ba-PWV compared to cf-PWV. In contrast, the effect of fish oil supplementation on AIx (WMD: −0.588%, 95% CI: −2.745 to 1.568, P = 0.593) and AIx75 (WMD: 0.542%, 95% CI: −1.490 to 2.574, P = 0.601) was nonsignificant. ConclusionsThe current study showed that fish oil supplementation had a beneficial effect on pulse wave velocity.

Effects of dietary fish oil and alpha-tocopherol supplementation on selected blood parameters and fatty acid profiles in mares and their foals.

The effects of fish oil (40ml/day) supplementation, with or without synthetic all-rac-alpha-tocopherol-acetate (2,500IU/day), during the last 65days before expected parturition were investigated in 15 adult mares (553±24kg BW) and their foals. Mares were assigned to one of three diets: control (n=5), control plus fish oil and alpha-tocopherol (n=4; FO+AT) or control with just fish oil (n=6; FO). Blood samples were obtained from the mares before a 15-day dietary adaptation period (T1) and from mares and foals the first (T2) and fifth (T3) days post-partum. Colostrum was collected at T2 and milk at T3. Routine haematological, biochemical and alpha-tocopherol analyses were undertaken on all blood samples. Fatty acid concentrations were determined in the foal serum and alpha-tocopherol concentrations measured in the milk and colostrum. Diet had no effect on haematology or biochemistry in the mares. Alpha-tocopherol concentrations were significantly higher at T2 & T3 in the FO+AT mares. Foal WBCs were higher in FO (11.33±2.59×109 /l), comparing to FO+AT and control groups (9.18±1.24×109 /l and 7.26±1.03×109 /l, respectively), at T3 (p<.05). There was no significant effect of the fish oil supplementation on the foal's serum fatty acid profile. In the FO+AT group, both colostrum and milk alpha-tocopherol concentrations (2.56±0.36 and 1.36±0.22µg/ml, respectively) were higher compared than those of the FO group (1.33±0.39 and 0.72±0.31µg/ml, respectively; p<.05). Additional 2,500IU/day of synthetic alpha-tocopherol in the last 65days of pregnancy increased alpha-tocopherol concentrations in colostrum and milk and the foal's serum. 40ml/day fish oil, however, did not significantly increase serum eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations in the foals.

Influence of fish oil on plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition in lung cancer patients

Rationale: Marine n-3 fatty acids have well-known anti-inflammatory effects, and may be used as a nutritional support for cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of fish oil supplementation on changes in the plasma phospholipid fatty acid (FA) profile of patients with non-small lung cancer receiving primary anti-neoplastic treatment.

Effect of fish-oil supplementation on breastmilk long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration: a randomized controlled trial in rural Ethiopia.

For infants and young children in low-income settings, human milk (HM) is the main source of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, the n-3 LCPs concentrations of HM show wide variability, largely depending on the maternal intake of marine foods. This may put children living far from coastal areas at risk of inadequate intake. We evaluated the efficacy of fish-oil (FO) supplementation of lactating mothers on HM n-3 LCPs concentrations in a rural setting from Ethiopia. Mothers (n = 360) with children 6-12 months old were randomized to receive either intervention FO capsules (215 mg DHA + 285 mg EPA) or control corn-oil capsules (without n-3 LCPs). In a random subsample of 154 participants, we analyzed LCPs in HM and child capillary blood using gas chromatography. Compared to the control, FO supplementation increased HM concentrations of DHA by 39.0% (95% CI: 20.6, 57.5%; P < 0.001) and EPA by 36.2% (95% CI: 16.0, 56.4%; P < 0.001), whereas the arachidonic acid (AA)/(DHA + EPA) ratio decreased by 53.5% (95% CI: -70.2, -36.7%; P < 0.001). We also found statistically significant association between the changes in (DHA + EPA)/AA ratio in HM and child capillary blood (P < 0.001). However, HM DHA concentrations remained lower than international norms after FO supplementation. FO supplementation improves n-3 LCPs content of HM. Future studies should evaluate different doses of n-3 LCPs and consider potential effect modifiers such as genetic polymorphism and diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01817634.

Maternal fish oil supplementation ameliorates maternal high-fructose diet-induced dyslipidemia in neonatal mice with suppression of lipogenic gene expression in livers of postpartum mice

Maternal fructose consumption during pregnancy and lactation is associated with metabolic dysregulation in offspring. We tested the hypothesis that fish oil (FO) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation improves fructose-induced metabolic dysregulation in postpartum dams and offspring mice. We therefore aimed to determine the effects of FO supplementation on metabolic disruption in neonatal mice and dams induced by a maternal high-fructose diet (HFrD). The weight of the offspring of dams fed with HFrD on postnatal day 5 was significantly low, but this was reversed by adding FO to the maternal diet. Feeding dams with HFrD significantly increased plasma concentrations of triglycerides, uric acid, and total cholesterol, and decreased free fatty acid concentrations in offspring. Maternal supplementation with FO significantly suppressed HFrD-induced hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia in the offspring. Maternal HFrD induced remarkable mRNA expression of the lipogenic genes Srebf1, Fasn, Acc1, Scd1, and Acly in the postpartum mouse liver without affecting hepatic and plasma lipid levels. Although expression levels of lipogenic genes were higher in the livers of postpartum dams than in those of nonmated mice, HFrD feeding increased the hepatic lipid accumulation in nonmated mice but not in postpartum dams. These findings suggest that although hepatic lipogenic activity is higher in postpartum dams than nonmated mice, the lipid consumption is enhanced in postpartum dams during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal FO supplementation obviously suppressed the expression of these lipogenic genes. These findings coincide with reduced plasma triglyceride concentrations in the offspring. Therefore, dietary FO apparently ameliorated maternal HFrD-induced dyslipidemia in offspring by suppressing maternal lipogenic gene expression and/or neonatal plasma levels of uric acid.

The effect of fish oil supplementation on the promotion and preservation of lean body mass, strength, and recovery from physiological stress in young, healthy adults: a systematic review.

Military personnel are subjected to physiologically stressful environments during combat and its associated training. Evidence suggests that fish oil-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (FO n-3 PUFAs) may affect military personnel's performance by promoting or preserving lean body mass, strength, and power, while enhancing recovery from training-associated muscle damage. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review assessed the evidence for FO n-3 PUFA supplementation across various military-relevant outcomes related to physical performance in healthy adult populations. The PubMed, Embase, and the CINAHL databases were searched along with references lists of selected articles and reviews. Eighteen trials were assessed for bias, and descriptive data were extracted. Of the 18 studies included, 12 trials favored FO n-3 PUFA supplementation in ≥ 1 of the performance outcomes. Overall, FO n-3 PUFA supplementation likely preserves strength and very likely enhances recovery from physiological stress in young, healthy adults. However, FO n-3 PUFAs' role in promoting or preserving lean body mass or promoting strength is unclear and warrants additional investigation. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020152786.

The effect of fish oil supplements on serum levels of albumin, lipid profiles, and kidney function in patients with hypoalbuminemia admitted to an intensive care unit, Randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThis study compared the effects of fish oil and paraffin oil on critically ill adult patients with hypoalbuminemia admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). MethodsThe present single-center, double blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted on 104 patients hospitalized at ICU. The study group (n = 53) was administered with 5 gr fish oil via nasogastric tube (900 mg EPA and 600 mg DHA) for 14 consecutive days, while the control group was administered with the paraffin oil (n = 51). Serum levels of lipid profile, liver enzymes, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and albumin were measured. ResultsIt was found that in the study group, the TG level statistically decreased, while the levels of HDL-C and albumin increased. In addition, receiving omega 3 oil had no significant effect on serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL, liver enzymes, creatinine and BUN. ConclusionIn general, receiving EN fortified with fish oil may increase the serum levels of albumin and HDL-C while decreasing the TG levels in in the patients with hypoalbuminemia. Thus, omega-3 PUFA may play a therapeutic role in increasing the albumin level in patients with hypoalbuminemia. The relationship of alterations in albumin levels with the use of fish oil requires further investigation.

Effects of fish oil supplementation on glucose control and lipid levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundPrevious studies have yielded inconsistent findings on the role of fish oil in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We systematically summarized the available evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT) and aimed to investigate the effects of fish oil supplementation on glucose control and lipid levels among patients with T2DM.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed in electronic databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang) to identify all relevant RCTs which were published up to May 31st, 2019. We used Modified Jadad Score system to evaluate the quality of each included RCT. The pooled effects were estimated using random-effects model and presented as standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsA total of 12 RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in glucose control outcomes comparing fish oil supplementation to placebo. The effect size of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was 0.13 (95% CI: − 0.03 to 0.28, p > 0.05). No marked change was observed in fasting insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels. Fish oil supplementation was associated with a decrease of triglyceride (TG) level by − 0.40 (95%CI: − 0.53 to − 0.28, p < 0.05), and an increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level by 0.21 (95%CI: 0.05 to 0.37, p < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, HDL cholesterol level was higher among Asian and low-dose(< 2 g/d n-3 PUFA) subgroups compared to their counterparts (p < 0.05). TG level was lower in mid and long duration groups, along with an inconspicuous difference in short duration group.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis shows that among patients with T2DM, fish oil supplementation leads to a favorable blood lipids profile but does not improve glucose control.

Dietary supplement use by older adults with chronic venous leg ulcers: A retrospective, descriptive study.

Nearly 70% of older adults in the U.S. report using ≥1 dietary supplements (DSs) daily. While DSs may have health benefits, there is risk for toxicity or harmful drug-supplement interactions if not taken correctly. Older adults with chronic wounds who use DSs are at increased risk of adverse drug-supplement interactions because they usually have comorbidities requiring polypharmacy management. However, no studies have evaluated DS use in this population. The aim of this retrospective pilot study was to describe DS use by a sample of older adults (n = 40) with chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLUs) who participated in a clinical trial testing the effects of fish oil supplementation on wound healing. At baseline, study personnel assisted all participants in completing an electronic questionnaire about DS use. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the data. Twenty-five of the 40 participants (62.5%) reported taking ≥1 DS daily. On average, DS users were 65.16 years (SD = 8.51) and the majority were men (64.0%), white (68.0%), and had at least some college education (72.0%). Fifteen (60.0%) reported taking 1-2 DSs/day, and 10 (40.0%) reported taking ≥3/day. The most frequently reported DSs used were multivitamin/mineral complex (60.0%), vitamin D (36.0%), vitamin B complex (28.0%) and calcium (28.0%). Reasons for using DSs were to maintain or improve health (44.0%), improve bone density (12%), and boost the immune system (12%). Supplement users reported consuming an average of 9.12 (SD = 6.46) prescription drugs daily and 21 (84.0%) reported ≥3 chronic health conditions. In summary, DS use in this sample of chronic wound patients was high. Moreover, DS users reported using multiple prescription drugs (2-23/day) concomitantly with DSs. While older adults with CVLUs may benefit from targeted DS therapy, monitoring their DS use to reduce risk for adverse drug-supplement interactions is best practice.